DEC 12 I N Botany NEW SFK PTERIDOPHYTA OF PERU Part II 13. Pteridaceae-15. Dennstaedtiaceae Rolla M. Tryon Robert (;. Stol/e SSm September 29, 1989 Publication 1403 PUBLISHED BY FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY nation for Contributors to Fieldiana published by Tl .raged to give journal and booi- m (1976 et seq.) (botanical pap ; nformation Ser PP- ^parison of montane nd floristics. Journal 51: 567- iral patterns in visions, pp. 63-80. In Browman, D. uton Publishers, The Hag . in 143. Bureau of Am Part II. IV npanie THIS PUBLICATION IS PRINTED ON ACID-FREE PAPER. FIELDIANA Botany NEW SERIES, NO. 22 PTERIDOPHYTA OF PERU Part II 13. Pteridaceae-15. Dennstaedtiaceae Rolla M. Tryon Gray Herbarium Harvard University 22 Divinity Avenue Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138 Robert G. Stolze Associate Curator. Pteridology Department of Botany Field Museum of Natural History Roosevelt Road at Lake Shore Drive Chicago, Illinois 60605-2496 Accepted June 24, 1988 Published September 29, 1989 Publication 1403 PUBLISHED BY FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY 1989 Field Museum of Natural History Library of Congress Catalog Card Number: 88-84027 ISSN 00 15-0746 PRINTED IN THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA Table of Contents List of Illustrations INTRODUCTION 1 1 . ACKNOWLEDGMENTS 1 2. 1 3. PTERIDACEAE 2 3. Eriosorus 3 4. Jamesonia 8 Pterozonium 14 5. Pityrogramma 16 6. Anogramma 22 Cheilanthes 23 7. Adiantopsis 34 8. Notholaena 37 9. Pellaea 40 10. Doryopteris 43 11. Hemionitis 46 12. Trachypteris 48 13. Ceratopteris 50 14. Adiantum 52 Pteris 70 15. Acrostichum 81 16. 14. VlTTARIACEAE 83 Hecistopteris 84 17. Antrophyum 84 18. Vittaria 89 19. Anetium 92 15. DENNSTAEDTIACEAE 94 20. Microlepia 95 21. Dennstaedtia 95 22. Saccoloma 101 Pteridium 105 23. Paesia 106 24. Hypolepis 106 Blotiella Ill 25. Lonchitis 113 26. Histiopteris 115 27. Lindsaea 115 28. MAP OF PERU 1 24 29. INDEX TO NAMES . .125 30. Eriosorus: E. rufescens; E. flexuosus . . 5 Jamesonia alstonii 10 Pterozonium reniforme 15 Pityrogramma: P. tartarea; P. calome- lanos 17 Anogramma leptophylla 22 Cheilanthes: C. poeppigiana; C. myrio- phylla 26 Adiantopsis radiata 35 Notholaena: N. ni\ea; N. sulphurea ... 39 Pellaea: P. ternifolia; P. ovata 42 Doryopteris pedata var. palmata 45 Hemionitis palmata 47 Trachypteris: T. pinnata; T. induta ... 49 Ceratopteris pteridoides 51 Adiantum: A. concinnum; A. capillus-ve- neris\ A. pulvrulentum 53 Pteris: P. biaurita; P. altissima 71 Acrostichum: A. aureum; A. danaeifol- ium 82 Hecistopteris pumila 85 Antrophyum lineatum 86 Vittaria: V. graminifolia\ V. lineata; V. stipitata 88 Anetium citrifolium 93 Microlepia speluncae 96 Dennstaedtia: D. dissecta; D. bipinnata; D. globulifera 97 Saccoloma: S. inaequale; S. elegans ... 102 Pteridium aquilinum var. arachnoideum 104 Paesia glandulosa 107 Hypolepis parallelogramma 108 Blotiella lindeniana 112 Lonchitis hirsuta 114 Histiopteris incisa 116 Lindsaea: L. lancea; L. stricta; L. arcu- ata\ L. divaricata 119 ui PTERIDOPHYTA OF PERU Part II 13. Pteridaceae-15. Dennstaedtiaceae Introduction This second part of "Pteridophyta of Peru" con- tains treatments of the Pteridaceae, Vittariaceae, and Dennstaedtiaceae, including a total of 30 gen- era and 171 species known to occur in Peru. It represents a considerable revision of "The Ferns of Peru (Dennstaedtiae to Oleandreae)" by Rolla Tryon (Contr. Gray Herb., 194: 1-253. 1964), due to newly published information and numerous collections made in Peru in the last 25 years. These collections have mostly been made under the aus- pices of the Universidad Nacional de Trujillo, the Museo de Historia Natural de Universidad de San Marcos, the Missouri Botanical Garden, and Field Museum of Natural History. The treatment has been prepared by Rolla Tryon aided by the critical review of Robert G. Stolze. Prior to 1 944 the Department of Pasco was a part of Junin and until recently Ucayali was a part of Loreto. An attempt has been made to account for these changes, and this is not difficult when labels cite towns and provinces. However, on older specimens the labels often contain only sketchy data, making it impossible to determine in which part of Loreto or Junin a plant was collected. The map of Peru at the end of the text shows the de- partments and indicates the sequence of the col- lection citations. New names published here are indicated by boldface in the Index to Names. Collections have been cited from each department of Peru from which material has been seen and further collec- tions are sometimes cited to include other her- baria. In general, all collections seen are cited for rare species and a selection is cited for common species. Type collections, mentioned in the no- menclature, are not included in the specimen ci- tations, although they are included in the Peruvian range and ecology. Appended to some of the generic treatments are portions of text labeled Comments. Herein are in- cluded species to be expected in Peru, names based on Peruvian material but of uncertain application, excluded species (erroneous reports that may have special significance), and cultivated species that are possibly adventive. Besides the original drawings, a number of plates published in Fieldiana for "The Ferns and Fern Allies of Guatemala" (Fieldiana, Bot., n.s., 6. 198 1) have been used for species occurring in Peru. Voucher specimens cited in the captions are from Peru unless otherwise indicated. Abbreviations of periodical publications gen- erally follow the system of Botanico-Periodicum- Huntianum (1968), and abbreviations of authors' names and of books generally follow TL-2 Taxo- nomic Literature (2nd ed.) by Stafleu and Cowan (1976 etseq.}. Acknowledgments The treatments of the genera Eriosorus and Ja- mesonia have been prepared with the collabora- tion of Alice F. Tryon, and the treatment ofLind- saea has been reviewed by Karl U. Kramer. The authors appreciate this aid which has improved the treatments of these technical genera. Special thanks are extended to Field Museum's scientific illustrators Zorica Dabich and Clara Richardson and to volunteer artist Julia A. Liesse for their artwork, which adds an important dimension to TRYON & STOLZE: PTERIDOPHYTA OF PERU. II. the generic treatments. The collaboration of the staff and officers of the following institutions has been especially valuable in making loans available for study and during visits: Field Museum of Nat- ural History (F); Harvard University Herbaria, most Gray Herbarium (GH) and some Arnold Ar- boretum (A); Herbarium Truxillense, Universidad de Trujillo, Trujillo, Peru (HUT); Missouri Bo- tanical Garden, St. Louis, (MO); University of California, Berkeley (UC); United States National Herbarium, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D.C. (US); and Museo de Historia Natural "Javier Prado" de Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Lima, Peru (USM). Earlier work on "The Ferns of Peru," which provided a considerable basis for the present treat- ment, was supported by National Science Foun- dation Grants 1064, 15949, and N-1565 to Rolla M. Tryon. The present work is currently supported in part by National Science Foundation Grant BSR- 8516358 to Rolla M. Tryon and Robert G. Stolze. We appreciate this financial aid which provides essential assistance. However, any opinions and conclusions expressed are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the Foun- dation. Family 13: PTERIDACEAE Pteridaceae Reichenb., Hand. Nat. Pfl.-Syst. 138. 1837, as Pteroideae. TYPE: Pteris L. Stem erect to long-creeping, bearing trichomes or scales or both. Leaves usually small to large, ca. 1-6 m long, circinate in vernation, monomor- phic to dimorphic, usually pinnate, or entire, pin- nat i tki. pedate, palmate, ternate, or radiate, or the petiole furcate apically into two strongly recurved rachises, glabrous, glandular, pubescent, farinose and (or) scaly. Petiole lacking stipules, not artic- ulate to the stem. Veins free or fully anastomosing, the areolae without included veinlets. Sori at the vein ends, or the sporangia in short to long soral lines along the veins, or the sporangia on a mar- ginal commissure, or scattered on the veins, or on anastomosing veins and between them, exindu- siate or the recurved margin modified as an in- dusium. Sporangia with a 2-3-rowed stalk, an- nulus vertical or rarely oblique, interrupted by the stalk. The Pteridaceae are a family of about 33 genera and 750 species, widely distributed through most of the World. There are 1 6 genera in Peru. The family is diverse, including undoubtedly old and distinctive evolutionary lines, as well as recent and poorly defined groups. It is characterized by a chromosome number of n = 29 or 30 or multiples (there are exceptions), trilete spores, and the spo- rangia in exindusiate sori or soral lines, or covered by a marginal, variously modified indusium. Pter- idaceae is used here since the earlier Parkeriaceae is always used for a monogeneric family, including Ceratopteris. In the following key to genera, the characters are sometimes restricted, for the sake of conve- nience, to Andean species. Reference TRYON, R. M., AND A. F. TRYON. 1982. Pteri- daceae, pp. 213-354, in Ferns and allied plants, Springer- Verlag, New York. Key to Genera of Pteridaceae a. Margins of the fertile segments not modified, or somewhat modified but not or hardly concealing the sporangia b b. Sporangia borne on the anastomosing veins and between them c c. Sterile lamina densely scaly abaxially XII. Trachypteris c. Sterile pinnae glabrous to slightly pubescent abaxially XVI. Acrostichum b. Sporangia borne only on the veins, on a vascular receptacle, or on a vascular commissure . . . d d. Stem scarcely developed, not bearing leaf bases from previous years V. Anogramma d. Stem well developed and bearing leaf bases from previous years e e. Lamina simple, entire III. Pterozonium e. Lamina deeply lobed or 1 -pinnate or more complex f f. Stem bearing only trichomes or bristles g FIELDIANA: BOTANY g. Pinnae with several lobes, or pinnatifid or more complex; the segment margins not or hardly enrolled; the lamina usually clearly determinate I. Eriosorus g. Pinnae entire; the margins strongly enrolled; the lamina usually indeterminate .... II. Jamesonia f. Stem bearing only scales, or trichomes also sometimes present h h. Two or more vascular bundles near the base of the petiole; the lamina farinose, glandular, densely pubescent, or glabrous abaxially IV. Pityrogramma h. One vascular bundle near the base of the petiole, or if 2, then the lamina densely scaly abaxially i i. Sporangia borne on the veins, entirely or nearly from the costa to the margin; segments thinly to moderately pubescent abaxially XI. Hemionitis i. Sporangia borne at the vein ends, or extending on the veins about halfway to the I costa (rarely more and then glabrous or farinose abaxially), or on a complete or incomplete marginal commissure j j. Lamina densely pubescent or scaly abaxially VI. Cheilanthes j. Lamina glabrous or farinose abaxially k k. Lamina farinose abaxially, or if not, then glabrous and the petiole and rachis very dark reddish to atropurpureous and the pinnae stalked VIII. Notholaena k. Lamina not farinose, glabrous abaxially; the petiole and rachis straw-colored to ruddy brown, or if atropurpureous or darker, then the pinnae sessile . . IX. Pellaea a. Margins of the fertile segments modified as an indusium, mostly or wholly concealing the sporangia 1 1. Veins extending into the indusium where they bear the sporangia XIV. Adiantum 1. Indusium without veins or sporangia m m. Paraphyses (trichomes unlike other lamina indument) present among the sporangia XV. Pteris m. Paraphyses absent (immature sporangia may be present) n n. Sporangia borne separately on the veins; plants aquatic or semiaquatic; leaves dimorphic, the sterile lamina thin, with evident anastomosing veins XIII. Ceratopteris n. Sporangia adjacent, in sori or soral lines, rarely single at a vein end; plants terrestrial or rupestral o o. Lamina pinnate, it and the pinnae with a rather large, entire, stalked terminal segment nearly as large as the adjacent ones, or pinnae mostly entire or ternate . . IX. Pellaea o. Lamina pedate, ternate, or radiate, or usually pinnate and the lamina and pinnae with a pinnatifid apex, or the pinnae pinnately lobed to pinnatifid, or the terminal segment minute, ca. 1 mm long p p. Lamina pedate; petiole with 2 vascular bundles near the base and veins free, or with 1 bundle and veins anastomosing, at least along the costa X. Doryopteris p. Lamina pinnate or radiate, or pedate and then the petiole with 1 vascular bundle near the base and the veins free q q. Lamina pedate, or usually pinnate, and the petiole terete or adaxially concolor- ously (or nearly) 2-ridged; spores cristate, verrucate, granulate, or rugose VI. Cheilanthes q. Lamina ternate or radiate, or pinnate and the petiole adaxially with 2 thin, light- colored ridges; spores echinate VII. Adiantopsis I. Eriosorus Terrestrial. Stem decumbent or usually creeping and slender, bearing trichomes or bristles (very Eriosorus Fee, (Mem. foug. 5) Gen. fil. 1 52, t. IBB, rarely scales). Leaves usually rather closely spaced. / 1. 1852. TYPE: Eriosorus scandens Fee = Lamina 1-4- or 5-pinnate (rarely to 6-pinnate), E. aureonitens (Hooker) Copel. Figure 1. sparsely to usually definitely pubescent, some- TRYON & STOLZE: PTERIDOPHYTA OF PERU. II. 3 times densely so, especially abaxially, veins free. Sori rather elongate along the veins, usually not extending to the vein tip, not paraphysate, exin- dusiate. Spores tetrahedral-globose, trilete, with a usually prominent equatorial flange, tuberculate or coarsely ridged, with a basal triangular ridge. Eriosorus may be separated from the very closely related Jamesonia by the usually determinate lam- ina, the stalked or rarely sessile pinnae, and the not or hardly enrolled margins of the pinnae. Ja- mesonia has the lamina indeterminate, or if de- terminate, the pinnae adnate, and the margins of the pinnae enrolled. Both genera have the unusual feature of basally slender petioles. There is clear morphological and cytological evidence of hybrids; for example, Eriosorus war- scewiczii x Jamesonia scammanae in Costa Rica and Eriosorus cheilanthoides x E. brasiliensis on Mt. Itatiaia, Brazil (A. F. Tryon, 1970). Material from Peru (see Comments) with abortive spores undoubtedly represents hybrids, but these are often difficult to identify with particular parents. Field studies are needed to assess variation in popula- tions, spore abortion, and cytology of Peruvian species and hybrids. This treatment of Eriosorus follows that of A. F. Tryon (1970), and has been prepared with her collaboration. Reference TRYON, A. F. 1970. A monograph of the fern genus Eriosorus. Contr. Gray Herb., 200: 54- 174. Key to Species of Eriosorus a. Leaves erect, or if scandent or scrambling then to 3-pinnate; lamina mostly to ca. 50 cm long, not exceeding 1m b b. Lamina narrowly linear, usually 2-pinnate; pinnae nearly as long as broad 3. E. cheilanthoides b. Lamina elongate-triangular, -ovate, or -rhomboid; central or lower pinnae nearly twice as long as the upper ones c c. Both surfaces of the pinnae sparsely or moderately pubescent d d. Pinna stalks, at least of the lower pinnae, descending from the rachis ... 6. E. wurdackii d. Pinna stalks at right angles to the rachis, or ascending from the rachis e e. Lamina 2-pinnate to rarely 2-pinnate-pinnatifid; pinnae at right angles to the rachis, sessile or nearly so 1 . E. rufescens e. Lamina 2-pinnate-pinnatifid to 3-pinnate; pinnae ascending from the rachis, stalked . 2. E. accrescens c. Both surfaces of the pinnae tomentose with matted trichomes f f. Lamina rather elongate-triangular; rachis straight or nearly so; pinnae sessile or subsessile 4. E. stuebelii f. Lamina broadest above the base; rachis fractiflex; pinnae stalks strongly ascending from the rachis 5. E. aureonitens a. Leaves scandent, twining, or scrambling, to 3 m long or more; lamina 4-pinnate or more complex g g. Ultimate segments orbicular or cuneate, broad, with 6-20 veins 7. E. orbignyanus g. Ultimate segments dichotomously lobed to deeply bifid, slender, each lobe with 1 or 2 veins . . . . 8. E. flexuosus 1 . Eriosorus rufescens (Fee) A. F. Tryon, Rhodora 65: 56. 1963. Figure la. Gymnogramma rufescens Fee, (Mem. foug. 5) Gen. fil. 181, l. 19C,f. 3. 1852. TYPE: Peru, "Andi- bus," Matthews (not located). Gymnogramma mohriaeformis Mett., Fil. lechl. 1: 9. 1856. TYPE: Peru, Puno, San Gavan (Rio San Gaban), Lechler 2255 (holotype, B!; photo, GH; frag., NY!; isotype, GH!). Gymnogramma mathewsii Hooker, Sp. fil. 5: 128, t. 290. 1 864. TYPE: Peru, Mathews 1814 (holotype, K!; photo, GH). Leaves erect, determinate. Lamina elongate-del- toid, 2-pinnate to rarely 2-pinnate-pinnatifid, FIELDIANA: BOTANY FIG. 1. Eriosorus rufescens: a, habit. Eriosorus flexuosus: b, portion of lamina; c, apex of penultimate division, (a from Macbride 4302, F, b, c from Macbride 4518, F.) rachis straight, shallowly grooved adaxially. Pin- nae sessile or nearly so, nearly at right angles to the rachis, both surfaces pubescent, with rigid, clear or bicolorous trichomes, ultimate segments broad- ly lobed to crenulate, the vein ends extending to the margin. Among rocks, on mossy banks, in Sphagnum, often growing in open places in cloud forests, 2300- 3600 m, Cajamarca to Puno. Venezuela, Colombia, south to Bolivia. This Andean species has the lamina usually bearing bicolorous trichomes. TRYON & STOLZE: PTERIDOPHYTA OF PERU. II. ( ajamarea: Prov. Cutervo, La Pucarilla, Ldpez & Sa- gdstegui 5456 (GH). La Libertad: Prov. Pataz, Pumatam- bo, Puerto del Monte, Ldpez & Sagastegui 3436 (GH). Huanuco: Cushi, Bryan 683 (F, us). Pampayacu, Kane- hira 166 (OH, us). Pasco: Border Prov. Oxapampa and Pasco, San Gotardo, van der Werffet al. 8600 (MO, uc). Ayacucho: Prov. La Mar, eastern massif of Cordillera Central, Dudley 12032 (GH). Cuzco: Prov. Urubamba, Vargas 2897 (MO, us). Prov. Paucartambo, Vargas 12192 (GH). shrubs, often in the cloud forest zone, 2300-4000 m, Piura to Puno. Ecuador to Bolivia; Mt. Itatiaia, Brazil; Tristan da Cunha Islands. This species is characterized by the pinnae being nearly the same length throughout the lamina. It is somewhat frequent at higher elevations and ev- idently is one parent of the hybrids discussed in Comments. 2. Eriosorus accrescens A. F. Tryon, Rhodora 65: 57. 1963. TYPE: Peru, (Cuzco), Prov. Uru- bamba, Puyupata to "Yuncapata," Vargas 2921 (holotype, us!; isotype, MO!). Leaves erect to subscandent, with indeterminate growth. Lamina elongate-lanceolate or elongate- ovate, 2-pinnate-pinnatifid or 3-pinnate, rachis nearly straight to slightly flexuous, plane to slightly grooved adaxially. Pinnae stalked, ascending, both surfaces sericeous, ultimate segments bluntly lobed to crenulate, the vein ends terminating in a sinus at the margin. Wooded ravines, 2950-3500 m, Amazonas, San Martin, Pasco, and Cuzco. Peru. Additional material is needed to adequately characterize this rare species. Amazonas: Prov. Chachapoyas, entre Leimebamba y Balsas, Lopez el al 4444 (GH). San Martin: Prov. Mar- iscal Caceres, Rio Abiseo National Park, Young & Leon 4726 (F). Pasco: Prov. Oxapampa, Santa Barbara, D. Smith 8129 (F). Cuzco: Valle de Lares, Montana de Col- ca, Biies 1925 (us). Altura de Chaco, Biies 2135 (us). 3. Eriosorus cheilanthoides (Sw.) A. F. Tryon, Brit. FernGaz. 9: 271. 1966. Grammitis cheilanthoides Sw., Syn. fil. 23, 219, 419. 1 806. TYPE: Tristan da Cunha (Mauritius in error) (holotype, Herb. Swartz, s!; photo, GH). Leaves erect, indeterminate. Lamina narrowly linear, pinnate-pinnatifid, rarely 2-pinnate, rachis straight, plane to slightly grooved adaxially. Pin- nae stalked, both surfaces more or less pubescent, or rarely glandular, the ultimate lobes bifid, the vein ends extending to, or nearly to, the segment margin. Rocky soil, at the edge of boulders, among Piura: Prov. Huancabamba, Cerro La Viuda, Sagas- tegui el al. 8211 (GH, HUT, MO). C ajamarca: Prov. Ca- jabamba, Cajabamba-Luchubamba, Sagastegui et al. 11204 (HUT, MO). Prov. Cutervo, La Pucarilla, Lopez & Sagastegui 5380 (GH, MO). Ancash: Prov. Huaraz, Huas- caran National Park, Smith et al. 9623, 12406, 12459 (F). Huanuco: Prov. Huanuco, Carpish, Tryon & Tryon 5319 (GH). Pasco: Prov. Oxapampa, Santa Barbara, D. Smith 8143 (F). Junin: Prov. Conception, Concepcion- Satipo, Sounders 1078 (GH). Huancavelica: Prov. Tay- acaja, entre Colcabamba y Paucartambo, Tovar 2026 (USM). Ayacucho: Prov. La Mar, between Tambo and the Apurimac, Weberbauer 5658 (B, F, GH, us). Pampalca, Killip & Smith 23249 (F, GH, NY, s, us). Cuzco: Prov. Paucartambo, Puente Aguila, Vargas 23122 (GH). Prov. Cuzco, Rio Marcapato, Madison 1035 (GH). Puno: Aga- pata, Lechler 2035 (B, F, G, K, p, w). 4. Eriosorus stuebelii (Hieron.) A. F. Tryon, Rho- dora 65: 57. 1963. Gymnogramma stuebelii Hieron., Hedwigia 48: 219, t. 9,f. 5. 1909. TYPE: Peru, (Amazonas), between Pacasmayo and Moyobamba, Stubel 1058 (ho- lotype, B!; frag., GH!; photo, GH). Leaves erect, determinate. Lamina rather elon- gate-deltoid, 2-pinnate, rachis straight, subterete to slightly grooved adaxially. Pinnae nearly sub- sessile, both surfaces rather densely sericeous, ul- timate segments crenulate, the vein ends termi- nating in a sinus at the margin or protruding in a tooth beyond the margin. In woods, 2000-3000 m, Amazonas and Puno. Peru. The Vargas collection cited below is not entirely consistent with the type and may represent another species. Amazonas: Chachapoyas, Wurdack 1527 (US). Puno: Prov. Sandia, bajando a Cachi-cachi, Vargas 1 1834 (GH). 5. Eriosorus aureonitens (Hooker) Copel., Gen. fil. 58. 1947. FIELDIANA: BOTANY Gymnogramma aureonitens Hooker, Hooker's Icon. PI. 9: /. 520. 1 852 (prior to May, cf. Gard. Chron. 1852: 278). TYPE: Peru, W. Lobb (holotype, K!; frag., NY!; photo, OH). Eriosorus scandens Fee, (Mem. foug. 5) Gen. fil. 152, t. 13B,f. 1. 1852 ("probably December" cf. W. T. Stearn, Webbia 17: 207-222. 1962). TYPE: Peru, Ruiz (not located). Leaves subscandent or pendent, with indeter- minate growth. Lamina elongate-lanceolate, broadest above the base, 2-pinnate-pinnatifid, rachis fractiflex, subterete or shallowly grooved adaxially. Pinnae stalked, ascending from the rachis, adaxially, both surfaces densely tomentose, ultimate segments bluntly lobed to crenulate, the vein ends usually protruding in a tooth beyond the margin. Shrubby areas, especially in cloud forests and elfin forests, 2700-3400 m, Piura to Cuzco. Colombia, Ecuador, and Peru. The fractiflex rachis and dense tomentum on the lamina are unusual features that readily char- acterize this species. Piura: Prov. Huancabamba, Cordillera Chinguala, Sa- gdstegui el al. 10222 (GH, uc). Amazonas: Prov. Chach- apoyas, middle eastern Calla Calla slopes, Wurdack 1 738 (GH, us). Prov. Bagua. Cordillera Colan, Harbour 3370 (F, MO). Huanuco: Playapampa, Macbride 4529 (F). Be- tween Huanuco and Pampayacu, Kanehira 153 (GH, us). Pasco: Prov. Oxapampa, Cordillera Yanachaga, Foster 9016 (F, MO). Border Prov. Oxapampa and Pasco, San Gotardo, van der \Verff8506 (MO, uc). Cuzco: Prov. La Convention, Cordillera Vilcabamba, Dudley 11090 (GH). 6. Eriosorus wurdackii A. F. Tryon, Contr. Gray Herb. 200: 147. 1970. TYPE: Peru, Dept. Amazonas, Prov. Chachapoyas, 6-8 km W of Molinopampa, Wurdack 1541 (holotype, GH!). Leaves erect, determinate. Lamina elongate-tri- angular, 2- or 3-pinnate basally, rachis fractiflex, at least toward the base, strongly grooved adaxi- ally. Pinnae stalked, at least the lower ones de- scending from the rachis, glabrous adaxially, slightly pubescent abaxially, ultimate segments or- bicular to ovate, veins extending to, or slightly short of, the margin. Rock crevices, in the jalca zone, 2200-2300 m, Amazonas. Only known from the type collection. Peru. This species and E. orbignyanus are unusual in that the sori form a band on the fertile segment. 7. Eriosorus orbignyanus (Kuhn) A. F. Tryon, Rhodora65: 56. 1963. Gymnogramma orbignyana Kuhn, Linnaea 36: 70. 1869. SYNTYPES: Bolivia, (La Paz), Yungas, D'Orbigny 174 (B!; photo, GH; isosyntype, F!; pho- to, GH); Bolivia, (Cochabamba) "Yorocares" (Yu- racares), D'Orbigny 299 (B!; photo, GH; isosyn- type, P!; photo, GH). Leaves scandent, evidently indeterminate. Lam- ina elongate, 4-pinnate, rachis fractiflex, strongly grooved adaxially. Pinnae stalked, descending from the rachis, both surfaces sparsely pubescent, ulti- mate segments broadly lobed to crenulate, with mostly 6-20 veins, the vein ends extending to, or nearly to, the margin. Cloud forests, 1500-1750 m, Huanuco to Cuz- co. Colombia south to Bolivia. Huanuco: Rio Lullapichis watershed, Cerros del Sira, Dudley 13474 (GH). Pasco: Border Prov. Oxapampa and Pasco, San Gotardo, van der Werffet al. 8585 (MO, uc). Prov. Oxapampa, Oxapampa-Paucartambo, Smith & Pretel 1632 (F). Junin: Provenir, Killip & Smith 25947 (NY, us). Cuzco: Chaupimayo, Sues 1949, 1950 (us). Prov. La Convencion, Dudley 10337, 11240 (GH). 8. Eriosorus flexuosus (H.B.K.) Copel., Gen. fil. 58. 1947. Figure Ib-c. Gymnogramma flexuosa Desv., Ges. Naturf. Freunde Berlin Mag. Neuesten Entdeck. Gesammten Na- turk. 5: 306. 181 1, ex char., not Eriosorus flex- uosus (H.B.K.) Copel. TYPE: none cited. Grammitis flexuosa H.B.K., Nov. gen. sp. 1:5. 1816. TYPE: Venezuela, Humboldt & Bonpland (ho- lotype, P!; photo, GH). Grammitis ruiziana Klotzsch, Linnaea 20: 410. 1847. TYPE: Peru, (Huanuco), Prov. Panatahuas, Ruiz 74 (holotype, B!; photo, GH). Gymnogramma flexuosa var. peruviana Hieron., Hedwigia 48: 220. 1909. TYPE: Peru, (Amazon- as), Cuesta de Lejia, near Molinobamba, Stubel 1055 (holotype, B!; photo, GH). Leaves scandent, scrambling, indeterminate, sometimes more than 3 m long. Lamina elongate, branching in several planes, 4- or 5-pinnate, rachis more or less fractiflex, strongly grooved adaxially. Pinnae stalked, ascending, or nearly at right angles to the rachis, both surfaces glabrous or sparsely pubescent, ultimate segments slender, bifid to deeply lobed, each lobe with 1 or 2 veins, vein ends extending to, or short of, the segment margin. TRYON & STOLZE: PTERIDOPHYTA OF PERU. II. Among shrubs in moist areas, along river banks or on mossy slopes, scrambling on other vegeta- tion, 2200-3600 m, Cajamarca to Puno. Mexico and Central America; Hispaniola; Guy- ana west to Colombia and south to Bolivia. This species is characterized by very large and long scrambling leaves with the pinnae disposed in several planes, and slender ultimate segments with each lobe having one or two veins. Cajamarca: Prov. Cutervo, La Pucarilla, Lopez & Sa- gdstegui 5458 (GH). NE of Socota, Stork & Morton 10132 (F, uc, us). Amazonas: 9 km below Chachapoyas, Wur- dack 777 (GH, us). Prov. Bagua, Cordillera Colan, Bar- hour 3754 (F, MO). San Martin: Prov. Rioja, Pedro Ruiz- Moyobamba, D. Smith 4827 (GH). Huanuco: Prov. Huanuco, Bosque Nacional de Iparia, J. Schunke V. 5227 (F, GH, us). Mito, Macbride & Featherstone 1829 (F, GH, us). Pasco: Prov. Oxapampa, Cordillera Yanachaga, Foster 9010 (F, MO). Huancavelica: Prov. Tayacaja, E of Surcubamba, Stork & Norton 10393 (F, GH, us). Cuzco: Pillahuata. Cerro de Cusilluyoc, Pennell 13941 (F, GH, NY). Paucartambo, Vargas 1906 (GH, us). Madre de Dios: Prov. Manu, Shintuya, Chavez 859 (MO). Puno: Prov. Carabaya, entre Ayapata y Kahualluyoc, Vargas 10750 (GH). Comments DUBIOUS SPECIES Eriosorus lechleri (Kuhn) A. F. Tryon, Rhodora 65: 56. 1963; Contr. Gray Herb. 200: 171. 1970. Gymnogramma lechleri Kuhn, Linnaea 36: 71. 1869. TYPE: Peru, Puno, San Gavan (Rio San Gaban), Lechler 2262 (holotype, B!; photo, GH). The type is a single leaf that cannot be definitely identified. HYBRIDS A considerable number of collections have been identified as hybrids on the basis of morphological irregularities, abortive spores or sporangia, and characters intermediate between putative parents. The two most frequent ones are the following. Eriosorus cheilanthoides Eriosorus sp. Gymnogramma flabellata Grev. & Hooker, J. Bot. (Hooker) 1: 61, /. 120. 1834. TYPE: Ecuador, (Azuay), near Cuenca, Jameson in 1832 (holo- type, Herb. Greville, E!; photo, GH; isotype, Herb. Hooker, K!; photo, GH). Eriosorus flabellatus (Grev. & Hooker) Copel., Gen. fil. 58. 1947. Specimens of this hybrid mostly have abortive spores. They are similar to Eriosorus cheilan- thoides in the narrowly elongate lamina; however, the pinnae are about twice as long as broad. The other parent may be Eriosorus flexuosus. Cajamarca: San Juan, Vargas el al. 5512 (USM). La Libertad: Prov. Sanchez, between Huamachuco and Ca- jabamba, Smith & Cdceres 2233 (F, MO). Ancash: Prov. Yungay, Huascaran National Park, Smith et al. 10378, 10379 (GH). Cuzco: Prov. Paucartambo, Puente Aguila, Vargas 23123 (GH). Eriosorus cheilanthoides Jamesonia sp. Gymnogramma elongata Grev. & Hooker, J. Bot. (Hooker) 1: 61, t. 119. 1834. TYPE: Ecuador, (Azuay), near Cuenca, Jameson in 1832 (holo- type, Herb. Greville, E!; photos, BM, GH; isotype, Herb. Hooker, K!; photo, GH). Eriosorus elongatus (Grev. & Hooker) Copel., Gen. fil. 58. 1947. Specimens are similar to both parents in the narrowly linear lamina. Some collections may be part of the variation of Eriosorus cheilanthoides, while others with abortive spores are probably hy- brids with one of the species of Jamesonia. The collections will key out to E. cheilanthoides, but the ultimate lobes have three or usually more veins, rather than one or two veins. Piura: Prov. Huancabamba, above Huancabamba, Hutchison 1616 (GH). Prov. Huancabamba, E of Huan- cabamba, Weberbauer 6096 (B, F, GH, us). Cajamarca: Prov. San Miguel, El Tingo, Sagdstegui et al. 9516 (F). Amazonas: Summit of Puma-urcu, Wurdack 1161 (GH, us). Cerros Calla Calla, Hutchison & Wright 6978 (F, GH, us). La Libertad: Prov. Bolivar, La Quinuas, Lopez & Sagdstegui 3348 (GH). Huanuco: Carpish, Stork & Nor- ton 9910 (F, GH, MO). Carpish, Ferreyra 8172 (GH). Cuzco: Cerro de Cusilluyoc, Pennell 13850 (F, GH, NY, s, us). II. Jamesonia Jamesonia Hooker & Grev., Icon. fil. 2, /. 178. 1830. TYPE: Jamesonia pulchra Hooker & Grev. Figure 2. PsilogrammeKuhn, Festschrift 50jahrjub. Real. Ber- lin 332 (reprint Chaetopterides 12). 1882, nom. superfl. for Jamesonia and with the same type. FIELDIANA: BOTANY Terrestrial. Stem decumbent to usually creep- ing, bearing trichomes or bristles. Leaves usually well spaced. Lamina 1 -pinnate, pubescent or glan- dular abaxially, veins free. Sori rather elongate along the veins, extending almost to a vein tip, not paraphysate, exindusiate. Spores tetrahedral- globose, trilete, coarsely ridged or tuberculate, with a prominent equatorial flange. Differences ofJamesonia and the closely related Eriosorns are discussed under the latter genus. Specimens that are old or incomplete are often difficult to identify. The indument on the pinnae is best observed in younger leaves toward the apex of the lamina. Several leaves and pinnae should be examined in order to be certain of a character. The mature sporangia of fully fertile pinnae may conceal the indument on the abaxial surface. This treatment ofJamesonia follows that of A. F. Tryon (1962) and has been prepared with her close collaboration. Reference TRYON, A. F. 1962. A monograph of the fern genus Jamesonia. Contr. Gray Herb. 191: 109- 197. Key to Species of Jamesonia a. Pinnae asymmetrical, inequilateral at the usually cordate base b b. Abaxial surface of the pinnae densely tomentose, the trichomes often matted c c. Lamina not reduced apically, with patent or slightly appressed trichomes d d. Stem trichomes dark brown to atropurpureous, darker than the stem surface; border of the pinnae usually broad, indusioid 2. J. pulchra d. Stem trichomes tan to light brown, lighter than the stem surface; border of the pinnae narrow to moderately broad 9. J. imbricata c. Apex of the lamina vermiform, glandular-pubescent, usually vernicose ... 3. J. scammanae b. Abaxial surface of the pinnae glabrous, glandular, or somewhat sparsely and loosely pubescent e e. Pinnae rigidly herbaceous, the abaxial surface pubescent f f. Pinnae pubescent adaxially, especially on the enrolled margin g g. Pinnae with rather short trichomes adaxially, these hardly extending to other pinnae . 1 . J. rotundifolia g. Pinnae with long trichomes adaxially, these usually enveloping several pinnae 4. J. peruviana f. Pinnae glandular-pubescent abaxially 7. J. boliviensis e. Pinnae coriaceous, the adaxial surface glabrous or rarely with appressed glands or a few tri- chomes h h. Lamina the same width toward the apex; tomentum of apex and rachis concolorous .... 5. J. alstonii h. Lamina broadened and narrowly clavate toward the apex; tomentum of the apex and rachis bicolorous, usually with a prominent dark streak 6. J. goudotii a. Pinnae symmetrical, equilateral at the truncate to cordate base i i. Pinnae with slender stalks usually 1 mm or more long, these often perpendicular to the rachis; the pinna border entire to slightly short-ciliate; veins extending to the margin j j. Pinnae cordate at the base, the abaxial surface glandular or with a few short trichomes 8. J. scalaris j. Pinnae truncate to subcordate at the base, the abaxial surface usually tomentose 9. J. imbricata i. Pinnae adnate, sessile or subsessile, or with a stalk usually ca. 1 mm long and at an oblique angle to the rachis; the pinna border short- to long-ciliate k k. Stem trichomes dark brown to atropurpureous; veins extending nearly to the margin 10. J. blepharum k. Stem trichomes tan to golden brown; veins ending well back of the margin . 11. J. cinnamomea TRYON & STOLZE: PTER1DOPHYTA OF PERU. II. 5 cm 5 cm FIG. 2. Jamesonia alstonii: a, habit; b, portion of rachis with pinnae, adaxial side, (a from Killip & Smith 17475, Colombia, GH; b from Cleef9736, Colombia, GH.) 1. Jamesonia rotundifolia Fee, Mem. foug. 7: 41, t. 10. 1857. TYPE: Colombia, Schlim 363 (holotype, not located; isotypes, G!, K!, P!; pho- to, GH of P). Stem trichomes castaneous to light brown. Lam- ina about the same width throughout, the bud with patent or slightly appressed trichomes. Pinnae ro- tundate-cordate, inequilateral at the base, rigidly 10 FIELDIANA: BOTANY herbaceous, adaxial surface more or less pubes- cent, abaxial surface pubescent or glabrous, the stalk at an oblique angle to the rachis, border mod- erately broad, extended at the vein ends, irregu- larly dentate, sometimes little modified and sim- ilar to the pinna in texture. Moist, grassy steppes, rocky places, especially in the jalca of northern Peru, 3200-3500 m, Piura, Amazonas, and Huanuco. Costa Rica; Colombia to Peru. This species is characterized by its rotundate- cordate, inequilateral pinnae that are pubescent on the adaxial surface. Piura: Prov. Huancabamba, San Antonio-Talaneo, Sagdstegui & Cabanillas 8622 (F, MO, uc). Prov. Huan- cabamba, E of Huancabamba, Weberbauer 6076 (B, F, GH, us). Amazonas: Prov. Chachapoyas, Cordillera de Calla Calla, Ldpez et al 4447 (HUT). Huanuco: Cushi, Bryan 612 (F). 2. Jamesonia pulchra Hooker & Grev., Icon. ill. 2, /. 178. 1830. TYPE: Ecuador, (Pichincha), Monte Cayambe (cited as Peru), Jameson (ho- lotype, E!; photos, BM, GH; isotype, Herb. Hooker, K!). Stem trichomes dark brown to atropurpureous, darker than the stem surface. Lamina usually slightly broader in the central portion, the bud with patent or slightly appressed trichomes. Pin- nae ovate to orbicular, cordate, inequilateral at the base, rigidly herbaceous, adaxial surface glabrous or slightly pubescent, abaxial surface densely to- mentose, the stalk at an oblique angle to the rachis, border usually broad, often indusioid, entire or somewhat dentate. In a Sphagnum bog, 3350 m, Pasco. Colombia, Ecuador, and Peru. Jamesonia pulchra has only recently been col- lected in Peru. It probably also grows in the jalca of northern Peru where several other species of the genus occur. The broad, often indusioid, border of the pinnae is especially characteristic of this species. Pasco: Prov. Oxapampa, Cordillera Yanachaga, D. Smith 7729 (F, GH). 3. Jamesonia scammanae A. F. Tryon, Contr. Gray Herb. 191: 164. 1962. TYPE: Costa Rica, Cerro de la Muerte, Scamman & Holdridge 7929 (holotype, GH!). Stem trichomes lustrous, light to dark brown. Lamina about the same width throughout, the bud vermiform, glutinous, often vernicose, with ap- pressed trichomes. Pinnae ovate, sometimes lobed, inequilateral or nearly so at the base, adaxial sur- face glandular and vernicose or crustose, abaxial surface tomentose, stalk bent, short to nearly ab- sent, border moderately broad, entire or slightly undulate, firm-membranous or similar to the pin- na in texture. Grassy and rocky places, usually moist sites, 2750-4400 m, Ancash to Puno. Costa Rica; Colombia to Bolivia. This species is readily recognized by the small, vermiform and usually vernicose lamina apex. Ancash: Prov. Huari, Huascaran National Park, Smith & Goodwin 8749 (F, GH). Huanuco: Huanuco, Macbride & Featherstone 2182 (F, GH, us). Lima: Huarochiri, Sounders 399 (BM). Pasco: Prov. Oxapampa, Santa Bar- bara, Foster et al. 10427 (F). Junin: Prov. Satipo, Pampa Hermosa, Sounders 1036 (GH). Apurimac: Bosques de Ampay, Vargas 1060 (GH). Cuzco: Cerro de Cusilluyoc, Pennell 13870 (F, GH, us). Achirani, Vargas 11165 (F, K, uc). Puno: Tabina, Lechler 2032 (B, E, K, LE, p). 4. Jamesonia peruviana A. F. Tryon, Contr. Gray Herb. 191: 167. 1962. TYPE: Peru, (Huan- uco), Tambo de Vaca, J. F. Macbride 4404 (holotype, F!). Stem trichomes castaneous to atropurpureous. Lamina broadest at the apex, the bud with tan or light brown, patent or somewhat appressed tri- chomes. Pinnae reniform or orbicular-cordate, inequilateral at the base, rigidly herbaceous or slightly coriaceous, adaxial surface with long tri- chomes, these usually enveloping several pinnae, abaxial surface sparsely pubescent, stalk straight, perpendicular to the rachis, border broad, with more or less uniform papillae, firm-membranous. Grassy places, especially in moist and rocky sites, 2800-4300 m, Amazonas to Puno. Peru and Bolivia. This species is characterized by the very long trichomes, borne on the adaxial surface of the pin- nae, which envelope the adjacent pinnae. Amazonas: Prov. Chachapoyas, summit of Cerros de Calla Calla, Wurdack 1216 (GH, us). La Libertad: Las TRYON & STOLZE: PTERIDOPHYTA OF PERU. II. 11 Quinuas. Ldpez & Sagdstegui 3346 (F, GH, MO, uc). An- cash: Huari, above Ponto. Weberbauer 3302 (B, G, us). Huanuco: Tambo de Vaca, Bryan 648 (F, us). Pasco: Prov . Oxapampa, Santa Barbara. D. Smith 81 14 (F, GH), Foster el al. 10433 (F). Junin: Tarma, Nee (F). Cuzco: Cerro Cusilluyoc. Pennell 13873 (F, GH, us). Puno: Lech- ler 2153, in part (B. E. c, K. LE, P). 5. Jamesonia alstonii A. F. Tryon, Contr. Gray Herb. 191: 168. 1962. TYPE: Colombia, del Valle, Los Farallones, Cuatrecasas21884(ho- lotype, GH!). Figure 2. Stem trichomes usually dark brown or blackish, sometimes light brown. Lamina about the same width throughout, the bud with straw-colored, matted, or slightly appressed trichomes, the to- mentum of the apex and rachis concolorous. Pin- nae ovate-cordate or orbicular-cordate, inequila- teral at the base, coriaceous, the adaxial surface glabrous, rarely glandular, abaxial surface sparsely pubescent, stalk straight, perpendicular to the rachis, border moderately broad, extended at the vein ends, dentate, with sparse, short, bulbous cilia or entire, rigidly herbaceous. Wet grasslands, among boulders, 3400-4000 m, Cajamarca to Puno. Southern Mexico; Guatemala and Costa Rica; Colombia to Bolivia. Jamesonia alstonii is distinguished by the co- riaceous pinnae and the concolorous tomentum of the lamina apex and rachis. It is most closely re- lated to J. goudotii. Cajamarca: Prov. Contumaza, jalca de Pozo Kuan, Sagdstegui et al. 10790 (F, HUT). La Libertad: Prov. Pa- laz, Paseo de Alaska, Lope: & Sagdstegui 8176 (GH, MO). Huillias, N of Cachicadon, Stork & Morton 10007 (F, G, K, uc). Ancash: Prov. Bolognesi, Condorcocha, Cerrate 2547 (GH). Huanuco: Mito, Macbride & Featherstone 1883 (F, G, us). Junin: Huayllay, Mathews 979 (E, GL, K). Cozco: Cordillera Vilcabamba, Dudley 11191 (GH). Bites 1378 (us). Puno: Lechler 2153, in part (B, E, o, K, LE, P, s). 6. Jamesonia goudotii (Hieron.) C. Chr., Index til. 373. 1905. Gymnogramma goudotii Hieron., Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 34: 476. 1904. TYPE: Colombia, Goudot (holotype, B!; photo, GH; isotype, G!; photo, GH). Stem trichomes light brown to lustrous black. Lamina narrowly clavate. broadest at the apex, the bud with erect or slightly appressed trichomes, the tomentum of the apex and rachis bicolorous, usu- ally with a patch or streak of dark trichomes. Pin- nae reniform or orbicular-cordate, inequilateral at the base, coriaceous, the adaxial surface usually glabrous, sometimes glandular, abaxial surface sparsely pubescent, stalk straight, perpendicular to the rachis, border usually extended at the vein ends, irregularly dentate or ciliate, rarely entire or nearly so, rigidly herbaceous. In grasslands and elfin forests, sometimes near glaciers, usually in wet sites, 32004800 m, Ama- zonas to Cuzco. Colombia to Peru. Jamesonia goudotii is characterized by the nar- rowly clavate lamina that is broadest at the apex and the bicolorous tomentum in that region. A single collection from Amazonas: Top of di- vide between Rio Maranon and Rio Utcubamba, 28-31 kmSWofLeimebambajalca, 17 June 1978, Gentry et al. 23168 (F, MO) is evidently a hybrid of /. goudotii and J. imbricata. Amazonas: Prov. Bagua, Cordillera de Colan, Barbour 3166 (MO). Ancash: Huascaran National Park, D. Smith 11301 (GH), Smith et al. 11655 (F), Smith et al. 12345 (F, GH). Junin: near Comas, Weberbauer 6629 (F, GH, us). Cuzco: Bues 1406 (us). 7. Jamesonia boliviensis A. F. Tryon, Contr. Gray Herb. 191: 174. 1962. TYPE: Peru, Apuri- mac, Bosques de Ampay, Vargas 1060a (ho- lotype, GH!). Stem trichomes lustrous, atropurpureous or blackish. Lamina about the same width through- out, the bud with rust-colored, patent trichomes. Pinnae orbicular-cordate or ovate-cordate, ine- quilateral at the base, rigidly herbaceous, both sur- faces pubescent, stalk straight, perpendicular to the rachis, border narrow, with capitate cilia. In woods and elfin woodlands, 3200-3400 m, Pasco and Apurimac. Peru and Bolivia. This species is unique in having the same form of indument on both surfaces of the pinnae and on the border. Pasco: Prov. Oxapampa, Santa Barbara, Foster et al. 10387 (F). Apurimac: Abancay region, Oct. 1935, V. Santander et al. (uc). 12 FIELDIANA: BOTANY 8. Jamesonia scalaris Kunze., Hot. Zeit. (Berlin) 2: 738. 1844. TYPE: Peru, (Huanuco), Pillao, Ruiz 49 (holotype, B!; photo, GH). Stem trichomes light to dark brown or atropur- pureous. Lamina about the same width through- out, the bud with tan or rust-colored, patent or slightly appressed trichomes. Pinnae ovate-cor- date, usually lobed, equilateral or nearly so at the base, herbaceous, the adaxial surface with papil- late glands, abaxial surface pubescent, sometimes tomentose, stalk straight or slightly bent, perpen- dicular to the rachis, veins extending to the mar- gin, border narrow, with capitate cilia. Shrublands and grasslands, dwarf forests, cloud forests, especially in open, wet sites, 2700-4300 m, La Libertad to Puno. Peru and Bolivia. This species is distinguished from others with equilateral and stalked pinnae by the cordate pin- nae with the stalk perpendicular to the rachis. La Libertad: Prov. Pataz, Pumatambo, Lopez & Sa- gdstegui 3435 (GH). Ancash: Prov. Yungay, Huascaran National Park, Smith el al. 9090 (F, GH). Huanuco: Punta de Panao, Asplund 13718 (GH, s). Playapampa, Macbride 4524 (F, us). Pasco: Prov. Oxapampa, Cordillera San Gutardo, Leon et al. 533 (USM). Junin: Prov. Huancayo, arriba de Chilifruta, Cerrate 5649 (USM). Huancavelica: Prov. Tayacaja, entre Marcavalle y Huachocolpa, Tovar 4230 (GH, USM). Ayacucho: Prov. La Mar. near Cusi- machay. Madison 10389(GH). Cuzco: Prov. La Conven- cion, Cordillera Vilcabamba, Dudley 11190 (GH). Prov. Paucartambo, Vargas 4322 (GH). Puno: Ayapata, Lechler 2036a (B, E, o, K, LE, P). 9. Jamesonia imbricata (Sw.) Hooker & Grev., Icon. fil. 1: 2. 1831. Stem trichomes tan to dark brown. Lamina about the same width throughout, the bud with tan, brown, or bicolorous, patent or appressed tri- chomes. Pinnae orbicular to ovate, equilateral and truncate or slightly inequilateral and somewhat cordate at the base, rigidly herbaceous, adaxial surface glandular or sometimes also with a few trichomes, rarely glabrous, abaxial surface tomen- tose, stalk usually bent or twisted and oblique to the rachis, veins extending to the margin, border moderately broad, entire or dentate and sparsely ciliate. This is a variable species with three varieties recognized by A. F. Tryon (1962). Among these, var. imbricata is known in Peru only from two collections, including the type, and var. glutinosa is known from several collections, especially from the Department of Amazonas. The other, var. meridensis A. F. Tryon, is confined to Venezuela and Colombia. Venezuela, Colombia, Ecuador, and Peru. Key to Varieties a. Stem trichomes tan to light brown, lighter than the stem surface; pinnae slightly inequilateral at the base and somewhat cordate 9a. var. imbricata a. Stem trichomes reddish to dark brown, the same color or darker than the stem surface; pinnae equilateral at the base, truncate 9b. var. glutinosa 9a. Jamesonia imbricata var. imbricata Pteris orbiculata Poiret in Lam., Encycl. 5: 710. 1804, not Houtt., Nat. Hist. 14: 108. 1783. TYPE: "Pi- rou," J. Jussieu (holotype. Herb. Jussieu no. 1 332, P!; photo, GH). Pteris imbricata Sw., Syn. fil. 102. 1806, based on Pteris orbiculata Poiret. In the jalca, 3 1 50 m, Lambayeque. Colombia, Ecuador, and Peru. Lambayeque: Prov. Ferrenafe, Laguna Tembladera, Sagdstegui et al. 12796 (uc). 9b. Jamesonia imbricata var. glutinosa (Karsten) A. F. Tryon, Contr. Gray Herb. 191: 182. 1962. Jamesonia glutinosa Karsten, Fl. Columb. 2: 85, /. 143. 1865. TYPE: Colombia. (Cundinamarca), Bogota, Monte Guadeloupe, Karsten (holotype, LE!; photo, GH). In grasslands, scrub forests, and rocky places, 3100-3700 m, Amazonas to Cuzco. Venezuela, Colombia. Ecuador, and Peru. TRYON & STOLZE: PTERIDOPHYTA OF PERU. II. 13 Ama/onas: Prov. Chachapoyas, Cordillera Calla-Cal- la, Leimebamba to Balsas, Ldpez el al. 4447, 4448 (GH). Summit of Puma-urcu, SE of Chachapoyas, Wurdack 1160 (GH, us). 28-31 km SW of Leimebamba on road to Balsas, Gentry el al. 23167 (F, MO, us). La Libertad: Prov. Bolivar, Nevada de Cajamarquilla, Ferreyra 1348 (USM). Pasco: Prov. Oxapampa, Santa Barbara, D. Smith 8125 (F, GH). Cuzco: Tinke, Humbert 30735 (GH). 10. Jamesonia blepharum A. F. Tryon, Contr. Gray Herb. 191: 190. 1962. TYPE: Peru, Huanuco, Pampayacu, Ryozo Kanehira 148 (holotype, GH!; isotype, us!). Stem trichomes lustrous, light to dark brown to atropurpureous. Lamina nearly the same width throughout or the base and apex more slender, the bud with dark brown, appressed, glutinous tri- chomes. Pinnae orbicular, equilateral at the base, rigidly herbaceous, the adaxial surface vernicose with appressed glands, abaxial surface pubescent, stalk oblique (if present), often broad and decur- rent on the adaxial surface of the rachis, veins extending nearly to the margin, border narrow, ciliate. In woods, in dwarf forests, 2700-2800 m, Huan- uco, Pasco, and Cuzco. Colombia to Bolivia. The characters in the key provide an adequate separation of this species and Jamesonia cinna- momea. It is characterized by nearly adnate pin- nae and the usually long-ciliate pinna-border. The lamina is sometimes determinate. Huanuco: Carpish, entre Huanuco y Jingo Maria, Fer- reyra 6702 (GH). Prov. Huanuco, Carpish, Hutchison el al. 5961 (GH). Pasco: Border Prov. Oxapampa and Pasco, San Gotardo, van der Werffel al. 8553, 8565 (uc). Cuzco: Valle de Lares, Bites 1908, 1824, 1914 (us). 1 1 . Jamesonia cinnamomea Kunze, Bot. Zeit. (Berlin) 2: 738. 1 844. TYPE: Colombia, Hart- weg 1516 (holotype, Herb. Shuttleworth, BM!; photos, F, GH, NY, us; isotypes, B!, BM!, G!, GH!, K!, LE!, us!). Stem trichomes lustrous tan to golden brown. Lamina nearly the same width throughout, the bud with a tomentum of rather appressed, cinnamo- meous trichomes. Pinnae orbicular, equilateral at the base, coriaceous, the adaxial surface with ap- pressed, glutinous trichomes, often vernicose, abaxial surface somewhat pubescent, stalk oblique to the rachis, veins ending well back of the margin, border usually narrow, ciliate or glandular. In the jalca area of northern Peru, 3 1 50 m, Lam- bayeque. Colombia, Ecuador, and Peru. The orbicular pinnae and usually large, reddish brown lamina bud are characteristic of this species. Rarely the lamina may be determinate. Lambayeque: Prov. Ferrenafe, Laguna Tembladera, Sagdstegui et al. 12796 (HUT). III. Pterozonium Pterozonium Fee, Mem. Soc. Mus. Nat. Hist. Strasbourg 4: 202. 1850. Also (Mem. foug. 5) Gen. fil. 37, 178. 1852. TYPE: Pterozonium reniforme (Mart.) Fee (Gymnogramma reni- formis Mart.). Figure 3. Terrestrial or usually rupestral. Stem small to stout, prostrate-creeping to erect, bearing tri- chomes, bristles, or scales. Leaves clustered or sometimes well spaced. Lamina simple, entire, or 1 -pinnate or partly 2-pinnate, glabrous to pubes- cent abaxially, veins free. Sori along the veins, short and near the vein tips to long and along most of the vein, not paraphysate, but some short tri- chomes or farina may be among the sporangia, exindusiate. Spores tetrahedral-globose, trilete, with a prominent equatorial flange, the surface nearly smooth to somewhat tuberculate or rugose. The 1 3 species of Pterozonium center on the Roraima sandstones of Venezuela, where all of the species occur. The genus is endemic to northern South America and Peru where two species grow. Reference LELLINGER, D. B. 1967. Pterozonium, in The Botany of the Guayana Highland Part 8, Mem. New York Bot. Gard., 17: 2-23. Key to Species of Pterozonium a. Lamina suborbicular to orbicular, with flabellate venation; stem with trichomes . 1. P. reniforme a. Lamina elongate, with pinnate venation; stem with scales 2. P. brevifrons 14 FIELDIANA: BOTANY -:- FIG. 3. Pterozonium reniforme: a, habit; b, portion of fertile leaf, abaxial side; c, stem trichome. (From Steyermark 60480, Venezuela, F.) I . Pterozonium reniforme (Mart.) Fee, (Mem. foug. 5) Gen. fil. 1 78. 1852. Figure 3. Gymnogramma reniformis Mart., Icon. pi. crypt. 88, /. 26. 1834. TYPE: Colombia, (Amazonas), Mt. Cupati, Rio Japura, ("Brasilia"), Martius (holo- type, M or BR; isotype, HBG; photos, GH, us; frag., us!). San Martin: Monte Guayrapurima, Tarapoto, Spruce 4641 (B, GH, K, NY). Loreto: Cerro Isco, Vie 6887 (B, p). Cuesta de Yento, near Balsa Puerto, Raimondi 25 (B). 2. Pterozonium brevifrons (A. C. Sm.) Lell., Mem. New York Hot. Card. 17: 12. 1967. Stem with yellowish to reddish brown tri- chomes. Leaf ca. 5-40 cm long, petiole dark red- dish brown to blackish, with pale ridges extending downward from the base of the lamina. Lamina coriaceous, suborbicular to orbicular, cuneate to deeply cordate at the base, with flabellate vena- tion. Sori borne along part of a vein, in a band back of the margin. Sandstone rocks, ca. 1000 m, San Martin and Loreto. Venezuela, Colombia, and Peru. Syngramma brevifrons A. C. Sm., Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 57: 178. 1938. TYPE: Venezuela, (Bolivar), Mount Roraima, Tate 421 (holotype, NY; frag., us!). Stem with dark brown rigid scales. Leaf ca. 10- 50 cm long, petiole dark reddish brown to black- ish, grooved toward its apex. Lamina coriaceous, elongate, narrowly ovate to nearly ovate, abruptly rounded to slightly cordate at the base. Sori ex- tending along most of a vein from or near the costa to back of the margin. TRYON & STOLZE: PTERIDOPHYTA OF PERU. II. 15 In rock crevices and in rocky soil, ca. 2200 m, Amazonas and San Martin. Venezuela, Colombia, and Peru. Amazonas: Prov. Chachapoyas, 3-6 km W of Moli- nopampa. Wurdack 1408 (F, GH, USM), 1409 (us). San Martin: Prov. Rioja, Pedro Ruiz-Moyobamba, D. Smith 4796 (GH). IV. Pityrogramma Pityrogramma Link, Handbuch 3: 19. 1833. TYPE: Pityrogramma chrysophylla (Sw.) Link (Ac- rostichum chrysophyllum Sw.). Figure 4. Trismeria Fee, (Mem. foug. 5) Gen. fil. 164. 1852. TYPE: Trismeria aurea Fee = Pityrogramma tri- foliata (L.) Tryon (Acrostichum trifoliatum L.). Terrestrial. Stem small to often stout, decum- bent or erect, bearing scales, especially at the apex. Leaves borne in a crown or cluster. Lamina deeply pinnatifid to 4-pinnate-pinnatifid, usually with white or yellow farinose indument abaxially, less often pubescent or rarely glabrous, veins free. Spo- rangia borne along the veins, somewhat back of the nearly unmodified margin, at maturity often confluent apparently over most of the surface, in- dusium and paraphyses absent. The 1 6 species of Pityrogramma are native to America, Africa, and Madagascar; there are 1 1 species in America and five in Peru. A few species are adventive in the Old World, especially the widely distributed P. calomelanos. Hybrids, some of them mentioned in Comments, are probably more frequent than our present information sug- gests. Reference TRYON, R. 1962. Pityrogramma (including Tris- meria) andAnogramma. Contr. Gray Herb., 189: 52-76. Key to Species of Pityrogramma a. Secondary and (if present) tertiary segments moderately or not toothed, or with broad lobes with several veins b b. Petiole with 2, or in large leaves more, vascular bundles toward the base, these roundish, oval, to C-shaped; pinnae with numerous pinnately arranged lobes or segments c c. Rachis, pinna-rachises, and petiole glabrous, farinose, or thinly and irregularly pubescent . d d. Rachis and petiole deep reddish brown to blackish e e. Pinnae equilateral; the pinnules ascending, those on the basiscopic side more strongly so than those on the acroscopic side; apical pinnae strongly ascending 1 . P. calomelanos e. Pinnae inequilateral; the pinnules on both sides of the pinna at nearly right angles to the pinna-rachis (or in large leaves the tertiary segments so disposed on the pinnule-rachis); apical pinnae nearly or quite at right angles to the rachis 2. P. tartarea d. Rachis and upper portion of the petiole, or all of it except the base, straw-colored to light brown 3. P. chrysoconia c. Rachis and pinna-rachises densely and persistently lanate-pubescent, the petiole similar but sometimes the pubescence deciduous 4. P. ferruginea b. Petiole with 2 nearly C-shaped vascular bundles toward the base, these with the central portion of each curved toward the center of the petiole; pinnae usually entire to 3-(rarely 5-7-)foliolate 5. P. trifoliata a. Secondary and tertiary segments strongly laciniate into linear lobes, each with 1 vein 6. P. pearcei 1. Pityrogramma calomelanos (L.) Link, Hand- buch 3: 20. 1833. Figure 4b-c. Leaf ca. 0.5-1 m long, its axes glabrous to thinly farinose or thinly pubescent, petiole and rachis deep reddish brown to blackish. Lamina usually narrowly lanceolate to ovate-lanceolate, to long- triangular, 1-pinnate-pinnatifid to 3-pinnate. Pin- nae equilateral, equally developed on both sides, pinnules ascending, the abaxial surface rarely gla- 16 FIELDIANA: BOTANY 5 mm 5cm FIG. 4. Pityrogramma tartarea: a. habit. Pityrogramma calomelanos: b, portion of rachis and 2 pinnae; c, ultimate segment, abaxial side, (a from Gentry el al. 39771, p, b from LI. Williams 1780, F, c from LI. Williams 2201, F.) brous, usually white, lemon yellow, bright yellow, orange-yellow, or pale roseate farinose, or pubes- cent. A plant from Dept. Huanuco, Tingo Maria, Tryon & Tryon 5242 (GH) has some leaves glabrous abaxially, others white-farinose, and one that is pubescent abaxially. Variety austroamericana and var. ochracea usu- ally grow above 1500 m, and var. calomelanos most often grows under 1 000 m. The latter is widely distributed in the American tropics and seems to TRYON & STOLZE: PTERIDOPHYTA OF PERU. II. 17 grow more rapidly and is more often an occupant of disturbed habitats than the other varieties. Some plants of Pityrogramma calomelanos are not easily distinguished from P. tartarea, and these may represent hybrids of the species. Key to Varieties a. Lamina farinose abaxially, the color white, pale yellow, or roseate, or rarely the lamina glabrous abaxially la. var. calomelanos a. Lamina farinose abaxially, the color bright yellow to orange-yellow, or lamina pubescent abaxially b b. Lamina bright yellow to orange-yellow farinose abaxially Ib. var. austroamericana b. Lamina slightly to densely pubescent abaxially, especially on the fertile segments . Ic. var. ochracea la. Pityrogramma calomelanos var. calomelanos AcrostichumcalomelanosL.,Sp.pl. 1072. 1753. TYPE: LINN 1245.19; photos, A, GH are this species. Acrostichum ebeneum L., Sp. pi. 1071. 1753. LEC- TOTYPE (designated by Tryon, Contr. Gray Herb. 189: 60. 1962): Sloane, Voy. Jamaica /. 53, f.l. Gvmnogramma calomelanos var. denudata Harr., J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 16: 37. 1877. TYPE: Peru, (Lor- eto), Pebas, Steere (holotype, K.!; photo, GH; iso- type, GH!). Pityrogramma ebenea (L.) Proctor, Brit. Fern Gaz. 9: 219. 1965. Cleared hillsides, road banks, river banks, thick- ets, and sometimes in forests or swamps, 100- 2300 m, most commonly below 1000 m, Tumbes south to Cuzco and Madre de Dios. Tropical America. In the Report of the Standing Committee on the Stabilization of Specific Names (Taxon 24: 1 7 1- 177. 1975), the earlier lectotypification of Pity- rogramma ebenea was upheld. The latter one by Proctor (of LINN 1245.14), which would make the name the correct one for Pityrogramma tar- tarea, was rejected. Tumbes: Between Tumbes and Caucho, Coronado 224 (GH, uc). Prov. Zarumilla, Bosque Nacional de Tumbes, Simpson & Schunke 462 (F, GH). Amazonas: Prov. Bagua, Aramango, Lopez el al. 4161 (GH). San Martin: 4 mi E of Tarapoto, Woytkowski 35212 (MO, uc). Lamas, near Tarapoto, LI. Williams 6360 (F, GH). Loreto: Above Pon- go de Manseriche, Mexia 6101 (F, GH, MO, uc). Iquitos, Tryon & Tryon 5167 (BM. F, GH, u, us, USM). Huanuco: Tingo Maria, Tryon & Tryon 5244 (BM, F, GH, u, us, USM). Pasco: Puerto Yessup (as Junin), Killip & Smith 26254 (F, us). Junin: La Merced, Killip & Smith 23389 (us). Ucayali: Bosque von Humboldt, Gentry el al. 36354 (F, MO). Ayacucho: Near Kimpitiriki, Killip & Smith 22958 (us). Cuzco: Valle de Marcapata, Herrera 11 99 (us). Ma- chu Picchu to Quillabamba, Mexia 8089a (uc). Rio Apu- rimac, between San Martin and Hacienda Luisiana, Da- vis el al. 1329 (F, GH). Madre de Dios: Prov. Tambopata, SSW of Puerto Maldonado, Barbour 4902 (F, MO). Par- que Nacional del Manu, Foster et al. 3409 (GH). Ib. Pityrogramma calomelanos var. austroamer- icana (Domin) Farw. Amer. Midi. Naturalist 12:280. 1931. Pityrogramma austroamericana Domin, Publ. Fac. Sci. Univ. Charles 88: 7. 1928; also in Bull. Misc. Inform. 1929: 221. TYPE: Bolivia, Mandon 1549bis (holotype, K!; photo, GH; isotype, GH!). Open rocky places, grassy slopes, clay banks, thickets, and rarely along irrigation ditches, 200- 2800 m, Piura south to Puno. Costa Rica; mountainous regions of South America, south to Argentina and Brazil. The formerly accepted name, var. aureoflava (Hooker) Bailey, has been correctly typified by a specimen of Pityrogramma chrysophylla: See- mann 945 (cited as 948), K!. Panigrahi (Kew Bull. 30: 657-667. [1975] 1976) has discussed this and it agrees with my own later study of the typification at Kew. Piura: 37 km E of Olmos, on road to Pucura, Gentry et al. 22624 (F, MO). Lambayeque: Prov. Lambayeque, Abra Porculla Pass, Hutchison & Wright 3480 (GH, us). Cajamarca: Entre Abra de Porculla y Jaen, Ferreyra 13638 (GH, USM). La Libertad: Prov. Trujillo, Hacienda Mo- chal, Sagdstegui 425 (GH). Huanuco: Between Chinchao and Puente Durand, Coronado 89 (GH, uc). Yanano, Macbride 3667 (F, us). Junin: La Merced, Soukup 2368 (F, GH), 3410 (GH, us). Ayacucho: Ayna, between Huanta and Rio Apurimac, Killip & Smith 22697 (F, GH, us). Cuzco: Near Quillabamba, Mexia 8045 (F, GH, MO, us). Potrero, 8 km W of Quillabamba, Tryon & Tryon 5365 18 FIELDIANA: BOTANY (BM, F, GH, u, us, USM). Puno: Prov. Sandia, abajo de Sandia, Ferreyra 16657 (GH). lc. Pityrogramma calomelanos var. ochracea (Presl) Tryon, Contr. Gray Herb. 189: 61. 1962. Gymnogramma ochracea Presl, Reliq. haenk. 1: 17. 1825. LECTOTYPE (designated by Tryon, Contr. Gray Herb. 189: 62. 1962): Peru, Haenke (ho- lotype, Haenke, PR Herb. 24360; photos, GH, us; probable isolectotypes, B, K.). Ceropteris adiantoides var. peruviana Hieron., Hed- wigia 48: 221. 1909. TYPE: Peru, (San Martin), Moyobamba to Rio Huallaga, Stiibel 1096 (ho- lotype, B). Pityrogramma perelegans Domin, Publ. Fac. Sci. Univ. Charles 88: 8. 1928. TYPE: Peru, (San Martin), Tarapoto, 1855-1856, Spruce (holotype, K!; pho- to, GH). Pityrogramma ochracea (Presl) Domin, Publ. Fac. Sci. Univ. Charles 88: 8. 1928. Open rocky places, river banks and road banks, cleared land, less often in thickets, in forests or at forest borders, rarely along irrigation ditches, 400- 3000 m, or in La Libertad at 50 m along an irri- gation ditch, La Libertad south to Puno. Honduras; Venezuela and Colombia, south to Bolivia. The variation in spores of this variety is unusu- al; they are often typical of the genus, with well- defined dark ridges, but sometimes they are smooth or only slightly roughened. La Libertad: Huaca del Sol, Sagdstegui 393 (GH). San Martin: Juan Jui, alto Rio Huallaga, Klug 4177 (F, GH, MO, uc). Huanuco: Tingo Maria, Tryon & Tryon 5243 (BM, F, GH, u, us, USM). Pasco: Villcabamba, Macbride 4994 (F, GH, us). Junin: La Merced, Macbride 5276 (F, us); Soukup 3411 (GH); Cerrate2833 (GH, USM). Ucayali: La Divisoria (as San Martin), Aug. 3, 1942, Ridoutt (GH, USM). Ayacucho: Estrella, between Huanta and Rio Apu- rimac, Killip & Smith 22667 (us). Cuzco: Potrero, 8 km W of Quillabamba, Tryon & Tryon 5366 (BM, F, GH, u, us, USM). Madre de Dios: Prov. Manu, Salvation to Shin- tuya, Plowman & Davis 5079 (GH). Puno: Near Puno, Soukup 449 (F). Prov. Carabaya, Puente Inambari, Var- gas 18416 (GH). 2. Pityrogramma tartarea (Cav.) Maxon, Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb. 17: 173. 1913. Figure 4a. Leaf usually 0.4-1 m long, its axes glabrous or thinly farinose or thinly pubescent, petiole and rachis deep reddish brown to blackish. Lamina long-triangular to deltoid, 1 -pinnate-pinnatifid to 3-pinnate. Pinnae inequilateral, the basiscopic side better developed, pinnules at nearly right angles to the pinna-rachis, the abaxial surface usually white, pale yellow, or bright yellow-farinose, rarely pubescent. The incorrect use of Pityrogramma ebenea (L.) Proctor for this species has been discussed under P. calomelanos. Key to Varieties a. Lamina farinose abaxially, the color white to pale yellow, rarely almost colorless or slightly pubescent abaxially 2a. var. tartarea a. Lamina farinose abaxially, the color bright yellow, or pubescent abaxially b b. Lamina bright yellow-farinose abaxially 2b. var. a u rat a b. Lamina pubescent abaxially 2c. var. jamesonii 2a. Pityrogramma tartarea var. tartarea Acrostichum tartareum Cav., Descr. pi. 242. 1802. TYPE: Peru, (Lima), near "Guamantanga" (Hua- mantanga), Nee (holotype, seen by C. Chr. at MA, Dansk Bot. Ark. 9(3): 10. 1937; the upper frag- ments of Herb. Willd. 19568-3, B!; photos, GH, us, are probably from the holotype). Gymnogramma peruviana Desv., Ges. Naturf. Freunde Berlin Mag. Neuesten Entdeck. Gesammten Na- turk. 5: 329. 1811. TYPE: Peru, Joseph deJussieu (holotype, Herb. Jussieu 1009, P!; photos, GH, us). Pityrogramma peruviana (Desv.) Maxon, Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb. 17: 173. 1913. Pityrogramma calomelanos var. peruviana (Desv.) Farw., Amer. Midi. Naturalist 12: 280. 1931. Rocky and shrubby hillsides, in crevices of rocks and on Inca walls, on cliffs, 800-4000 m, Piura south to Puno. Tropical America, south to Bolivia and Brazil. TRYON & STOLZE: PTERIDOPHYTA OF PERU. II. 19 Piura: Prov. Huancabamba, Loma Redondo, Sapa- lache-Chinguela, Sagdstegui et al. 10181 (F, MO). Arriba de Canchaque, Ferreyra 3106 (GH, USM). Lambayeque: 29 km from Olmos on road to Jaen, Correll & Smith P803 (GH). Cajamarca: Prov. Celendin, Guanambra- Sendamal. Sagdstegui et al. 12200 (F, GH). Amazonas: Prov. Chachapoyas, Cerros Calla Calla, Hutchison & Wright 4819(F, GH). I A Libertad: Prov. Pataz, Retamas, Ldpez & Sagdstegui 3604 (GH). Ancash: Prov. Yungay, entre Yungay y Llanganuco, Mostacero et al. 1380 (F, GH). Huanuco: Mito, Macbride & Featherstone 1429 (F, us). Carpish, Coronado 60 (GH, uc). Lima: Prov. Canta, 4 km from Huamantanga, Sounders 1249 (GH). Pasco: Prov. Oxapampa, Cordillera San Gotardo, Leon 515 (USM). Junin: Huacapistana, Tryon & Tryon 5429 (BM, F, GH, u, uc, USM). Cuzco: Prov. Urubamba, Cerro Ma- chu Picchu, Mexia 8086 (F, GH, us). Puno: Near Puno, Soukup 450 (F). 2b. Pityrogramma tartarea var. aurata (Moore) Tryon, Contr. Gray Herb. 189: 65. 1962. Gymnogramma tartarea var. aurata Moore, Gard. Chron. 1870: 493. TYPE: Peru, Pearce, cult. Veitch (holotype, K.!; photo, GH). Pityrogramma presliana Domin, Publ. Fac. Sci. Univ. Charles 88: 6. 1928. TYPE: Peru, Matthews 1823 (holotype, K!; photo, GH). Open places, clay banks, and among rocks, 800- 2200 m, Cajamarca south to Cuzco. Colombia south to Argentina. bey (holotype, P!; photo, GH; isotype, B!; photo, GH; frag., ex B, us!). Leaf ca. 25-80 cm long, its axes glabrous or thinly farinose, petiole (at least the apical portion) and the rachis straw-colored to light brown. Lam- ina long-triangular, 2-pinnate to 2-pinnate-pin- natifid. Pinnae inequilateral, the basiscopic side somewhat better developed, pinnules nearly at right angles to the pinna-rachis, the abaxial surface white- or yellow-farinose. Rocky and shrubby slopes and hillsides, Inca walls, 2000-3100 m, Piura to Cuzco. Costa Rica and Panama; Jamaica; Guyana to Colombia and south to Bolivia. Plants with white farina on the leaves and those with yellow farina both occur nearly throughout the range of the species and there seems to be no reason to recognize them as varieties. Piura: Prov. Ayabaca, Ayabaca, Sagdstegui & Caban- illas 8709 (HUT). Cajamarca: Prov. Celendin, La Tranca- Gelig, Sagdstegui et al. 12145 (MO, HUT). Amazonas: Prov. Chachapoyas, Calla Calla, Aguado 6789 (F). Huan- uco: Mitotambo, arriba de Mito, Ferreyra 10348 (GH, USM). Mito, Macbride & Featherstone 1393 (us). Huan- cavelica: Chuspi, Tocas, Tovar 2052 (GH, USM). Cuzco: Huadquina, Bues 13 19 (us). Prov. Urubamba, Santa Rita, Vargas 2683 (us). Cajamarca: Prov. Cutervo, La Achira, Lopez & Sa- gdstegui 5463 (GH). Huanuco: Villcabamba, Rio Chin- chao, Macbride 4995 (F, GH, us). Pasco: Prov. Oxapam- pa, Rio Boqueria, Smith et al. 1816 (MO). Junin: Chanchamayo valley, Schunke 38 (F, us). Between Hu- acapistana and San Ramon, Coronado 259 (GH, uc). Cuzco: Prov. Paucartambo, Tanamayo, Vargas 6479 (uc). Prov. Paucartambo, near Santa Isabel, Plowman & Davis 4990 (GH). 2c. Pityrogramma tartarea var. Jameson ii (Baker) Tryon, Contr. Gray Herb. 189: 66. 1962. Gymnogramma jamesonii Baker, Syn. fil., ed. 2, 516. 1874. TYPE: Ecuador, (Pichincha), Pichinchan Andes, Jameson (holotype, K!; photo, GH). Colombia and Ecuador; this variety is expected in northern Peru. 3. Pityrogramma chrysoconia (Desv.) Domin, Publ. Fac. Sci. Univ. Charles 88: 10. 1928. Acrostichum chrysoconium Desv., Mem. Soc. Linn. Paris 6: 212. 1827. TYPE: Peru, evidently Dom- 4. Pityrogramma ferruginea (Kunze) Maxon, Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb. 17: 173. 1913. Gymnogramma ferruginea Kunze, Linnaea 9: 34. 1 834. TYPE: Peru, (Huanuco), Quebrada de Chinchao, Jul. 1829, Poeppig, Diar. 1160 (holotype, not lo- cated; isotype, P!; photos, GH, us). Eriosorus ruizianus Fee, (Mem. foug. 5) Gen. fil. 152, t. 13B,f. 2. 1852. TYPE: (Not located). Leaf ca. 0.25-1 m long, its axes densely and usually persistently lanate, the petiole sometimes deciduously so, petiole and rachis atropurpureous or blackish. Lamina narrowly elliptic, 1-pinnate- pinnatifid. Pinnae equilateral, the pinnule-lobes somewhat ascending, the abaxial surface densely to rarely thinly lanate. Moist and dry cliffs, rocky banks, 750-2000 m, Huanuco and Pasco to Ayacucho. Guatemala to Panama; Peru. This is the only species of the genus in America with a markedly disjunct range. Plants of Central America are more variable than those of Peru where 20 FIELDIANA: BOTANY the lamina is narrowly elliptic and the pinnae are subsessile. Huanuco: Rio Huallaga canon, below Santo Domingo, Macbride 4261 (F, GH, us). Tingo Maria, Allard 21530 (us). Pasco: Oxapampa, Soukup 1822 (F, us), 3351 (F, GH). Junin: 8 km SW of San Ramon, Tryon & Tryon 5451 (BM, F, GH, u, uc, us, USM). Ayacucho: Between Huanta and Rio Apurimac, Killip & Smith 22482 (us). 5. Pityrogramma trifoliate (L.) Tryon, Contr. Gray Herb. 189: 68. 1962. Acrostichum trifoliatum L., Sp. pi. 1070. 1753. SYN- TYPES: LINN 1245.9, photo, A, and Sloane, Voy. Jamaica /. 45, f. 2 are both this species. Trismeria microphylla Fee, (Mem. foug. 5) Gen. fil. 165. 1852. TYPE: Peru (not located). Trismeria trifoliata (L.) Diels, Nat. Pflanzenfam. 1(4): 265. 1899. Leaf ca. 0.5-1.25 m long, its axes glabrous to thinly farinose, petiole and rachis light reddish brown to blackish. Lamina narrowly lanceolate to usually elongate, 1-2-pinnate. Pinnae equilateral or inequilateral, the pinnules, when present, as- cending, the abaxial surface glabrous or usually white- or yellow- farinose. Open rocky ground, in gravel, along road bor- ders, on river banks, along irrigation ditches, rare- ly in forests, nearly at sea level to 2300 m, Piura south to Arequipa. Tropical America. Hybrids of this species are mentioned in Com- ments. Piura: Serran to Canchaque, Ferreyra 10782 (USM). I.ambayeque: 20 km from Olmos on road to Jaen, Correll & Smith P796 (GH). Cajamarca: Prov. Contumaza, alrededores de San Benito, Sagdstegui 3740 (GH). Ama- /onas: Prov. Bagua, Chiriaco to Puente Venezuela, Bar- hour 4410 (MO). La Libertad: Trujillo, Osgood & An- derson 28 (F), 29 (F, us); Worth et al. 8887 (GH, uc, us). San Martin: Tarapoto, Spruce 4 153 (BM, GH, us). Loreto: Prov. Alto Amazonas, Andoas, Rio Pastaza, Vdsquez & Jaramillo 787 (F, MO). Huanuco: Huanuco to Muna, Mexia 4100 (GH, MO, uc, us). Lima: Chosica, Tryon & Tryon 5342 (BM, F, GH, MO, NY, u, uc, us, USM). Junin: La Merced, Killip & Smith 23496 (F, us). Ucayali: Prov. Coronel Portillo, Bosque von Humboldt, Smith et al. 1339 (F, MO). Ayacucho: Ayna, Killip & Smith 23112 (us). Apurimac: 45 km from Abancay on road to Chal- Ihuanca, Sounders 764 (GH). Cuzco: Prov. Anta, Sisal to Cunyacc, Vargas 741 1 (MO, uc). Prov. La Convention, above Sinechinete, Davis et al. 1286 (F, GH). Arequipa: Huario, below Chuquibamba, D. Stafford 1 149 (BM). 6. Pityrogramma pearcei (Moore) Domin, Publ. Fac. Sci. Univ. Charles 88: 9. 1928. Gym- nogramma pearcei Moore, Card. Chron. 1 864: 340. TYPE: Pearce cult. Veitch (Pearce 274 K! and "Gymnogramma pearcei. n.sp" K!; photos, GH, are authentic). Lamina ovate-lanceolate to long-triangular, highly dissected, to 4-pinnate, with slender ulti- mate lobes, each with 1 vein, pinnae equilateral or nearly so, glabrous. The original material of this species may have been collected in Peru. It has not been gathered again. The species has recently been collected in Costa Rica, Panama, and Colombia along dis- turbed roadsides. Comments Four hybrids have been proposed with Pityro- gramma trifoliata as one parent (Tryon, 1962). These hybrids all have the vascular bundles of P. trifoliata, at least in large leaves, and also the strongly ascending-arching pinna-stalks of that species, at least those of the lower pinnae. They also have an elongate lamina and the pinnae with numerous pinnules. Pityrogramma calomelanos var. ochracea x P. tri- foliata Petiole and rachis essentially glabrous, segments somewhat pubescent abaxially. Junin: Prov. Tarma, 3 km N of La Merced, Tryon & Tryon 5440 (GH). Cuzco: Bties 1936 (us). Prov. La Con- vencion, Chaupimayo, Bties 1433 (GH). Pityrogramma ferruginea x P. trifoliata Petiole and rachis deciduously lanate, segments sparsely lanate abaxially, pinnae irregularly pin- nate or lobed. Known from a single plant. Junin: Prov. Tarma, 10 km SW of San Ramon, Tryon & Tryon 5449 (GH). Pityrogramma calomelanos var. calomelanos x P. trifoliata and P. calomelanos var. austroamer- TRYON & STOLZE: PTERIDOPHYTA OF PERU. II. 21 FIG. 5. Anogramma leptophylla: a, habit; b, fertile lamina, abaxial side. (From Tryon & Tryon 5416, F.) it. ana x P. trifoliata are both known in Argentina and may be found in Peru. V. Anogramma Anogramma Link, Fil. spec. 137. 1841. TYPE: Anogramma leptophylla (L.) Link (Polypodi- um leptophyllum L.). Figure 5. Terrestrial. Stem very small, erect, bearing tri- chomes or trichomes and scales. Leaves borne in a cluster. Lamina to 4-pinnate, glabrous (or, in 1 species, pubescent), veins free. Sporangia in rather elongate sori on the veins, somewhat back of the unmodified margin, indusium and paraphyses ab- sent. Anogramma is a rather geographically disjunct, nearly pantropical genus of five or six species. A single species is in Peru and another may well be discovered there. The species are evidently annual, new plants arising each growing season by spores or by the growth of a dormant gametophyte. The stem is much reduced and bears only leaves of the growing season, petioles of previous years being absent. Leaf size and architecture is variable. Reference TRYON, R. M., AND TRYON, A. F. 1982. Ano- gramma, pp. 224-228, in Ferns and allied plants, Springer- Verlag, New York. Key to Species of Anogramma a. Spores dark brown; stem and usually the base of the petiole only with trichomes; lamina usually narrowly to broadly ovate, to somewhat deltoid, the ultimate lobes somewhat obtuse 1 . A. leptophylla a. Spores tan; stem and usually the base of the petiole with scales and trichomes; lamina usually ovate to often deltoid, the ultimate lobes mostly acute A. chaerophylla 22 FIELDIANA: BOTANY 1 . Anogramma leptophylla (L.) Link, Fil. spec. 1 37. 1841. Figure 5. Polypodium leptophyllum L., Sp. pi. 1092. 1 753. LEC- TOTYPE (designated by Morton, Amer. Fem J. 60: 103. 1970): LINN 1251.56; photo, A. Stem very small, bearing a few trichomes, which are usually also at the base of the petiole. Leaves to ca. 20 cm long. Lamina herbaceous, narrowly ovate to somewhat deltoid, often 2-pinnate, with bifid, obtuse lobes. Spores dark brown. Among rocks and at the edge of boulders (lomas of Dept. Lima), 350-600 m, and Inca walls (Ma- chu Picchu, Dept. Cuzco), 2200-2400 m, Lima and Cuzco. Mexico and Central America; scattered in South America; Old World east to New Zealand. Lima: Prov. Chancay, Loma Lachay, Tryon & Tryon 5416 (BM, F, OH, u, us, USM), Coronado 14 (GH, uc, us). Prov. Chancay, Loma Granados, Stork & Vargas 9333 (GH, uc). Prov. Canete, Loma Quilmana, Coronado 26 (GH, uc, us). Cuzco: Prov. Urubamba, Machu Picchu, Mexia 8083 (F, GH, MO, uc); Coronado 94 (GH, uc, us). Comments Anogramma chaerophylla (Desv.) Link is re- ported from Bolivia and is expected to grow in southern Peru. It has a wide but rather disjunct range in tropical America. It is usually a larger species than A. leptophylla, with leaves to 40 cm long. Other distinctions of the two species are pre- sented in the key. MUdella Trev., Rendic. R. 1st. Lombardo II, 9: 810. 1876. TYPE: MUdella intramarginalis (Link) Trev. (Pteris intramarginalis Link) = Cheilanthes intramarginalis (Link) Hooker. Stem erect to long-creeping, with light brown, concolorous or bicolorous to wholly dark-sclerot- ic, linear to ovate-lanceolate, usually thin scales. Leaves usually monomorphic. Petiole with 1 or 2 vascular bundles near the base, terete to adaxially sulcate or 2-ridged. Lamina 1-5-pinnate, or less often pedate and to at least 3-pinnatifid, glabrous, pubescent, scaly glandular, or white-, yellow-, or orange-farinose abaxially. Veins free or rarely anastomosing without included veinlets, ending at or near the margin, the ends not to clearly enlarged. Sporangia usually in sori at or near the vein ends, or rarely single, or in soral lines along an incom- plete to complete marginal commissure, exindu- siate, or 1-many sori covered by a slightly to well- modified marginal indusium, paraphyses absent. Spores tetrahedral-globose to globose, trilete, usu- ally cristate, sometimes rugose, verrucate, tuber- culate or echinate. Cheilanthes is a nearly worldwide genus of about 1 50 species, or perhaps more. It is especially well developed in semiarid regions, with centers of species in Mexico, the Andes, and in southern Af- rica. It is a diverse genus, with some of its elements often placed in the genera Pellaea or Notholaena. Species 1-2 1 of Notholaena in Tryon ( 1 956) and species 1-10 in Tryon (1964) are now placed in Cheilanthes. VI. Cheilanthes Cheilanthes Sw., Syn. fil. 5, 126. 1806, conserved name. TYPE: Cheilanthes micropteris Sw. Figure 6. Aleuritopteris Fee, (Mem. foug. 5) Gen. fil. 153. 1852. TYPE: Aleuritopteris farinosa (Forssk.) Fee (Pter- is farinosa (Forssk.) = Cheilanthes farinosa (Forssk.) Kaulf. References TRYON, R. 1956. A revision of the American species of Notholaena. Contr. Gray Herb., 179: 1-106. TRYON, R. 1964. The ferns of Peru. Contr. Gray Herb., 194: 88-121. TRYON, R. M., AND A. F. TRYON. 1982. Chei- lanthes, pp. 249-26 1 , in Ferns and allied plants, Springer- Verlag, New York. Key to Species of Cheilanthes a. Pinnae densely pubescent abaxially, the trichomes concealing the leaf tissue b b. Trichomes simple c TRYON & STOLZE: PTERIDOPHYTA OF PERU. II. 23 c. Pinnae 1 -pinnate, with appressed-ascending trichomes abaxially 8. C. obducta c. Pinnae pinnatifid or 2-pinnatifid at the base, tomentose abaxially d d. Stem rather slender, long-creeping; pinnae nearly deltoid; tips of the stem scales light brown 6. C. fraseri d. Stem short, compact, multicipital; pinnae nearly oblong; tips of the stem scales dark brown 7. C. bonariensis b. Trichomes stellate 9. C. mollis a. Pinnae glabrous, glandular, farinose, or thinly pubescent abaxially and the leaf tissue evident, or densely scaly abaxially and the scales concealing the leaf tissue e e. Pinnae glabrous, glandular, farinose, or thinly pubescent abaxially f f. Rachis pubescent or with trichome-like fibrils, at least adaxially g g. Rachis densely pubescent with short, stout trichomes, or with very short trichome-like processes 5. C. pruinata g. Rachis loosely pubescent with long trichomes or trichome-like fibrils h h. Rachis and pinnae long-pubescent with patent, whitish to light brown trichomes . . . . i i. Lamina with few, mostly sessile pinnae; stem scales whitish; petioles breaking evenly near their base 3. C. fractifera i. Lamina with few to many pinnae, most of the pinnae stalked; stem scales dark brown; petioles breaking irregularly 4. C. pilosa h. Rachis, at least on the adaxial side, and the pinnae somewhat pubescent, with brown, irregularly oriented trichomes and trichome-like fibrils j j. Pinna-rachises atropurpureous to blackish on the adaxial side, except sometimes greenish apically 1 . C. moritziana j. Pinna-rachises, greenish on the adaxial side, except sometimes dark at its base .... 2. C. notholaenoides f. Rachis, or the primary axis of the lamina, glabrous, glandular, or farinose k k. Lamina pedate, 3-pinnatifid at the base 15. C. concolor k. Lamina pinnate 1 1. Pinnae whitish-farinose abaxially 14. C. farinosa 1. Pinnae glabrous or with scattered sessile glands m m. Indusia confined to the segments n n. Segments with sessile glands abaxially 11. C. rufopunctata n. Segments glabrous abaxially o o. Stem scales brown, concolorous; each sorus covered by a separate indusium 10. C. orbignyana o. Stem scales bicolorous, with narrow lighter margins; many sori covered by a long, continuous indusium 13. C. poeppigiana m. Indusia extending onto the segment stalk 12. C. marginata e. Pinnae densely scaly abaxially, the scales concealing the leaf tissue p p. Petiole with 2 vascular bundles at the base; pinnae lobed or shallowly pinnatifid, with an underlayer of dissected scales on the abaxial side 23. C. sinuata p. Petiole with 1 vascular bundle at the base; pinnae 1 -pinnate or more complex, rarely pinnatifid, lacking a pronounced underlayer of dissected scales on the abaxial side q q. Stem scales bicolorous with a dark center and narrow lighter margins r r. Ultimate segments small, beadlike, suborbicular, their adaxial surface nearly glabrous 1 6. C. myriophylla r. Ultimate segments rather large, nearly oblong, often lobed, their adaxial surface sparsely hirsute with whitish, nearly rigid trichomes 17. C. cantangensis q. Stem scales light brown or yellowish to reddish brown, concolorous s s. All ultimate segments small, nearly suborbicular, or at least the basal segments of the secondary segments suborbicular; stem scales reddish t t. All segments glabrous above, the scales that more or less cover the adaxial surface borne on the abaxial surface; all segments suborbicular or nearly so .18. C. scariosa 24 FIELDIANA: BOTANY t. Segments with narrow scales and flattened trichomes adaxially to glabrate; some to several segments oblong, especially apical ones; scales abaxially not clathrate 2 1 . C. incarum s. Many or most ultimate segments nearly oblong, few or no suborbicular ones u u. Scales on the segments abaxially moderately dentate-ciliate or short-ciliate v v. Stem scales yellowish to rarely brown; lamina ca. 8-20 cm long, mostly longer than the petiole (rarely equal in length); scales on the pinnules abaxially mostly not clathrate, the surface smooth, or clathrate and the surface roughened only at the base 19. C. peruviana v. Stem scales reddish; lamina ca. 1.5-5 cm long, mostly shorter than the petiole (rarely equal in length); scales on the pinnules abaxially mostly clathrate and the surface roughened 20. C. arequipensis u. Scales on the segments abaxially freely long- or somewhat short-ciliate, not clathrate, the surface smooth; stem scales brown 22. C. lonchophylla 1 . Cheilanthes moritziana Kunze, Linnaea 23: 307. 1850. LECTOTYPE (designated by Tryon, Contr. Gray Herb. 194: 98. 1964): Venezuela, (Dist. Federal, Caracas), La Guayra, Moritz 263 (holotype, B!; photo, GH; isotype, GH!). Stem rather slender, creeping, sometimes knot- ted, scales lanceolate to lance-ovate, light brown to brown, concolorous. Leaves ca. 1 540 cm long, petiole terete, sometimes fibrillose, especially on the adaxial side, the rachis similar, lamina nar- rowly lanceolate, 2-pinnate-pinnatifid to 3-pin- nate. Pinnae only slightly pubescent on both sides. Indusium more or less crispate, continuous. Sheltered, rocky places, 1600-3400 m, Caja- marca and Amazonas to Cuzco. Venezuela to Colombia and Bolivia. The differences from the closely related C. noth- olaenoides are discussed under that species. Cajamarca: Alrededores de San Benito, Sagdstegui 3739 (GH). Celendin, Stiibel 1045 (B). Cantanoe, Celen- din to Rio Maranon, Lopez & Sagdstegui 3365 (GH, HUT). Amazonas: Leimebamba, valle de Utcubamba, Stiibel 1021 (B). San Martin: Salinas de Pilluana, Ule 6900 (B). 29 km S of Tarapoto, Gentry & Smith 45015 (F). Huan- uco: Muna, Macbride 3921 (F, us). Prov. Dos de Mayo, Chiquia, Huapalla 3649 (USM). Junin: Yungay, Woyt- kowski 6586 (MO, us). Cuzco: Yucay, Soukup 918 (F). a darker center. Leaves 10-20 cm long, petiole terete, pubescent, as is the rachis, lamina narrowly lanceolate, mostly 2-pinnate, to 2-pinnate-pin- natifid. Pinnae slightly pubescent to nearly gla- brous. Indusium rather broad, more or less cris- pate, continuous. Cliffs and rocky places, 2600-3300 m, Piura to Junin. West Indies; Mexico to Venezuela, Peru and Argentina. This species is closely related to the previous, C. moritziana; the character of the pinna-rachis given in the key provides a sufficient separation. In addition, the lamina of C. notholaenoides is rather regularly 2-pinnate and the pinnae are pin- nate nearly to the tip, while in C. moritziana the lamina is 2-pinnate-pinnatifid and the pinnae have a definite pinnatifid apex. Piura: China valley, Rauh PI 93 5 (B). Cajamarca: 52 km W of Cajamarca on road to Chilete, Correll & Smith P838 (GH). Prov. Celendin, above Balsas, road to Ce- lendin, Hutchison & Wright 5302 (GH). Pasco: Yana- huanca, Macbride & Featherstone 1242 (F, GH, us). Jun- in: Ingahuasi, between Huancayo and Izcuchaca, Tovar 3870 (GH, USM). Uspachaca, Macbride & Featherstone 1307 (F, us). 2. Cheilanthes notholaenoides (Desv.) Weath., Contr. Gray Herb. 1 14: 34. 1936. Pteris notholaenoides Desv., Mem. Soc. Linn. Paris 6: 298. 1827. TYPE: "Hispaniola" (holotype, P!; photo, GH). Stem rather slender, creeping, more or less knot- ted, scales lance-subulate, brown, with or without 3. Cheilanthes fractifera Tryon, Rhodora 62: 7, /. 7252. January, 1960. TYPE: Peru, Dept. Ayacucho, Correll & Smith PI 69 (holotype, GH!). Cheilanthes saundersii Alston, Lilloa 30: 110, /. 6. August, 1960. TYPE: Peru, Dept. Lima, Huar- ochiri, Sounders 350 (or 353 according to Saun- ders, pers. comm.) (holotype, BM; isotype(?), Sounders 353, us!). TRYON & STOLZE: PTERIDOPHYTA OF PERU. II. 25 5 mm Fl u 'n ' Cheilanthes Poeppigiana: a, habit; b, basal pinnule and portion of rachis, abaxial side. Cheilanthes my- nopnytla: c, portion of rachis and pinna, abaxial side, (a, b from Macbride 3672, F, c from Killip & Smith 21796, F). 26 FIELDIANA: BOTANY Stem short, decumbent, scales narrowly lanceo- late, light brown, concolorous. Leaves ca. 5-12 cm long, the petiole more or less grooved on the adax- ial side, the ridges rounded and concolorous with the petiole proper, thinly whitish pubescent as is the rachis, with large whitish scales at the base, lamina deltoid to broadly ovate, 2-pinnate-pin- natifid. Pinnae moderately whitish pubescent abaxially, thinly pubescent adaxially. Indusium more or less crenate or of small lobes, well mod- ified. Rocky hillsides, 1 600-2200 m, Cajamarca south to Arequipa. Endemic to Peru. This species was first discovered in 1954 by S. G. E. Saunders and since then it has been collected several times. The petiole that fractures evenly toward the base, and the large whitish scales at the base of the petiole combine to make this a dis- tinctive species among those of Peru. Cajamarca: Prov. Contumaza, Cascas-Chepate, Sa- gastegui 4482 (GH). Lima: Dist. Lange, Saunders 1050 (GH). Dist. Surco, Rimac valley, Saunders 219 (BM, GH). Rimac valley, Rauh & Hirsch PI 43 (B). Arequipa: Cerros de Caldera, Rauh & Hirsch P570 (B). Entre Characato y Yarabamba, G. & C. Miiller 12592 (GH). 4. Cheilanthes pilosa Goldm., Nov. Actorum Acad. Caes. Leop.-Carol. Nat. Cur. 19, suppl. 1 (Meyen, Obs. bot.): 455. 1843. TYPE: Peru, Meyen (holotype, B!; photos, GH, us; isotype, S-PA!). Cheilanthes macleanii Hooker, Sp. fil. 2: 93, t. 11 OB. 1852. TYPE: Andes of Peru, John Maclean (ho- lotype, K!; photos, GH, us; isotype, GH!). Cheilanthes andina Hooker, Sp. fil. 2: 115. 1852. TYPE: Andes of Peru, John MacLean (holotype, K!; photos, GH, us). Stem rather slender, short-creeping, scales lance- subulate, dark brown, rather sclerotic, with or without paler borders. Leaves ca. 10-40 cm long, petiole terete, somewhat pubescent, the rachis similar but sometimes grooved on the adaxial sur- face, lamina lanceolate to narrowly so, 2-3-pin- nate. Pinnae pubescent adaxially and more so abaxially. Indusium broad, deeply crispate or lobed. On ledges and in crevices of cliffs, 23004400 m, Ancash to Puno. Peru to Argentina. The soft, spreading trichomes on the leaf and the rigid, shining stem scales are characteristic of this species. Cheilanthes andina is a variant of C. pilosa, and their differences are perhaps related to the growth of C. andina under drier and more exposed conditions. The ultimate segments in C. andina are less expanded and thicker in texture, and the trichomes are often shorter. Two collections evidently represent a hybrid be- tween C. pilosa and C. pruninata: Cuzco, Visa- chani, Sues 1782 (GH) and Cuzco, Prov. Calca, Vargas 17409 (GH). These have, among other characters, the broad indusia of the former species and mostly the characteristic short-pubescent pet- iole and rachis of the latter species. Ancash: Chiquian, Cerrate 1548 (USM). Between Lla- mac and Jahuacocha, Cerrate 2337 (USM). Prov. Huay- las, Huascaran National Park, Smith et al. 12141 (F). Lima: Prov. Huarochiri, Wankalasila, Cerrate et al. 4412 (USM). Junin: Near Huancayo, Killip & Smith 23365 (us), Saunders 647 (GH). 15 km E of Huancayo, Tryon & Tryon 5467 (F). Huancavelica: Cerro Santa Barbara, near Huancavelica, Tovar 3117 (GH, USM). Cuzco: Cerro de Cusilluyoc, Pennell 13994 (F, GH, us). Velille, Vargas 6541 (cuz). Valle de Lares, Bues 1825 (us). Puno: Puno, Mexia 7783 (F, GH, MO, uc, us). Araranca, Pennell 13454 (F, GH, us). Sandia, Weberbauer 717 (B). 5. Cheilanthes pruinata Kaulf., Enum. fil. 210. 1824. TYPE: "Peru" (not located). Cheilanthes mathewsii Kunze, Farrnkrauter 1 : 50, t. 25. 1848. TYPE: Peru, Mathews 605 (holotype, BM!; photo, GH, this specimen, identified by Kunze, may be the holotype, or it may serve to replace the one probably destroyed at LZ). Cheilanthes fasciculata Goldm., Nov. Actorum Acad. Caes. Leop.-Carol. Nat. Cur. 19, suppl. 1 (Meyen, Obs. bot.): 456. 1843. TYPE: Peru, 9000-12000 ft., Meyen (holotype, B!; photo, GH). Stem moderately stout, creeping, multicipital, scales dark reddish brown, concolorous or with very narrow pale borders. Leaves ca. 20-50 cm long, petiole terete, short-pubescent, usually densely so, rachis terete or rarely somewhat grooved, otherwise like the petiole, lamina linear, 2-3-pinnate-pinnatifid. Pinnae deltoid, decidu- ously pubescent on both sides except along the axes and midveins abaxially. Indusium moderate- ly broad, deeply lobed, crispate, or as separate lobes on small ultimate segments. In crevices or on ledges of cliffs and in rocky soil, 2500-4400 m, Cajamarca south to Puno and Moquegua. TRYON & STOLZE: PTERIDOPHYTA OF PERU. II. 27 Peru to Argentina. The dense, very short pubescence of the petiole and rachis are especially distinctive characters. The pinnae are usually deltoid and in drying they are usually shining-varnished above. This is one of the most common and widely distributed of the Altiplano ferns. Cajamarca: Cajamarca to Cajabamba, Ferreyra 3224 (BM, GH, USM). La Libertad: Above Cachicadan, Stork & Morton 9975 (F, uc). La Manzanas, Lopez 7779 (uc, us). Ancash: Chiquian, Ferreyra 5717 (BM), 7304 (USM), Cer- rate 500 (GH, USM), 3350 (GH, USM). Huanuco: Mito, Macbride & Featherstone 1490 (F, GH, us). Panao, Fer- reyra 1943 (USM). Lima: Between Parac and Toncuyo, Coronado 314 (GH, uc). Matucana, Macbride & Feath- erstone 420 (F, us). Junin: Tarma, Killip & Smith 21807 (F, us). Near Huancayo, Killip & Smith 23362 (F, GH, us). Huancavelica: SE of Pampas, Stork & Morton 10251 (F, uc, us). Between Conaica and Laria, Tovar 920 (GH, USM). Ayacucho: Near Puquio, Ferreyra 7214 (GH, USM). Apurimac: Andahuaylas, Stork & Morton 10717 (GH; F and uc, in part). Cuzco: Near Anta, Tryon & Tryon 5362 (BM, F, MO, u, us, USM). Puno: Puno, Mexia 7780 (F, GH, MO, uc, us). Arequipa: Arequipa, Pennell 13199 (F, GH, us). 1 2 km S of Arequipa, Eyerdam & Beetle 22126 (GH, MO, uc, us ). Moquegua: Prov. Mariscal Nieto, between Torata and Carumas, Dillon et al. 3339 (F). 6. Cheilanthes fraseri Kuhn, Linnaea 36: 83. 1 869. SYNTYPES: Ecuador, Fraser, Wagner, and Peru, Ruiz & Pavon (Herb. Mett., B!, a sheet with Pavon and Wagner in a packet; photos, GH, us). Not holaena fraseri (Kuhn) Baker, Syn. fil., ed. 2, 83. 1874. Stem short- to moderately long-creeping, scales narrowly linear-subulate, entire or remotely ser- rulate, brownish, concolorous or somewhat bico- lorous. Leaves to 40 cm long, petiole about half as long as the lamina, lamina narrowly linear, pin- nate-pinnatifid or 2-pinnatifid at the base. Pinnae mostly deltoid, with the abaxial surface densely tomentose with rather coarse, matted, pale brown trichomes. Margin slightly modified. Rocky places, often shaded, 800-3500 m, Piura south to Cuzco. Ecuador to Bolivia. The differences between this species and the sometimes similar Cheilanthes bonariensis are presented in the key. Also C. fraseri has the petiole and rachis more slender than those in C. bonar- iensis and the petiole rather long, rather than short, in relation to the length of the lamina. Piura: Huancabamba, Scolnik 1435 (uc). Cajamarca: Santa Cruz, Weberbauer 4139 (B). Between San Marcos and Cajabamba, Correll & Smith P909 (GH, us). Huan- uco: Huanuco, Macbride & Featherstone 2328 (F, GH, us). Ambo, Ferreyra 6912 (GH, USM). Lima: Rimac-Tal, Rauh & Hirsch 146 (USM). Huancavelica: Prov. Tayacaja, entre Pampas y Salcabamba, Tovar 3848 (GH, USM). Ay- acucho: Prov. La Mar, San Miquel-Llausa, Velarde 4951 (GH). Apurimac: Prov. Abancay, Quisapata, Vargas 89 10 (MO, uc). Cuzco: Rio Sambray, Mexia 8055 (F, GH, MO, uc, us). Quillabamba, Stork et al. 10449 (F, GH, uc). 7. Cheilanthes bonariensis (Willd.) Proctor, Bull. Inst. Jamaica, Sci. Ser. 5: 15. 1953. Acrostichum bonariense Willd., Sp. pi. ed. 4, 5: 114. 1810. TYPE: "Bonaria" (holotype. Herb. Willd. 19537, B!; photo, GH). Pteris aurea Poiret in Lam., Encycl. 5: 710. 1804. TYPE: Peru, Joseph de Jussieu (holotype, Herb. Jussieu 1333, P!; photos, GH, us), not Cheilanthes aurea Baker, 1868. Notholaena aurea (Poiret) Desv., Mem. Soc. Linn. Paris 6: 219. 1827. Notholaena bonariensis (Willd.) C. Chr., Index fil. 6. 1905; 459. 1906. Stem short-creeping, knotted, scales lance-lin- ear, entire, brownish, somewhat bicolorous. Leaves to 60 cm long, petiole '/? as long as the lamina or less, lamina linear-elliptic, long-attenuate at the base, pinnate-pinnatifid. Pinnae oblong to deltoid- oblong, with the abaxial surface covered with a dense tawny (white when young) tomentum of fine, matted trichomes. Indusium a very narrow sub- hyaline band. On soil banks, rocky slopes, shrubby hillsides or cliffs, 1200-3800 m, Lambayeque and Ama- zonas south to Puno and Arequipa. Southwestern United States to Chile and Ar- gentina; West Indies. Cheilanthes bonariensis is one of the character- istic ferns of the Altiplano. It is usually quite dis- tinctive in the aspect of its pubescent lamina, but some variations must carefully be distinguished from C. fraseri. One collection (Cuzco, Ollantay- tambo, Hitchcock 22541, GH), is evidently a hy- brid. It has the slender petiole and rachis and the long petiole of C. fraseri and the short stem and dark scale tips of C. bonariensis. Lambayeque: 44 km from Olmos on road to Jaen, Correll & Smith P821 (GH). Cajamarca: Prov. Chota, Llama, Lopez & Sagdstegui 5310 (GH, HUT, MO). Ama- zonas: Prov. Chachapoyas, Chachapoyas-Molinopampa, Sagdstegui 6033 (GH). La Libertad: Huaranchal, Sagds- tegui 211 (GH). Ancash: Chiquian, Ferreyra 5786 (USM). 28 FIELDIANA: BOTANY Huanuco: Between Ambo and Huanuco, Ferreyra 9234, 10394 (GH, USM). Lima: Oroya RR., Safford 991 (F, GH, p, us). Junin: Vilcabamba, Tryon & Tryon 5421 (BM, F, MO, u). Huancavelica: 4 km S of Conaica, Tovar 970 (GH, USM). Ayacucho: Pampalca, Killip & Smith 22256 (F. us). Apurimac: Prov. Andahuaylas, 2 km N of An- dahuaylas. Stork <$ Horton 10716 (us). Cuzco: Calca, Vargas 3136 (F). Arequipa: Prov. Arequipa, near Las- pinas, Eyerdam & Beetle 22144 (GH, us). Puno: Sandia, Weberbauer 721 (B). On lomas, 90-100 m, Arequipa. Peru and Chile. Cheilanthes mollis is amply distinguished by its indument of stellate trichomes. Arequipa: Ocona, Ellenberg4153 (GH). Prov. Caraveli, Lomas de Atico, Hutchison & Wright 7 130 (GH). Mol- lendo, Weberbauer 1545 (B). 8. Cheilanthes obducta Kuhn, Linnaea 36: 83. 1869. TYPE: Bolivia, D'Orbigny 386 (holo- type, B!; photo, GH). Notholaena obducta (Kuhn) Baker, Syn. fil., ed. 2, 5 1 5. 1874. Stem short-creeping, scales narrowly linear, pale brown, or with a castaneous central portion and lighter margins. Leaves to 55 cm long, petiole much shorter than the lamina, terete, slightly to densely pubescent, the rachis similar, lamina lanceolate, 2-pinnate. Pinnae elongate, with the abaxial sur- face densely subappressed pubescent, the tri- chomes rather straight. Margin unmodified. Under shrubs and trees, 600 m, Cajamarca. Venezuela, Colombia, south to Bolivia and Par- aguay. The trichomes on the abaxial surface of the pin- nae are unusual, many of them having short, few- celled branches. Also, among the densely pubes- cent species, this is the only one with clearly su- bappressed pubescence. Cajamarca: Valley of the Rio Chamaya, Mesones to Muro, Hutchison 1425 (uc, us). 9. Cheilanthes mollis (Kunze) Presl, Tent, pterid. 160. 1836. 10. Cheilanthes orbignyana Kuhn, Linnaea 36: 82. 1869. TYPE: Bolivia, Prov. La Laguna, D'Or- bigny 388 (Herb. Mett., B!, is doubtless from the original material; isotype, P!; photos, GH, us). Stem erect, moderately stout, scales lanceolate or narrowly so, brown to dark brown, concolorous, semisclerotic. Leaves ca. 25-50 cm long, petiole shallowly grooved on the adaxial side, at least to- ward the apex, flat to convex between the small, rounded ridges that are concolorous with the pet- iole proper, glabrous or nearly so, rachis similar but the ridges somewhat lighter in color and rather sharp, lamina narrowly ovate, 3-pinnate-pinnati- fid to 4-pinnate. Pinnae glabrous to slightly glan- dular. Indusium suborbicular to lunate, well mod- ified. Among rocks, 2750-2860 m, Cajamarca and Lima. Peru and Bolivia. Evidently this is a rare species but it should be found in the mountains south of Lima. Cajamarca: Prov. Contumaza, Guzmango, Sagdstegui 2937 (F, GH, us), 1 1435 (F, MO). Prov. Contumaza, La Herilla (Guzmango), Sagdstegui et al. 97/0(MO,uc). Prov. Cajamarca, Las Quinas-Huatum, Sagdstegui etal. 10132 (HUT, MO, uc). Lima: Bosque de Zarate, San Bartolome, Valencia & Franke 666 (F). Notholaena mollis Kunze, Linnaea 9: 54. 1834. TYPE: Chile, (Valparaiso), near Valparaiso, Playa An- cha, Poeppig (holotype, LZ destroyed). Stem short-creeping, knotted, scales narrow-lin- ear, entire, concolorous or bicolorous. Leaves to 30 cm long, petiole usually shorter than the lam- ina, terete, slightly to densely pubescent, the rachis similar, lamina lanceolate, to 3-pinnate. Pinnae with the abaxial surface densely covered with whitish to ferrugineous, stalked, stellate tri- chomes, ultimate segments small, many suborbi- cular. Margin unmodified, strongly revolute. 11. Cheilanthes rufopunctata Rosenst., Meded. Rijks-Herb. 19: 9. 1913. TYPE: Bolivia, (La Paz), Araca, Herzog 2366 (holotype, not lo- cated; frag, ex Rosenst., us!; isotype, L; photo, GH). Stem creeping, often knotted, scales lanceolate, long-triangular, reddish brown, wholly sclerotic. Leaves ca. 15-35 cm long, petiole grooved on the adaxial side, at least toward the apex, deeply sul- cate between the relatively large, rounded ridges which are concolorous with the petiole, glabrous, TRYON & STOLZE: PTERIDOPHYTA OF PERU. II. 29 rachis grooved and glabrous, with green wings to- ward the apex, lamina long-deltoid to broadly lan- ceolate, 3-pinnate to 3-pinnate-pinnatifid. Pinnae glabrous on both sides, except for usually numer- ous reddish, sessile glands, especially abaxially. Indusium broad, crispate, well modified. Rock crevices, 2600-4000 m, Lima to Puno. Peru and Bolivia. Cheilanthes glauca (Cav.) Mett. of Chile seems closely related to this species. It has a pentagonal lamina, and the segments are thickly beset beneath with short, dark trichomes. Lima: Prov. Canta, arriba de San Jose, Miiller et al. 12474 (GH). Matucana, Macbride & Featherstone 285 (F, GH, us). Junin: Huancayo, Kunkel 482 l h (GH). I luan- cavelica: Near Conaica, Tovar 316 (GH, us, USM). Cuzco: Valle de Lares, Soukup 29 (F, us). Calca, Vargas 4004 (cuz, uc, us). Puno: Near Puno, Vargas 29 (MO), Soukup 29 (uc). 12. Cheilanthes marginata H.B.K., Nov. gen. sp. 1: 22. 1815. TYPE: Ecuador, (Pichincha), Quito, Penipe, Humboldt & Bonpland (ho- lotype, P!; photo, GH). Stem short-creeping, somewhat multicipital, scales ovate-lanceolate, attenuate, dark brown, sclerotic. Leaves ca. 8-25 cm long, the petiole sul- cate, the ridges rounded, concolorous with the pet- iole, somewhat scaly, rachis sulcate, with green wings on the adaxial side above the base, lamina broadly deltoid to lanceolate, mostly 3-pinnate. Pinnae glabrous, ultimate segments stalked or nar- rowed at the base. Indusium glandular-fimbriate, continuous along the margins and decurrent onto the axes of the pinnules and pinnae. On cliffs, among rocks, and in rocky soil, 2200- 4000 m, Piura to Puno. Venezuela and Colombia, south to Argentina. The unusual condition of the indusium, which extends from the segments along their stalks and along the pinna-rachis, mark this as one of the most distinctive species of the genus in Peru. Piura: Prov. Ayabaca, Ayabaca, Sagdstegui et al. 7804 (MO). Cajamarca: Cajamarca to Chilete, Ferreyra 3294 (USM). El Puquio, Guzmango, Sagdstegui 3918 (GH). La Libertad: Huaranchal, Sagdstegui 207, 2664 (GH). An- cash: E of Huasta. Cerrate 2264 (USM). Huanuco: Mito, Macbride 3226 (F, GH, us). Pasco: Between Salcachupan and Cerro de Pasco, Ferreyra 6619 (GH, USM). Junin: Huancayo, Kunkel 48 1 (GH). Huancavelica: Colcabamba to Paurcarbamba, Tovar 1969 (USM). Ayacucho: Pam- palca, Killip & Smith 22234 (us). Cuzco: Machu Picchu, Tryon & Tryon 5401 (BM, F, MO, u, us, USM). Puno: Sandia, Soukup 157 (F), Weberbauer 718 (B). 13. Cheilanthes poeppigiana Kuhn, Linnaea 36: 84. 1869. SYNTYPES: Peru, Poeppig, and Bolivia, Cuming. (Cumingin Herb. Mett., B!, is determined by Mettenius as Cheilanthes poeppigiana and is doubtless part of the orig- inal materials.) Figure 6a-b. Stem small, short, scales subulate-lanceolate with a dark brown sclerotic central portion and paler, thinner borders. Leaves ca. 8-35 cm long, petiole grooved on the adaxial side, the ridges rounded, concolorous with the petiole proper, slightly scaly to glabrate, rachis similar, but with narrow green wings on the adaxial side, at least toward the apex, lamina oblong-lanceolate to deltoid, pinnate-pin- natifid to 2-pinnate-pinnatifid. Pinnae glabrous, pinnules adnate to somewhat narrowed at the base. Indusium continuous, intramarginal, well modi- fied. Crevices of cliffs or of Inca walls, among rocks in ravines and on shrubby slopes, 150-3000 m (usually at 1 700-2200 m), Tumbes to Puno. Ecuador to Argentina. Small plants of this species may have a lanceo- late lamina; large ones have an ovate to broadly triangular one. The ultimate segments are rela- tively broad and herbaceous with a broadly at- tached base. Tumbes: Between Tumbes and Cancho, Coronado 226 (GH, uc). Prov. Zarumilla, El Cancho, J. Schunke V. 3031 (F, GH, us). Lambayeque: Entre Beatita de Humay y km 38 (Carretera Olmos-Maranon), Lopez et al. 4042 (GH). Cajamarca: Entre Cascas y Contumaza, Lopez el al. 3725 (F, GH). La Libertad: Huaranchal, Sagdstegui 194 (GH). Huanuco: Piedra Grande, Macbride 3672 (F). Junin: Hu- acapistana, Tryon & Tryon 5436 (BM, F, MO, u, us, USM). Cuzco: Machu Picchu, Tryon & Tryon 5396 (BM, F, MO, u, us, USM). Puno: Sandia, Weberbauer 566 (B). 14. Cheilanthes farinosa (Forssk.) Kaulf., Enum. fil. 212. 1824. Pteris farinosa Forssk., Fl. aegypt.-arab. 187. 1775. TYPE: Forsskal (holotype, not located; isotype, BM!). Aleuritopteris peruviana Saiki, J. Phytogeog. Tax. 32: 89. 1984. TYPE: Peru, (Huanuco), Muna, Bryan 555 (holotype, F!; isotype, us!). 30 FIELDIANA: BOTANY Stem rather stout, very short-creeping, decum- bent to nearly erect, scales narrowly long-trian- gular, brown, semisclerotic, concolorous. Leaves ca. 10-70 cm long, petiole terete to grooved on the adaxial side, the ridges rounded, concolorous with the petiole proper, slightly scaly or not, gla- brous to farinaceous, rachis grooved on the adaxial side, glabrous to farinaceous, lamina long-trian- gular to ovate-triangular or narrowly so, pinnate- pinnatifid to 2-pinnate-pinnatifid. Pinnae gla- brous to somewhat farinose on the adaxial surface, conspicuously to densely white-farinose abaxially. Indusium crispate, lobed, more or less continuous, well modified. Rocky places, ca. 2000 m, Huanuco, Junin, and Cuzco. West Indies; Mexico to Peru; Old World. This is a most distinctive species because of the white-farinose covering of the segments which is especially evident on their under surface. Saiki (op. cit.) recognized segregate species from Cheilanthes farinosa sens. lat. in the genus Aleu- ritopteris, along with some species of Notholaena. The scattered distribution of C. farinosa in Amer- ica suggests that it was introduced from cultivated plants. It probably does represent a complex but this needs more careful study, especially of cyto- logical and chemical characters. Junin: near Huacapistana, Tryon & Tryon 5435 (F). Cuzco: Nevada Sallcantay, Bites 986 (us). 15. Cheilanthes concolor (Langsd. & Fisch.) R. & A. Tryon, Rhodora 83: 133. 1981. var. con- color. Pteris concolor Langsd. & Fisch., Icon. fil. 19, /. 21. 1810. TYPE: Archipelago Marquesas, Nucahiva Island (Nukuhiva or Nuku Hiva), Langsdorff(ho- lotype, LE?; isotype, Herb. Willd. 19961-1, u!; photo, GH). Doryopteris concolor (Langsd. & Fisch.) Kuhn in Decken, Reisen Ost-Afrika 3(3): 19. 1879. Stem rather short and stout, scales usually ovate- lanceolate, brown, strongly bicolorous. Leaves ca. 5-35 cm long, petiole usually sulcate or with lateral wings on the adaxial side, especially toward the apex, glabrous or very slightly pubescent, lamina pedate, pentagonal to suborbicular, usually 2-3- pinnatifid. Pinnae essentially glabrous on both sides. Indusium well modified, rather continuous along the fertile margin. Rocky places and clay banks, 750-2000 m, Ca- jamarca, San Martin, and Cuzco. Tropical America; Old World. The pedate lamina is a distinctive character of this species among the Peruvian ones. All Amer- ican plants belong to var. concolor. Variety kirkii is in Africa, India, and Ceylon. Cajamarca: Jaen, Feb. 17, 1954, R. Cerron (GH, uc, us). San Martin: Tarapoto, Li Williams 5451 (F, GH), Spruce 4045 (GH, K). Cuzco: Valley of the Vilcanota, Mexia 8053 (GH, MO, uc, us). Potrero, Tryon & Tryon 5375 (BM, F, GH, MO, u, uc, us, USM). 16. Cheilanthes myriophylla Desv., Ges. Naturf. Freunde Berlin Mag. Neuesten Entdeck. Ges- ammten Naturk. 5: 328. 1811. TYPE: Peru (holotype, Herb. Desvaux, P!; photos, GH, us). Figure 6c. Cheilanthes elegans Desv. Ges. Naturf. Freunde Ber- lin Mag. Neuesten Entdeck. Gesammten Naturk. 5: 328. 1811. TYPE: "Chile" (holotype, Herb. Desvaux, P!; photo, GH; a portion of a pinna, probably from Peru: J. Jussieu, Herb. Jussieu 1438, P!; photos, GH, us). Stem moderately stout, short-creeping, multi- cipital, scales lance- subulate, with a dark, sclerotic central portion and paler margins. Leaves ca. 1 5- 40 cm long, petiole terete, scaly, as is the rachis, lamina lanceolate to lanceolate-oblong, or narrow- ly so, to 4-pinnate. Pinnae densely scaly abaxially, nearly glabrous adaxially, the ultimate segments small, suborbicular. Indusium more or less mod- ified, rather continuous. Rocky soil, shrubby hillsides, and cliffs, 1550- 3250 m, Piura to Puno and Arequipa. Hispaniola; Mexico to Colombia and Venezue- la, south to Chile; Brazil. This species is characterized by its small, bead- like ultimate segments that are readily visible on the adaxial side of the lamina and usually not com- pletely concealed by the scales on the abaxial side. The narrow scales on the petiole and rachis su- perficially resemble matted trichomes. It is one of the most common and widely distributed of the ferns on the Altiplano. Piura: Huancabamba, Scolnik 1436 (uc, us). Caja- marca: Prov. Contumaza, Jalca de Nanra, Sagdstegui 3891 (GH). Amazonas: Prov. Chachapoyas, Rio Sonche, near Sonche, Wurdack 1544 (F, GH, uc, us). La Libert ad: Trujillo to Otusco, Sounders 896 (F, GH). Ancash: Chi- TRYON & STOLZE: PTERIDOPHYTA OF PERU. II. 31 quian, Cerrate 546 (USM). Huanuco: Acomayo, Tryon & Tryon 5328 (BM, F, MO, u, us, USM). Lima: Chancay, E of Sayan, Goodspeed 33032 (GH, MO, uc, us). Pasco: Solomon 3036 (F, MO). Junin: Vilcambamba, Tryon & Tryon 5420 (BM, F, GH, MO, u, us, USM). Huancavelica: N of Pampas, Stork & Horton 10242 (F, GH, MO, uc). Ayacucho: Ayacucho, West 3641 (MO, uc). A pur i mac: Challhuanca, Sounders 772 (GH). Cuzco: Anta, Tryon & Tryon 5363 (BM, F, MO, u, us, USM). Arequipa: 1 4 km N of Arequipa, Eyerdam & Beetle 22164 (GH, MO, uc, us). Puno: Sandia, Weberbauer 724 (B). 17. Cheilanthes cantangensis (Tryon) Tryon, comb. nov. Notholaena cantangensis Tryon, Rhodora 63:81. 1 96 1 . TYPE: Peru, Dept. Cajamarca, Prov. Celendin, Cantange, Lopez & Sagdstegui 3366 (holotype, GH!). Stem short, scales lanceolate, with a dark, scle- rotic central portion and brown, pectinate-serru- late margins. Leaves 10-15 cm long, petiole terete or subterete, somewhat scaly, the rachis similar, lamina lanceolate-elliptic, 2-pinnate-pinnatifid. Pinnae with the abaxial surface covered with nar- rowly ovate-lanceolate scales, the adaxial surface moderately pubescent with rather short, thick, and rigid trichomes. Margin slightly modified. Among rocks, 1450 m, Cajamarca. Endemic to Peru. This rare species is characterized by the short, rigid trichomes on the adaxial surface of the seg- ments. It is known only from the type collection. reddish brown. Leaves ca. 8-15 cm long, petiole densely scaly, terete, as is the rachis. Lamina linear to rather narrowly elliptic, 3-pinnate. Pinnae densely scaly abaxially, the scales and especially their tips curving over the glabrous adaxial surface and concealing it, ultimate segments small, su- borbicular or nearly so. Margin strongly recurved, only slightly, if at all, modified. Exposed calcareous rocky places and cliffs, 2700- 4300 m, La Libertad to Puno. Peru and Bolivia. This species is unusual in that the adaxial sur- face of the ultimate segments is nearly concealed by the scales on the abaxial surface curving to the upper surface. Some of the scales on the rachis have such strongly curved auricles that they give the appearance of a small scale attached at the base. This and the next four species form a distinctive group, along with Cheilanthes squamosa of Bolivia and Argentina. They all have rather similar scaly leaves and prominently verrucate spores. La Libertad: Yanazara to Huaquil, Lopez & Sagds- tegui 3395 (GH). Ancash: Mahuay, Cerrate 2200 (USM). Laguna de Palagatos, Lopez 2388 (HUT). Lima: Matu- cana, Macbride & Featherstone 424 (F, us), Goodspeed 11347 (GH, uc). Pasco: 95 km S of Huanuco, road to Cerro de Pasco, Gentry et al. 37495 (F, MO). Junin: Near Tarma, Tryon & Tryon 5457 (BM, F, GH, MO, u, us, USM). Huancavelica: SE of Conaica, Tovar 113 (GH, MO, us). Apurimac: Prov. Andahuaylas, Vargas 8792 ( cuz, uc). Cuzco: Pisaj, Vargas 23239 (GH). Puno: Pucara, Weber- bauer 425 (B). 18. Cheilanthes scariosa (Sw.) Presl, Reliq. haenk. 1: 65. 1825. Acrostichum lanuginosum Willd., Schrift. Acad. Er- furt, 1802: 31, /. 3,f. 4, not Desf. 1800. TYPE: Peru, Malaspina Exped. (holotype. Herb. Willd. 19554-1, B!; photos, GH, us). Acrostichum scariosum Sw., Syn. fil. 16. 1806, nom. nov. for A. lanuginosum Willd. (not Desf.) and with the same type. Cheilanthes ornatissima Maxon, Smithsonian Misc. Coll. 65(8): 3. 1915. TYPE: Peru, (Lima), moun- tains back of Lima, Safford 996 (holotype, us!; isotypes, F!, GH!, MO!, uc!, us!). Cheilanthes tripinnata Copel., Univ. Calif. Publ. Bot. 19: 301, /. 58. 1941. TYPE: Peru, Dept. Apuri- mac, Chincheros to Andahuaylas, West 3724 (ho- lotype, uc!). Stem rather stout, very short-creeping, multi- cipital, scales long and filiform, concolorous, light 19. Cheilanthes peruviana (Desv.) Moore, Index fil. 250. 1861. Notholaena peruviana Desv., Mem. Soc. Linn. Paris 6: 220. 1827. TYPE: Peru, Dombey (holotype, P!; photos, GH, uc, us; frag., B!). Notholaena sinuata var. bipinnata Hooker, Sp. fil. 5: 108. 1864. TYPE: Peru, (Huanuco), "Andes of Peru", Banos, Brackenridge (Wilkes, Explor. Exped.) (holotype, K!; photos, GH, us). Notholaena brackenridgei Baker, Syn. fil. 371. 1868. TYPE: the same as for N. sinuata var. bipinnata. Stem erect, stout, scales linear-ligulate, long-at- tenuate, margins entire or nearly so, brown, con- colorous. Leaves to 30 cm long, the petiole terete, scaly, the rachis similar, lamina narrowly lanceo- late, not narrowed below, 2-3-pinnate, with some pinnules lobed. Pinnae with the abaxial surface densely covered with dark brown, lanceolate to 32 FIELDIANA: BOTANY ovate, somewhat pectinate-serrulate scales. Mar- gin modified, narrow. In soil and on rocks of lomas, and on exposed rocky slopes, 300-3900 m, Lambayeque to Mo- quegua. Endemic to Peru. This and the next species are closely related and may be separated by the characters mentioned in the key. The two perhaps are not distinct species. Lambayeque: 44 km from Olmos on road to Jaen, Correll & Smith P822 (GH, us). Cajamarca: El Puquio, Guzmango, Sagdstegui 3913 (GH). La Libertad: Prov. Otuzco, Huaranchal, Lopez et al. 2665 (GH). Ancash: Prov. Huaraz, 10 km from Cachabamba, Smith & Bud- densiek 10896 (F). Lima: Above San Bartolome, Ferreyra 9742 (GH, USM). Arequipa: Lomas de Capac, Coronado 39 (GH, uc, us). Lomas de Chaparra, Ferreyra 11968 (GH, USM). Moquegua: Ilo, D. Stafford 933 (BM). 20. Cheilanthes arequipensis (Maxon) R. & A. Tryon, Rhodora 83: 133. 1981. Notholaena arequipensis Maxon, Smithsonian Misc. Coll. 65(8): 9. 1915. TYPE: Peru, (Arequipa), near Arequipa, Rose & Rose 18797 (holotype, us!; photo, GH). Stem erect or ascending, scales linear, long-at- tenuate, distantly denticulate with ascending teeth, reddish brown, concolorous. Leaves to 8 cm long, petiole terete, scaly, as is the rachis, lamina del- toid-oblong, 2-pinnate, the pinnules hardly if at all lobed. Pinnae with the abaxial surface densely covered with large, ovate-oblong, long-acuminate, light reddish brown, erose-denticulate scales. Margin somewhat revolute, unmodified. Rocky places and crevices of rocks, 2200-3300 m, Lima and Arequipa. Central Peru to northern Chile and northwest- ern Argentina. This species is close to Cheilanthes peruviana and it is sometimes difficult to distinguish the two. The small leaves with strongly clathrate and roughened scales abaxially and the reddish stem scales are especially distinctive features. Lima: Prov. Huarochiri, Dist. San Mateo, Sounders 621 (F). Arequipa: Arequipa, R. S. Williams 2638 (GH, NY, us), Pennell 13198 (B, F, GH, us). Yura, Vargas 8019 (uc). Quebrada de San Lazaro, Munz 15500 (GH). El Misti, D. Stafford 570 (BM). 21. Cheilanthes incarum Maxon, Smithsonian Misc. Coll. 65(8): 5.1915. TYPE: Peru, (Cuz- co), Cuzco, Rose& Rose 19061 (holotype, us!). Stem rather stout, short-creeping, multicipital, scales reddish, subulate, attenuate to a capillary tip. Leaves 10-25 cm long, the petiole densely scaly, terete, as is the rachis, lamina 2-3-pinnate, linear-lanceolate. Pinnae densely covered with scales abaxially, these not clathrate, with a few readily deciduous ones adaxially, the apical ulti- mate segments mostly ovate-deltoid, or oblong, the basal ones of secondary segments nearly su- borbicular, their adaxial surface only partially con- cealed by the tips of the scales from the abaxial surface. Indusium rather narrow, more or less con- tinuous. Exposed rocky places, 2600-4100 m, Huancav- elica to Puno. Peru and northwestern Argentina. In general appearance this species is similar to Cheilanthes scariosa, but may be separated by the characters mentioned in the key. Huancavelica: Mejorada, Tovar 1014 (GH, USM). Apu- rimac: 5 km N of Huacapistana, West 3903 (uc). Prov. Ayacha, 70 km N of Mejorada, Hutchison 1690 (GH). Cuzco: Saxihuaman, Tryon & Tryon 5343 (BM, F, GH, MO, u, us, USM). Puno: Capachia Peninsula (Lake Titi- caca), Tut in 1032 (BM). 22. Cheilanthes lonchophylla (Tryon) R. & A. Tryon, Rhodora 83: 133. 1981. Notholaena lonchophylla Tryon, Contr. Gray Herb. 179: 19. 1956. TYPE: Peru, Mat hews 610 (ho- lotype, K!; photo, GH). Stem short, horizontal or ascending, scales lin- ear-ligulate, sparingly antrorsely denticulate, brownish, concolorous. Leaves to 30 cm long, pet- iole terete, scaly, the rachis similar, lamina lan- ceolate or narrowly so, pinnate-pinnatifid to 2- pinnate-lobed. Pinnae with the abaxial surface densely covered with pale brown to whitish, lin- ear-subulate, long-acuminate, pectinate-dentate scales. Margin unmodified. Rocky places, 2850-2950 m, Cajamarca. Endemic to Peru. This rare species is characterized by narrow scales with relatively long marginal cilia on the pinnae beneath. TRYON & STOLZE: PTERIDOPHYTA OF PERU. II. 33 Cajamarca: Canyon of the Rio Maranon, above Bal- sas, Hutchison & Wright 5297 (uc, frag. GH). Prov. Ce- lendin, 20 km de Bagua, Aguado 6791 (GH, HUT), Mos- tacero el al. 881 (HUT). Prov. Contumaza, Lopez & Sagdstegui 7653 (HUT). 23. Cheilanthes sinuata (Sw.) Domin, Biblioth. Hot. 85: 133. 1913, var. sinuata. Acrostichum sinuatum Sw., Syn. fil. 14. 1806. TYPE: Peru, "Squamaria sinuata" Lagasca Herb, (ho- lotype, Swarlz Herb., s!). Notholaena tectaria Desv., Mem. Soc. Linn. Paris 6: 219. 1827. TYPE: Peru (holotype, Desvaux Herb., P!; photos, GH, us; isotypes(?): Tarma, Dombey "N. tectaria Desv." ex Desvaux, B!; Tarma, Dom- bey, BM!). Notholaena sinuata (Sw.)Kau\f.,Enum. fil. 135. 1824. Stem short, horizontal, scales linear to linear- subulate, pectinate-ciliate to entire, brownish, concolorous. Leaves to 45 cm long, petiole terete, scaly, the rachis similar, lamina linear, pinnate- pinnatifid. Pinnae with the abaxial surface thickly covered with castaneous or pale brown, deltoid to lanceolate, acuminate, short-fimbriate scales, these overlying a tomentum of smaller scales dissected into long capillary processes. Margin unmodified. Crevices of rocks, rocky banks and hillsides, 1000-3000 m, Piura to Amazonas and south to Arequipa. Southwestern United States south to Argentina; Hispaniola. This species is especially distinguished by the two vascular bundles near the base of the petiole; other American species of Cheilanthes have a sin- gle bundle. The var. sinuata occurs throughout the range of the species; other varieties occur in the southwestern United States and Mexico. Piura: Cerro Prieto, 20 miles E of Cape Parinas, Haught 187 (us). Lambayeque: 20 km from Olmos on road to Jaen, Correll & Smith P795 (GH, us). Cajamarca: Prov. Contumaza, entre Cascas y Contumaza, Lopez et al. 3687 (GH). Amazonas: Tambo de Carrizal, Stubel 1041, in part (B). La Libertad: Huaranchal, Sagdstegui 210 (GH). An- cash: S of Chiquian, Cerrate 7589 (USM). Huanuco: Mito, Macbride & Featherstone 2310 (F, GH, us). Lima: Santa Eulalia. Goodspeed 1 1307 (GH, MO, uc, us). Junin: Tar- ma, Ferreyra 530 (GH, USM). Ayacucho: Nasca to Puquio, Correll & Smith P171B (LL). Cuzco: Quillabamba, Stork et al. 10449 (MO). Arequipa: Tiabaya, Pennell 13071 (F, GH). Comments Cheilanthes buchtienii (Rosenst.) Tryon, comb, nov. (Notholaena buchtienii Rosenst., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 5: 238. 1908) occurs in Argentina and Bolivia and may well be discovered in south- ern Peru. It is similar to Cheilanthes fraseri but is a more robust species, with larger median pinnae that are lanceolate to deltoid-lanceolate, while in C. fraseri the median pinnae are small and deltoid. Cheilanthes hypoleuca (Kunze) Mett. of Chile was considered to occur in Peru (as Notholaena tomentosa Desv.) by Pichi-Sermolli (Webbia 8: 186-190. 1951) on the basis of two collections of W. Lobb, both at BM!: "Andes of Peru, W. Lobb and Huanico (Huanuco?) Peru, W. Lobb." There are no modern collections of this species from Peru and its presence requires confirmation. The species may occur in southern Peru. It is similar to Chei- lanthes fraseri but has a strongly sulcate petiole and rachis, while C. fraseri has the petiole and rachis terete. Cheilanthes rigida (Sw.) Domin was correctly indicated as from "Nova Hispania" (Mexico) by Swartz (Syn. fil. 104. 1806, as Pteris rigida) and erroneously from Peru by Swartz (Syn. fil. 299. 1806). Cheilanthes squamosa Hooker & Grev. was re- ported from the Capachica Peninsula, Lake Titi- caca, Puno by Tryon ( 1 964). Further study of the specimen (Tutin 1032, BM) indicates that it is Chei- lanthes incarum. Cheilanthes squamosa of Bolivia and Argentina is characterized by long, brown, piliform scales on the adaxial surface of the seg- ments. VII. Adiantopsis Adiantopsis Fee, (Mem. foug. 5) Gen. fil. 1 45. 1 852. TYPE: Adiantopsis paupercula (Kunze) Fee (Adiantum pauperculum Kunze). Figure 7. Terrestrial. Stem erect or decumbent and short- creeping, rarely slender and long-creeping, bearing scales. Leaves monomorphic, ca. 10-80 cm long, usually borne in a cluster, petiole with 1-3 vascular bundles near the base, it and the lamina axes 2- ridged adaxially. Lamina usually 1 4-pinnate, or ternate, radiate or pedate, glabrous or somewhat short-pubescent abaxially, veins free. Sori sepa- rate on the vein ends, 1 (rarely 2) covered by a 34 F1ELDIANA: BOTANY FIG. 7. Adiantopsis radiata: a, habit, b, ultimate segment, abaxial side; c, portion of axis and bases of segments, adaxial side, (a from Schmalz s.n., Brazil, F, b, c from Bues s.n., F.) TRYON & STOLZE: PTERIDOPHYTA OF PERU. II. 35 lunate to roundish marginal indusium, paraphyses absent. Spores tetrahedral-globose. trilete, echi- nate. Adiantopsis is a small tropical American genus of about seven species, two of them in Peru. Dis- tinctive features of the genus are the thin, brown ridges on each side of the lamina axes on the adax- ial surface, and the echinate spores. In Tryon ( 1 964) these species were treated in the genus Chei- lanthes. References TRYON, R. 1 964. The ferns of Peru. Contr. Gray Herb., 194: 98-99. TRYON, R. M., AND A. F. TRYON. 1982. Adian- topsis, pp. 266-270, in Ferns and allied plants, Springer- Verlag, New York. Key to Species of Adiantopsis a. Lamina pinnate a. Lamina radiate or ternate 1. A. chlorophylla . . 2. A. radiata 1 . Adiantopsis chlorophylla (Sw.) Fee, (Mem. foug. 5) Gen. fil. 145. 1852. Cheilanthes chlorophvlla Sw., Kongl. Vetensk. Acad. Handl. 1817: 76. TYPE: Brazil, (Minas Gerais), Villa Rica, Freyreis (holotype, Herb. Swartz, s!; photo, us). Stem compact to creeping, scales narrowly lan- ceolate to subulate, bicolorous, with a dark, scle- rotic central portion and light, thin margins. Leaves ca. 15-80 cm long, petiole with a light-colored submembranous ridge on each side of the adaxial surface, at least toward the apex, glabrate or gla- brous, the rachis similar. Lamina elongate-trian- gular, 2-3-pinnate-pinnatifid, pinnae glabrate to glabrous. Indusium suborbicular to elongate, well modified. In shady woods, 850-2800 m, Cuzco. Guatemala; Colombia south to Argentina, and Brazil. This species is evidently rare in the Andes from Colombia to Peru, although rather common in Argentina and Brazil. The pinnate lamina archi- tecture readily separates it from A. radiata, the other Andean species. Cuzco: Prov. La Convencion, Rio Chaupimayo, Sou- kup806 (F). Prov. La Convencion, Hacienda Sahuayaco, Vargas 1659 (GH). Torontoy, Herrera 1332 (us). 2. Adiantopsis radiata (L.) Fee, (Mem. foug. 5) Gen. fil. 145. 1852. Figure 7. Adiantum radiatum L., Sp. pi. 1094. 1753. TYPE: LINN 1252.1 (photo, A, is this species). Cheilanthes radiata (L.) John Sm., J. Hot. (Hooker) 4: 159. 1841. Adiantopsis ternata Prantl, Gartenfl. 32: 101. 1893. TYPE: Venezuela, Orinoco-gebiet, Humboldt (holotype, B!; photo, GH). Stem erect to decumbent, often rather stout, scales subulate, bicolorous, with a dark, sclerotic central portion and lighter, thin margins. Leaves ca. 10-50 cm long, petiole glabrous, usually terete, to shallowly grooved toward the apex, axes of pri- mary segments (pinnae) glabrous or nearly so, with a light-colored, submembranous ridge on each side on the adaxial surface. Lamina ternate, or usually radiate with up to 7 (rarely to 9) pinnae, asym- metrically circular, 2-pinnate, pinnae glabrous or nearly so. Indusium suborbicular to oblong, well modified. In dense forests, on wooded slopes, or in rocky places, 200-2800 m, Cajamarca and Amazonas, south to Cuzco. Tropical America. The radiate arrangement of the usually five to seven pinnae make this a highly distinctive species. Rarely there are more pinnae or only three or four. Cajamarca: Jaen, Feb. 17, 1954, Cerron (GH, uc). Amazonas: Rio Utcubamba, 40 km S of Bagua Grande, Hutchison 1469 (GH). Prov. Bagua, Pongo de Retema- Aramango, Sagdstegui 5944 (HUT). San Martin: Juan Jui, Alto Rio Huallaga, Klug 4170 (F, GH, MO, uc, us, USM). Huanuco: Prov. Leoncio Prado, al este de Tingo Maria, J. Schunke V. 10478 (F). Junin: La Merced, Mac- bride 5375 (F, us). Huancavelica: SE of Tintay, Tovar 36 FIELDIANA: BOTANY 4705 (GH). Cuzco: Torontoy, Herrera 1299 (us). Prov. Convention, Echarate, Vargas 1135 (GH). VIII. Notholaena NotholaenaR.Br.,Prodr. 145. 1 8 1 0. TYPE: Noth- olaena trichomanoides (L.) Desv. (Pteris tri- chomanoides L.), not Notholaena marantae (L.) Desv. which is Paraceterach marantae (L.) Tryon. Figure 8. Notholaena sect. Argyrochosma John Sm., J. Bot. (Hooker) 4: 50. 1841. TYPE (designated by C. Chr., Index fil. xl. 1906): Notholaena nivea (Poir- et) Desv. (Pteris nivea Poiret). Argyrochosma (John Sm.) Windham, Amer. Fern J. 77: 38. 1987. Terrestrial or rupestral. Stem small, decumbent to suberect, short- to rarely rather long-creeping and slender, bearing scales. Leaves monomorphic, usually ca. 545 cm long, usually borne in a cluster, petiole with 1 vascular bundle near the base, usu- ally terete, rarely adaxially flattened, sulcate or slightly ridged. Lamina usually 1-4-pinnate, or rarely pedate and 2-pinnatifid or 2-pinnate-pin- natifid, white- or yellow-farinose abaxially and often with scales and (or) trichomes, or rarely gla- brous, veins free. Sori usually on the somewhat modified vein ends, sometimes of only 1 or 2 spo- rangia, to rarely along most of the vein, the margin flat to slightly recurved and not or only slightly modified, paraphyses absent. Spores globose to tetrahedral-globose, trilete, usually cristate or somewhat rugose to plain and with a granulate deposit. Notholaena is an American genus of 39 mostly Mexican species, with three in Peru. Species of Cheilanthes have previously often been placed in Notholaena as by Tryon (1956). In that treatment only species 22-58 are to be retained in Notho- laena; the others properly are species of Chei- lanthes. There are two sections: Argyrochosma John Sm. and Notholaena. References TRYON, R. 1956. A revision of the American species of Notholaena. Contr. Gray Herb., 179: 1-106. TRYON, R. M, AND A. F. TRYON. 1982. Noth- olaena, pp. 270-278, in Ferns and allied plants, Springer- Verlag, New York. WINDHAM, M. D. 1987. Argyrochosma, a new genus of cheilanthoid ferns. Amer. Fern J., 77: 37^1. Key to Species of Notholaena a. Stem scales bicolorous, with a dark, sclerotic center and lighter margins; ultimate segments mostly adnate (sect. Notholaena) 1 . N. sulphurea a. Stem scales concolorous, brown; ultimate segments mostly stalked or sessile (sect. Argyrochosma) b b. Ultimate segments mostly orbicular or nearly so; stem scales oily 2. N. stuebeliana b. Ultimate segments mostly ovate to oblong; stem scales dry 3. N. nivea 1. Notholaena sulphurea (Cav.) John Sm. in See- mann, Bot. voy. Herald 1: 233. 1854. Figures 8b-c. 1864. TYPE: Peru, (Huanuco), Huanuco, Ma- thews 981 (holotype, K.!). Notholaena sulphurea var. JJava Kuhn, Abh. Naturf. Ges. Halle 11: 32. 1869. TYPE: Peru (location unknown). Pteris sulphurea Cav., Descr. pi. 269. 1802. TYPE: Mexico, (Hidalgo), Chimapan (Zimapan), Nee (holotype, MA, seen by C. Chr., Dansk Bot. Ark. 9(3): 23. 1937; isotypes, F!, G!). Cheilanthes borsigniana Koch, Wochen. Grtn. Plan- zenkr. 1: 2. 1858. TYPE: Peru, Warszewicz (ho- lotype, B!; photos, GH, us). Notholaena Candida var. lutea Hooker, Sp. fil. 5: 111. Stem short-creeping to nearly erect, scales lance- ovate, attenuate, dark sclerotic with narrow brownish and deciduously glandular-ciliate mar- gins. Leaves to 20 cm tall, petiole usually much longer than the lamina. Lamina pentagonal or somewhat elongate, 2-pinnate or usually 2-pin- nate-pinnatifid at the base, 1-pinnate-pinnatifid above the basal pinnae, ultimate segments adnate, TRYON & STOLZE: PTERIDOPHYTA OF PERU. II. 37 the abaxial surface densely yellow- to whitish yel- low-farinose. Sporangia borne on the vein ends, the margin thick, otherwise unmodified, some- what recurved. Open rocky places, 1500-2000 m, Piura and Amazonas south to Arequipa. Mexico south to Chile. This is the only species of section Notholaena that occurs in the Andes. In addition to the char- acters mentioned in the key, the section is char- acterized by a black, granulate deposit on the spores. Piura: Prov. Huancabamba, Cerro Colorado, Fosberg 27694 (uc), Fosberg 27709 (us). Cajamarca: Cantange, Celendin to Rio Maranon, Lopez & Sagdstegui 3367 (GH, us), Amazonas: Sunibamba, Utcubamba valley, Stiibel 1048, in part (B). Ancash: Caraz, Weberbauer 3007 (B). Huannco: Piedra Grande, Macbride& Feather stone 20 51 (GH, us). Lima: Mts. back of Lima, Safford 993 (us). Huancavelica: Valle de Montaro, entre Pampas y Sal- cabamba, Tovar 3840 (GH, USM). Apurimac: 80 km from Abancay, on road to Challhuanca, Sounders 769 (GH). Arequipa: Arequipa, Rauh P567 (B). 2. Notholaena stuebeliana (Hieron.) Tryon, Rho- dora63: 83. 1961. Pellaea dealbata var. stuebeliana Hieron., Hedwigia 48: 225, /. 72, / 75. 1909. TYPE: Peru, Dept. Amazonas, Sunibamba, Stubel 1048, in part (ho- lotype, B!). Argyrochosma stuebeliana (Hieron.) Windham, Amer. Fern J. 77: 41. 1987. Stem short, erect or decumbent, scales linear, brown, oily, concolorous, margins entire. Leaves 5-30 cm long, petiole as long as or longer than the lamina. Lamina deltoid to long-triangular, 3^4- pinnate, the abaxial surface densely white- to very pale yellow-farinose, ultimate segments mostly or- bicular or nearly so. Sporangia borne on the ter- minal 'A or more of the vein, margin unmodified, nearly flat or recurved. Among boulders and on ledges on shrubby slopes, moist ravines and in rocky soil, 1400-3500 m, Cajamarca and Amazonas south to Junin. Endemic to Peru. This species was first known from a single leaf collected in the latter half of the 19th century. Recently it has been collected at several localities and its range in Peru will probably be further ex- tended. Cajamarca: 40 km from Cajamarca on road to Chilete, Correll & Smith P841 (GH, LL, us). Prov. Celendin, can- yon of Rio Maranon, above Balsas, Hutchison & Wright 5288 (GH, us). Prov. Celendin, Celendin, Lopez & Sa- gdstegui 3104 (GH, HUT). Amazonas: Prov. Bongara, S from Pte. Ingenio to Chachapoyas, Plowman 5551 (GH). La Libertad: Retamas, Lopez & Sagdstegui 3606 (GH). Huanuco: Mito, Bryan 192 (F). Junin: Prov. Jauli, Saa- vecha 6318 (GH). 3. Notholaena nivea (Poiret) Desv., J. Bot. Appl. 1:93. 1813. Figure 8a. Pellaea nivea (Poiret) Prantl, Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 3: 417. 1882. Argyrochosma nivea (Poiret) Windham, Amer. Fern J. 77:41. 1987. Stem short, erect or ascending, scales linear-sub- ulate, dry, concolorous, margins entire. Leaves 1 0- 30 cm tall, petiole shorter than the lamina or about the same length. Lamina lanceolate, deltoid-lan- ceolate or ovate, 2-3-pinnate, the ultimate seg- ments stalked, the abaxial surface densely white- or yellow-farinose or glabrous. Sporangia borne on the terminal 'A-'/z (rarely more) of a vein, mar- gin unmodified, flat to somewhat recurved. Rocky hillsides and crevices of rocks, 5004000 m, Cajamarca south to Puno and Arequipa. Colombia south to Argentina and Brazil. This is a complex South American species, con- sisting of the following three varieties. Key to Varieties a. Ultimate segments white-farinose abaxially a. Ultimate segments glabrous abaxially a. Ultimate segments yellow-farinose abaxially . 3a. var. nivea 3b. var. tenera . 3c. var. flava 38 FIELDIANA: BOTANY 5 cm 5mm FIG. 8. Notholaena nivea: a, habit. Notholaena sulphurea: b, leaf; c, central pinna, abaxial side, (a from Stork & Morton 10718, r, b, c from Macbride 3707, F.) 3a. Notholaena nivea var. nivea Pteris nivea Poiret in Lam., Encycl. 5:718.1 804. TYPE: Peru, Joseph de Jussieu (holotype, Herb. Jussieu no. 1047, P!; photos, GH, us). Notholaena nivea var. oblongata Griseb., Abh. Kon- igl. Ges. Wiss. Gottingen 24 (Symb. fl. argent.): 342. 1879. TYPE: Argentina, (Salta), Salta, Hi- eronymus & Lorentz "142 and 161 " (one collec- tion) (holotype, B!; photo, GH). TRYON & STOLZE: PTERIDOPHYTA OF PERU. II. 39 La Libertad south to Puno and Arequipa. Ecuador south to western Argentina. The sometimes recognized var. oblongata is not as distinctive as the other varieties and intergrades with var. nivea. La Libertad: Otuzco to Huamchirco, Ferreyra 2987 (USM). Ancash: Chiquian, Cerrate 240, 564, 2106 (USM). Huanuco: Huanuco, Macbride 3207 (F). Lima: San Ma- teo, Ferreyra 7028 (GH, USM). Oroya RR., Safford 990 (GH, NY, P, us). Junin: Vilcambamba, Tryon & Tryon 5422 (BM, F, MO, u, us, USM). Huancavelica: Huancav- elica. Stork & Horton 10823 (F, uc). Ayacucho: Ayacu- cho, West 3642 (uc). Apurimac: Andahuaylas, Stork & Horton 10718 (F, uc, us). Cuzco: Saxihuaman, Tryon & Tryon 5344 (BM, F, GH, MO, u, us, USM). Arequipa: Ar- equipa, Pennell 13245 (F). Puno: Baja Isla, Lake Titicaca, Mexia 7788 (F, GH, MO, uc, us). 3b. Notholaena nivea var. tenera (Hooker) Gri- seb., Abh. Konigl. Ges. Wiss. Gottingen 24 (Symb. fl. argent.): 342. 1879. Notholaena tenera Hooker, Bot. Mag. t. 3055 and text. 1831. TYPE: Argentina, spec. cult, ex Mendoza, Gillies (holotype, K.!; photo, GH). Pellaea tenera (Hooker) Prantl, Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 3: 417. 1882. Pellaea peruviana Copel., Univ. Calif. Publ. Bot. 19: 302. 1941. TYPE: Peru, Apurimac, Abancay re- gion, Pupils of V. Santander C. (holotype, uc!). La Libertad south to Puno. Peru south to Argentina. La Libertad: Prov. Otuzco, Arriba de Casmiche, Lopez et al. 3962 (GH). Prov. Otuzco, Jamobamba, Aguado 6743 (HUT). Ancash: Cerro de Huasta, Cerrate 2456 (GH, USM). Huanuco: Between Huanucay and Ambo, Ferreyra 6566 (USM). Lima: Entre Matucana y San Mateo, Fer- reyra 5306 (GH, USM). Junin: Palca, Correll & Smith P758 (GH). Huancavelica: Mejorada, Tovar 1000 (GH, USM). Apurimac: S of Chalhuanca, I his et al. 554 (GH). Cuzco: Cuzco, Tryon & Tryon 5353 (BM, F, MO, u, us, USM). Puno: Tequena, Feb. 19, 1948, Aguilar (USM). Cajamarca south to Cuzco. Colombia south to Argentina and Brazil. The type indicated for var.flava is the only col- lection, among those cited by Hooker and at Kew, that has yellow indument abaxially. Cajamarca: Prov. Santa Cruz, Cumbil-Catache, Lopez & Sagdstegui 5162 (GH). Huanuco: Piedra Grande, Mac- bride & Featherstone 3706 (F, us). Huancavelica: Valle de Mantaro, entre Pampas y Salcabamba, Tovar 3847 (GH, USM). Cuzco: Potrero, Tryon & Tryon 5378 (BM, F, MO, u, us, USM). IX. Pellaea Pellaea Link, Fil. spec. 59. 1 84 1 , conserved name. TYPE: Pellaea atropurpurea (L.) Link (Pteris atropurpurea L.). Figure 9. Terrestrial or rupestral. Stem short and decum- bent or rather slender and short- to long-creeping, bearing scales. Leaves monomorphic or nearly so, 5 cm to 1.25 m long, borne in a cluster or spaced, petiole with 1 vascular bundle near the base, terete to adaxially sulcate or ridged. Lamina 1-4-pin- nate, usually glabrous, to rarely pubescent or with a few scales abaxially, veins free or rarely anas- tomosing. Sori at the vein ends or on their apical portion, partly to wholly covered by a slightly to well-modified, recurved marginal indusium, pa- raphyses absent or rarely short, often farinaceous glands among the sporangia. Spores globose or tetrahedral-globose, trilete, usually somewhat ru- gose or cristate, rarely tuberculate or verrucate. Pellaea is a nearly pantropical, sometimes tem- perate, genus of about 35 species. Twenty-two species are American and there are three in Peru. Four sections are recognized, two of them in America with sect. Pellaea the only one repre- sented in Peru. The other section in America, Or- mopteris (John Sm.) R. & A. Tryon, is primarily Brazilian. 3c. Notholaena nivea var. flava Hooker, Sp. fil. 5: 112. 1855. TYPE: Ecuador, (Loja), Loxa (Loja), Seemann (holotype, K!). Acrostichum tereticaulon Desv., Ges. Naturf. Freunde Berlin Mag. Neuesten Entdeck. Gesammten Na- turk. 5: 310. 1811. TYPE: probably Peru, Dom- bey (holotype, P!; photos, GH, us). Notholaena chrysophylla Klotzsch, Allg. Gartenzei- tung 23: 265. 1855. TYPE: spec. cult, ex Peru, Warszewicz (holotype, B!). References TRYON, A. F. 1957. A revision of the fern genus Pellaea section Pellaea. Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard., 44: 129-193. TRYON, R. M., AND A. F. TRYON. 1 982. Pellaea, pp. 284-293, in Ferns and allied plants, Spring- er- Verlag, New York. 40 FIELDIANA: BOTANY Key to Species of Pellaea a. Petiole and rachis atropurpureous to black; the pinnae mostly ternately divided ... 1 . P. ternifolia a. Petiole and rachis ruddy-brown to straw-colored; the pinnae mostly pinnate with more than 3 segments b b. Rachis straight; stem moderately stout, compact; scales of the stem, base of the petioles, and leaf buds tan, concolorous 2. P. sagittata b. Rachis flexuous; stem mostly slender, cordlike, creeping; scales of the stem, base of the petioles, and leaf buds bicolorous, tan to dark brown, the central portion often lustrous, sclerotic . 3. P. ovata 1. Pellaea ternifolia (Cav.) Link, Fil. spec. 59. 1 84 1 , var. ternifolia. Figure 9a. Pteris ternifolia Cav., Descr. pi. 266. 1802. TYPE: Peru, (Lima), "Valle de Guarimaya dos leguas de Guamantanga", (Huamantanga), Nee (holotype, MA, seen by C. Chr., Dansk Bot. Ark. 9(3): 22. 1937). Pteris peruviana Poiret in Lam., Encycl. 5: 718. 1804. TYPE: Peru, Joseph de Jussieu (holotype, Herb. Jussieu no. 1334A, P!; photos, OH, us). Conaica, Tovar 976 (GH, USM). Ayacucho: Prov. Lucanas, Pampa Galeras, Tovar 67 16 (USM). Apurimac: 2 km N of Andahuaylas, Stork & Morton 10720 (F, uc). Cuzco: Saxihuaman, Tryon & Tryon 5358 (BM, F, MO, u, us, USM). Arequipa: Tiabaya, Pennell 13075 (B, F, GH, NY, us). Puno: Juliaca, R. S. Williams 2633 (GH, NY, us). 2. Pellaea sagittata (Cav.) Link, Fil. spec. 60. 1 84 1 , var. sagittata. Stem moderately stout, elongate, decumbent, multicipital, scales straight or falcate, bicolorous with a slender sclerotic stripe narrower than the borders. Leaves 4-50 cm long, stiff, erect, petiole and rachis plane on the adaxial surface or sulcate, atropurpureous to black. Lamina linear to narrow- ly lanceolate, 1 -pinnate, the pinnae ternate or en- tire, sessile or subsessile, without a pinna-rachis. In crevices of igneous rock or on Inca walls, in sun and semishade, 1 800-4600 m, Cajamarca and Amazonas south to Puno and Arequipa. Southwestern United States south to Central America; Hispaniola; Venezuela and Colombia south to Argentina; Hawaiian Islands. Pellaea ternifolia var. wrightiana (Hooker) A. F. Tryon (Pellaea wrightiana Hooker) occurs in the southwestern United States and adjacent northern Mexico. The rest of the extensive range of the species is occupied by var. ternifolia. Pellaea weddelliana of Bolivia and Argentina has mostly simple pinnae and nearly concolorous scales. It represents a variation off. ternifolia that may be found in Peru. Cajamarca: El Gavilan. Cajamarca, Ferreyra 3269 (USM). Amazonas: Carrizal, Stiibel 1025 (B). La Libertad: Cachicadan, Stork & Morton 9997 (F, uc), Sagdstegui el al. 11919 (HUT). Ancash: Chiquian, Cerrate 622 (USM), 786 (USM). Huanuco: Mito, Bryan 198 (F). Lima: Cerca Tupe, Cerrate 1089 (USM). Junin: Huacapistana, Tryon & Tryon 5424 (BM, F, MO, u, us, USM). Huancavelica: Pteris sagittata Cav., Descr. pi. 267. 1802. TYPE: Mexico, Cerro de Guadeloupe, Nee (holotype, MA, seen by C. Chr., Dansk Bot. Ark. 9(3): 23. 1937). Stem moderately stout, compact, decumbent, multicipital, scales straight or nearly so, concol- orous, tan to rust-colored, lanceolate-triangular, usually cordate. Leaves 1 5-80 cm long, erect, stiff, petiole and rachis convex or plane on the adaxial side, puberulous, the rachis straight or somewhat flexuous, straw-colored to ruddy-tan, or mottled, scales at the base of the petiole and on the leaf buds concolorous. Lamina 1-2-pinnate, rarely 3- pinnate, the pinnae ascending at acute angles to the rachis, pinnae entire or of 3-numerous seg- ments, long-stalked. On dry banks, in open sun or shade, among rocks and on stone walls, 1 700-3000 m. La Lib- ertad south to Cuzco. Mexico to Guatemala and Colombia, south to Bolivia. In addition to var. sagittata, there is var. cordata (Cav.) A. F. Tryon in the southwestern United States south to southern Mexico (Pellaea cordifolia (Sesse & Mocino) A. R. Sm.). La Libertad: Prov. Otuzco, Motil-Chota, Lopez & Sa- gdstegui 8035 (HUT). Ancash: Callejon de Huallas, 8 km SSE of Yungay, Tryon & Tryon 6552 (GH). Lima: Ma- tucana, Macbride & Featherstone 422 (F, GH, us). Pasco: Entre Salcahupan y Cerro de Pasco, Ferreyra 6621 (GH, TRYON & STOLZE: PTERIDOPHYTA OF PERU. II. 41 5 cm FIG. 9. Pellaea ternifolia: a, habit. Pellaea ovata: b, portion of lamina, abaxial side; c, pinnule, abaxial side, (a from Davis et al. 1650, F; b, c from Bryan 438, F.) 42 FIELDIANA: BOTANY USM). Junin: Huacapistana, Tryon & Tryon 5431 (BM, F, GH, MO, u, us, USM). Huancavelica: Conaica, Tovar 978 (USM). Apurimac: Prov. Abancay, upper Rio Marino, Stork el al. 10648 (F, uc). Cuzco: Valle de Urubamba, Herrera 1195 (F, us). 3. Pellaea ovata (Desv.) Weath., Contr. Gray Herb. 114: 34. 1936. Figure 9b-c. Pteris ovata Desv., Mem. Soc. Linn. Paris 6: 301. 1827. TYPE: Peru (holotype, Herb. Desvaux, P!; photos, GH, uc). Stem slender, cordlike, creeping, dichotomously branched, scales straight or somewhat falcate, bi- colorous, the sclerotic central portion usually lus- trous. Leaves 10 cm to 1.25 m long, straight or frequently twining, subscandent, petiole and rach- is convex or plane on the adaxial side, the rachis strongly flexuous, straw-colored to ruddy brown, scales at the base of the petiole and on the leaf buds bicolorous. Lamina elongate-triangular, 2-4- pinnate, usually 3-pinnate, the pinnae descending from the rachis, with 5-many segments, long- stalked. In open sun, brushy grasslands, on shaded banks, among rocks and on old stone walls, 1 200-2900 m, Cajamarca and Amazonas south to Puno. Southern Texas to Costa Rica; Jamaica and His- paniola; Venezuela and Colombia south to north- ern Argentina. The leaves of Pellaea ovata often scramble among the branches of low shrubs and may be over 1 m long. Cajamarca: 52 km W of Cajamarca on road to Chilete, Correll & Smith P839 (GH, us). Prov. Contumaza, El Tunel, Sagastegui et al. 12642 (HUT). Amazonas: Prov. Chachapoyas. Chachapoyas-Molinopampa, Sagastegui 6031 (GH). La Libertad: Retamas, Lopez & Sagastegui 3608 (GH). Huanuco: Entre Ambo y Huanuco, Ferreyra 9232 (GH, USM). Lima: Prov. Canta, Km. 82 Lima-Canta, Sounders 808 (GH). Junin: Huacapistana, Tryon & Tryon 5423 (BM, F, GH, MO, u, us, USM). Huancavelica: La Me- jorada, Kunkel 452 (GH). Apurimac: Andahuaylas, Stork & Morton 10712 (F, uc, us). Cuzco: Yucay, Soukup 754 (F, GH). Puno: Sandia, Weberbauer 841 (B). X. Doryopteris Doryopteris John Sm., J. Bot. (Hooker) 4: 162. 1841. TYPE: Doryopteris palmata (Willd.) John Sm. (Pteris palmata Willd.) = Doryop- teris pedata var. palmata (Willd.) Hicken. Figure 10. Terrestrial or rupestral. Stem decumbent and creeping to suberect, small to stout, bearing scales. Leaves monomorphic to dimorphic and the fertile more erect and with narrower segments than the sterile, borne in a cluster or rather spaced, petiole with 1 or 2 vascular bundles near the base. Lamina of various architecture, usually pedate, glabrous, veins free or anastomosing without included vein- lets. Sori marginal, the sporangia on a nearly con- tinuous vascular commissure and covered by a well-modified indusium, paraphyses absent. Spores tetrahedral-globose, trilete, the surface nearly smooth to prominently cristate. Doryopteris is primarily an American genus of 25 species, with four of them in Peru. The genus centers in southeastern Brazil and only a few species extend beyond that region. The species Doryop- teris concolor is now placed in Cheilanthes. Reference TRYON, R. M. 1942. A revision of the genus Doryopteris. Contr. Gray Herb., 143: 1-80. Key to Species of Doryopteris a. Venation free, single areolae present by rare exception; petiole with 2 vascular bundles, at least toward the base b b. Soral lines discontinuous between the pinna-segments and most other segments of the lamina 1 . D. crenulans b. Soral lines continuous between the pinna-segments and most other segments of the lamina .... 2. D. lomariacea a. Venation completely areolate, or areolae only along the midveins of the segments; petiole with 1 vascular bundle . . . c TRYON & STOLZE: PTERIDOPHYTA OF PERU. II. 43 c. Fertile and sterile lamina with partly areolate venation, the areolae mostly along the costae or midveins; proliferous buds absent at the base of the lamina 3. D. lorentzii c. Fertile and sterile lamina with completely areolate venation; proliferous buds commonly present at the base of the lamina 4. D. pedata var. palmata 1 . Doryopteris crenulans (Fee) Christ in Schwacke, PI. nov. mineiras. 2: 26. 1900. Pellaea crenulans Fee, Crypt, vase. Bresil 2: 27, /. 87, f. I. 1872-1873. TYPE: Brazil, (Guanabara), Ti- juca. Glaziou 5345 (5343 is excluded by Tryon, 1942) (holotype, p; photo, GH; isotypes, GH!, K!). Stem scales long and narrow. Petiole usually densely and minutely verrucose, rarely smooth, with 2 vascular bundles near the base. Fertile and sterile leaves quite dimorphic, the sterile to 35 cm long, the fertile to 50 cm long, ultimate segments with free venation. Soral lines broken by all or nearly all of the sinuses. On hillsides in humus or clay soil, ca. 3200 m, Cajamarca and Amazonas. Peru to Argentina; southern Brazil. Cajamarca: Prov. Cutervo, 10 km NW of Socota, Stork & Horton 10127 (F, uc, us). Amazonas: Chachapoyas, Soukup 4926 (us). doba, Lorentz 79; Argentina, (Tucuman), Tucu- man, Lorentz & Hieronymus (B!), both collections on one sheet; photo, GH. Stem scales usually ovate-lanceolate. Petiole smooth or slightly short-pubescent at the apex, with 1 vascular bundle near the base. Fertile and sterile leaves moderately dimorphic, the sterile to 20 cm long, the fertile to 35 cm long, ultimate segments with areolae along the midveins, the veins free toward the margin. Soral lines broken by the sinuses. Rocky places, 1200-2500 m, Cuzco. Peru to southern Brazil. The lamina with only partly areolate venation is distinctive of this species. Cuzco: Potrero, Tryon & Tryon 5377 (BM, F, MO, u, us, USM), Coronado 115 (GH, uc, us). Yucay, Soukup 921 (F). Dist. Santa Ana, Herrera 87 la (us). 2. Doryopteris lomariacea Klotzsch, Linnaea 20: 343. 1847. TYPE: "British Guiana", Schom- burgk 1197 (holotype, B?; isotypes, BM!, K!). Stem scales long and narrow. Petiole usually smooth, with 2 vascular bundles near the base. Fertile and sterile leaves strongly dimorphic, the sterile to 50 cm long, the fertile to 120 cm long, ultimate segments with free venation. Soral lines continuous around the sinuses. Open Sphagnum swamp, 1 700 m, Pasco. Southern Brazil and Paraguay; Peru; Guyana. Pasco: Enefias, Pichis Trail, (as Junin), Killip & Smith 2 5709 (F, us). 3. Doryopteris lorentzii (Hieron.) Diels, Nat. pflanzenfam. 1(4): 270. 1899. Pellaea lorentzii Hieron., Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 22: 392. 1896. SYNTYPES: Argentina. (Cordoba), Cor- 4. Doryopteris pedata (L.) Fee var. palmata (Willd.) Hicken, Revista Mus. La Plata, Secc. Bot. 15: 253. 1908. Figure 10. Pteris palmata Willd., Sp. pi. ed. 4, 5: 357. 1810. TYPE: Venezuela, (Dist. Federal. Caracas). Bre- demeyer (holotype. Herb. Willd. 19957, B!; pho- tos, GH, NY, us). Dorvopteris palmata (Willd.) John Sm., J. bot. (Hook- er) 4: 163. 1841. Stem scales usually ovate-lanceolate. Petiole usually very short-pubescent, with 1 vascular bun- dle near the base. Fertile and sterile leaves mod- erately dimorphic, both to 40 cm long, and usually with proliferous buds at the base of the lamina, ultimate segments with fully areolate venation. Soral lines usually broken by the sinuses. Rocky woods, hillsides, crevices of stone walls, 1000-2200 m, Cajamarca and Amazonas south to Cuzco. Mexico south to Bolivia. Buds are usually present at the base of the lam- ina and these will grow into small plants, especially on the older leaves and those that have reclined 44 FIELDIANA: BOTANY 5 mm FIG. 10. Doryopteris pedata var. palmata: a, habit; b, young plant from proliferous bud at base of lamina; c, portion of indusia interrupted at segment sinus, (a, b from Tryon & Tryon 5369, F, c from Hutchison & Wright 3839, F.) TRYON & STOLZE: PTERIDOPHYTA OF PERU. II. 45 to the ground. Adult plants then may develop from these small ones. Cajamarca: Prov. Santa Cruz, Bosque de Monteseco, Sagdstegui et al. 12398 (F, MO). Prov. Santa Cruz, ca. 5 km above Monte Seco, Dillon et al. 4424 (F, GH). Ama- zonas: Prov. Bongara, Hutchison & Wright 3839 (F, GH). Junin: Yaupi, Woytkowski 6424 (MO, us). Huancavelica: Prov. Tayacaja, SE of Tintay, Tovar 4598 (GH). Cuzco: Prov. La Convencion, Potrero, Tryon & Tryon 5369 (BM, F, GH, MO, u, us, USM). Quillabamba, Coronado 114 (GH, uc, us). Yucay, Soukup 920 (F). XI. IU- mi mi it is Hemionitis L., Sp. pi. 1077. 1753; Gen. pi. ed. 5, 485. 1754. TYPE: Hemionitis palmata L. Fig- ure 11. Gymnopteris Bernh., J. Bot. (Schrader) 1799 (1): 297. 1 799. TYPE: Acrostichum rufum L. (Gymnopteris rufa (L.) Underw.) = Hemionitis rufa (L.) Sw. Terrestrial or less often rupestral. Stem short- creeping to erect, small, bearing scales intergrading to trichomes. Leaves monomorphic to dimorphic and the fertile ones longer and more erect, borne in a cluster, petiole with 1 vascular bundle near the base. Lamina of various architecture, usually pedate or pinnate, pubescent, veins free to wholly anastomosing without included veinlets. Sporan- gia in long lines along free veins or along the anas- tomosing veins, indusium and paraphyses absent. Spores tetrahedral-globose, trilete, cristate, echi- nate, or tuberculate. Hemionitis is a tropical American genus of sev- en species, with three of them in Peru. Hemionitis rufa and H. tomentosa are distinctive in Peru. However, in Argentina to southern Brazil and rarely in Peru is H. tomentosa var. subrufa Ro- senst., which seems similar to H. rufa. It has entire pinnae but is separable from H. rufa by the long stalks and cordate base, especially of the basal pin- nae. Reference TRYON, R. M., AND A. F. TRYON. 1982. Hem- ionitis, pp. 278-284, in Ferns and allied plants, Springer- Verlag, New York. Key to Species of Hemionitis a. Lamina pinnate, with free venation b b. Some pinnae 1 -(rarely 2-)pinnate, or several pinnae lobed, or all pinnae entire and then the basal ones cordate and long-stalked 1 . H. tomentosa b. All pinnae entire, rarely 1 lobe present, the basal ones broadly cuneate to truncate and short- stalked 2. H. rufa a. Lamina deeply lobed, with areolate venation 3. H. palmata 1 . Hemionitis tomentosa (Lam.) Raddi, Opusc. Sci. 284. 1819. Asplenium tomentosum Lam., Encycl. 2: 308. 1786. SYNTYPES: Brazil, Commerson, Dombey. A sheet in Herb. Lamarck, P!; photo, GH: "Asplen- ium tomentosum e Brasilia," without collector, is this species. Gvmnopteris tomentosa (Lam.) Underw., Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 29: 627. 1902. Leaves ca. 20-75 cm long. Petiole long, it and the rachis reddish brown to atropurpureous, pu- bescent with short, acicular trichomes and fewer, long, multicellular ones. Lamina suboblong to sub- deltoid, 1 -pinnate and the pinnae entire, or a few lobed, cordate or subcordate at the base, or 2- (rarely partly 3-)pinnate, pinnae stalked, the basal ones with longer stalks than those above, the dark color of the stalk often continued into the segment, both surfaces more or less pubescent with acicular, multicellular, nearly appressed trichomes. Forest slopes, stony clearings, and in woods, 700-1600 m, Amazonas to Cuzco. Peru to Argentina, Paraguay, and Brazil. Amazonas: Prov. Bagua. valley of Rio Utcubamba, Hutchison 1476 (GH). San Martin: Tarapoto, Spruce 3992 (B, GH), Woytkowski 35228 (uc). Prov. San Martin, Tar- apoto-Yurimaguas, Sagdstegui 6857 (F). Huanuco: Near Pozuzo, Macbride 4788 (F, us). Pasco: Rio Paucartambo, 46 FIELDIANA: BOTANY 1O mm FIG. 1 1 . Hemionitis palmata: a, habit, b, lamina apex, abaxial side. (From Klug 4288, F.) near Perene Bridge, (as Junin), Killip & Smith 25345 (us). Junin: La Merced, Macbride 5303 (F). Rio Penedo, N of La Merced, Killip & Smith 23592 (GH, us). Cuzco: Quillabamba, Coronado 122 (GH, uc, us). Santa Ana, Cook & Gilbert 1537 (GH, us). Potrero, Tryon & Tryon 5374 (GH, u, us, USM). 2. Hemionitis rufa (L.) Sw., J. Hot. (Schrader) 1 800 (2): 16. 1802. Acrostichum rufum L., Syst. nat. ed. 10, 1320. 1759. (Not Pteris ruffa L., Sp. pi. 1074. 1753, which is maintained in the Syst. nat. and probably typified by a Hort. Cliff, specimen in Herb. Banks, BM.) TYPE: Sloane, Voy. Jamaica /. 45, f. 1 or LINN 1245.6; photo, A. Gymnopleris rufa (L.) Underw., Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 29:627. 1902. Leaves ca. 20-60 cm long. Petiole usually long, it and the rachis dark reddish brown to atropur- pureous, pubescent with short, acicular trichomes and fewer, long, multicellular ones. Lamina nar- rowly elliptic to lanceolate, 1 -pinnate, the pinnae entire, or rarely a lobe present, usually cuneate at the base, short-stalked, the dark color of the stalk not continued into the segment, both surfaces more TRYON & STOLZE: PTERIDOPHYTA OF PERU. II. 47 or less pubescent with acicular, multicellular, near- ly appressed trichomes. In forests, 400-800 m, San Martin. Southern Mexico to Panama; Greater Antilles; Surinam to Colombia and south to Peru. San Martin: Juan Jui, Klug 4174 (F, GH, uc, us). 3. Hemionitis palmata L., Sp. pi. 1077. 1753. TYPE: Plumier, Descr. pi. Amer. /. 33, f. 1 or LINN 1248.3; photo, A. Figure 11. Leaves dimorphic, the sterile ca. 3-10 cm long, 3-lobed or pedately 5-lobed, borne in a cluster, the fertile ca. 10-25 cm long, few, erect, pedately 5- lobed. Petiole brown to dark brown, pubescent with multicellular, slender-tipped trichomes. Principal lobes shallowly lobed or crenate, with pubescence similar to that of the petiole. In forests, 120-900 m, San Martin, Loreto, and Cuzco. Mexico and Central America; West Indies; Guianas to Colombia, south to Bolivia; Brazil. The leaves bear small dormant buds in the si- nuses along the margin and these may serve to propagate the plants vegetatively. San Martin: Tarapoto, Spruce 3993 (GH, us). Juan Jui, Klug 4288 (F, GH, MO, uc, us, USM). Near Tarapoto, LI. Williams 6793 (F, us). Loreto: Iquitos and vicinity, LI. Williams 3559 (us). Cuzco: Santa Ana, Cook & Gilbert 1477 (us). XII. Trachypteris Trachypteris Christ, Schweiz. Naturfors. Ges. 36 (Monogr. Elaphoglossum): 150. 1899. TYPE: Trachypteris aureonitens (Hooker) Christ (Ac- rostichum aureonitens Hooker) = Trachyp- teris pinnata (Hooker f.) C. Chr. Figure 12. Saffordia Maxon, Smithsonian Misc. Coll. 61(4): 1. 1913. TYPE: Saffordia induta Maxon = Tra- chypteris induta (Maxon) R. & A. Tryon. Terrestrial or rupestral. Stem decumbent or erect, small, bearing scales. Leaves monomorphic or dimorphic with the sterile entire, in a basal rosette, and the fertile erect and pinnate, densely scaly abaxially, glabrous to thinly scaly adaxially, veins anastomosing without included veinlets. Sporangia borne in a narrow to broad band, or from the costa to the margin, on and between the veins, indusium and paraphyses absent. Spores globose, trilete, strongly cristate. This is a small genus of three species. Two of them are in America and Peru and the third is in Madagascar. Reference TRYON, R. M., AND A. F. TRYON. 1982. Tra- chypteris, pp. 302-306, in Ferns and allied plants, Springer- Verlag, New York. Key to Species of Trachypteris a. Sterile leaves entire, in a basal rosette; fertile leaves erect, pinnate 1 . T. pinnata a. Sterile and fertile leaves pedate 2. T. induta 1 . Trachypteris pinnata (Hooker f.) C. Chr., Index fil. 634. 1906. Figure 12a. Hemionitis pinnata Hooker f., Trans. Linn. Soc. Lon- don 20: 167. 1847. LECTOTYPE (designated by Porter, J. Linn. Soc. Bot. 81: 94. 1980): Ecuador, Galapagos Islands. Charles Island, Darwin (ho- lotype, CGE). Acrostichum aureonitens Hooker, Hooker's Icon. PI. /. 933 (Cent. Ferns t. 33). 1854. LECTOTYPE (designated by Tryon. Contr. Gray Herb. 1 94: 86. 1964): Ecuador, Galapagos Islands Cuming 109 (holotype, K!; photo, GH; LECTOPARATYPE: Ecuador, Galapagos Islands, Chatham Island, Capt. Wood, K.!; photo, GH). Sterile leaves several, ca. 5-8 cm long, more or less prostrate, spatulate to obovate, sessile or near- ly so, entire or rarely with a few lobes, with scales on the abaxial surface that are appressed and im- bricate. Fertile leaves few, ca. 1 2-25 cm long, erect, subdeltoid to short-oblong, with a long, dark-col- 48 FIELDIANA: BOTANY 5 cm .."'" \ . 1 f^ti- (,-:: ^".ni V -<--' *<'. "- '-^i' *>* .-^^o ?>>-. r , e.^. FIG. 12. Trachypteris pinnata: a. habit. Trachypteris induta: b, leaf, abaxial side; c, leaf margin, adaxial side, (a from Tovar 4603, OH; b, c from Madison 1126, GH.) ored, often scaly petiole, scales on the abaxial sur- face similar to those on the sterile leaf. In rocky woods and in forests, 680-2750 m, Cajamarca, San Martin, Huancavelica, and Cuzco. Ecuador and Archipielago de Colon (Galapagos Islands); Peru to Argentina and Brazil. A critical study of the American material may show that two or three geographic varieties are present. TRYON & STOLZE: PTERIDOPHYTA OF PERU. II. 49 Cajamarca: Dist. Espinal, Puente El Papayo, Vdsquez 3077 (USM). Rio Crisnejas, Sanchez 45 (GH). Jaen, Rauh P2160 (B). Prov. Jaen, Rio Chamaya, Hutchison 1424 (F, GH, uc). San Martin: Tambo de Carrizal, Stubel 1016 (B). Huancavelica: SE of Tintay, Tovar 4603 (GH). Cuzco: Santa Ana, Cook & Gilbert 1480 (us). Huadquina, Biies 1339 (us). Sahuayacu. Biies 837 (us). Prov. La Conven- cion, Rosariomayo, Vargas 22343 (GH). 2. Trachypteris induta (Maxon) R. & A. Tryon, Rhodora 83: 137. 1981. Figure 12b-c. Saffordia induta Maxon, Smithsonian Misc. Coll. 61(4): 2, /. 1-2. 1913. TYPE: Peru, (Lima), along the Arroya (La Oroya) Railway in the mountains back of Lima, Safford 989 (holotype, us!; iso- types, B!, GH!, K.!, uc!, us!). Sterile and fertile leaves usually few, mono- morphic or nearly so, ca. 1 5-30 cm long. Petiole dark in color, usually somewhat scaly. Lamina more or less suborbicular, pedate, densely scaly abaxially. Among rocks, 750-2900 m, Cajamarca and Amazonas to Lima. Endemic to Peru. The scales at the base of the petiole are pink which is an unusual color among ferns. Cajamarca: Prov. Contumaza, Cascas-Contumaza, Sagdstegui 7670 (F, MO), Lopez et al. 2936 (GH, us). Prov. Contumaza, Contumaza-Toledo, Sagdstegui et al. 12604 (MO), 12608 (HUT). Prov. Contumaza, between Santiago and Guzmango, Sagdstegui 2936 (GH). Amazonas: Prov. Chachapoyas, Cerros Calla Calla, Balsas to Leimebam- ba, Hutchison & Wright 4966 (GH). Rio Maranon, at Balsas, Madison 1126 (GH). La Libertad: Prov. Otuzco, Huaranchal, Sagdstegui 205 (GH). Lima: Dist. Surco, km. 68, Carretera Central, Sounders 218 (BM, GH). Matucana, Rauh P186 (B). Prov. Huarochiri, Molle, Valencia & Franke 559 (USM). XIII. Ceratopteris Ceratopteris Brongn., Bull. Sci. Soc. Philom. Paris III, 8: 186. 1821. TYPE: Ceratopteris thalic- troides (L.) Brongn. (Acrostichum thalictroides L.). Figure 13. Terrestrial, palustral, or aquatic. Stem small, erect, bearing a few scales. Leaves dimorphic, the fertile more erect than the sterile, longer, and the lamina usually more complex, petiole with 4-many vascular bundles. Lamina deeply lobed in some sterile leaves, or 1-5-pinnate, glabrous, veins anas- tomosing without included veinlets. Sporangia solitary, borne well apart on the veins, covered by a well-differentiated marginal indusium, paraph- yses absent. Spores globose, trilete, with promi- nent mostly parallel ridges. Ceratopteris is a predominantly aquatic genus of three species. It is widely distributed in the trop- ics, with a single species in the Amazon basin of Peru. Reference LLOYD, R. M. 1974. Systematics of the genus Ceratopteris Brongn. II. Taxonomy. Brittonia, 26: 139-160. 1. Ceratopteris pteridoides (Hooker) Hieron., Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 34: 561. 1905. Figure 13. Parkeria pteridoides Hooker, Exot. fl. 2, t. 147. 1825. TYPE: "British Guiana", District of Essequibo, Parker (holotype, K!; photo, GH; isotype, GH!). Sterile leaves more or less prostrate, ca. 3-20 cm long, with a broad, fleshy, usually inflated pet- iole, lamina deltoid, thin-herbaceous, with broad segments, old leaves often with adventitious buds. Fertile leaves more or less erect, ca. 5-50 cm long, with a large inflated petiole, with linear segments. In slow streams, in lagoons, and along rivers, ca. 100 m, Loreto. Tropical and subtropical America, south to Bo- livia, Argentina, and Brazil. This species is typically a floating aquatic, the inflated petiole providing buoyancy to the plant. The adventitious buds on the leaves frequently develop into separate plants. The other species in America, Ceratopteris thal- ictroides (L.) Brongn., may occur in Peru. It typ- ically roots in mud or in shallow water and lacks inflated petioles. Ceratopteris richardii Brongn. is sometimes separated from C. thalictroides, pri- marily by its spore number of 16 in a sporangium rather than 32, which does not seem to be a species character. Loreto: Rio Itaya, Iquitos, Asplund 14626 (us). Iqui- tos, Killip & Smith 27427 (us). Prov. Maynas, Isla Ro- difia, opposite Leticia, Plowman et al. 6380 (F, GH, us). Prov. Maynas, above Bombabaje, McDaniel & Rimachi 1 7 329 (F, MO). 50 FIELDIANA: BOTANY FIG. 1 3. Ceratopteris pteridoides: a, sterile leaf; b, fertile leaf; c, fertile segments, abaxial side, (a from Kiltip & Smith 14791, Colombia, F, b from Austin et al. 7040, Brazil, F, c from Holm-Nielsen el al. 2654, Ecuador, F.) TRYON & STOLZE: PTERIDOPHYTA OF PERU. II. 51 XIV. Adiantum Adiantum L., Sp. pi. 1094. 1753; Gen. pi. 485. 1754. TYPE: Adiantum capillus-veneris L. Figure 14. Terrestrial or less often rupestral. Stem small and suberect, or stout and short-creeping, or slen- der and long-creeping, bearing scales. Leaves small to very large, usually pinnate (1-6-pinnate), usu- ally glabrous, less often sparingly scaly, pubescent or farinose abaxially, veins free or rarely anasto- mosing without included veinlets. Sori marginal, not paraphysate, the sporangia borne along, or also between, the vein ends that extend into the in- dusium which is formed by a reflexed, modified lobe, or continuous modified margin. Spores tet- rahedral-globose or globose, trilete, rather smooth or irregularly cristate, or rugose. Adiantum is a large, widely distributed genus of about 1 50 species. Tropical America is the richest region for species, and there are 34 in Peru. A single species, Adiantum capillus-veneris is con- sidered to be adventive. The genus is exceptionally well defined by the sporangia that are borne on the modified, reflexed portions of the margin that serve as indusia. In species with cuneate to broadly flabellate or nearly orbicular ultimate segments, the sori are borne on the convex side (apical side) of the ulti- mate segments. In species with rather to definitely elongate ultimate segments, the sori may be borne on the upper side (the acroscopic side of the seg- ment), on the lower side (the basiscopic side of the segment), on the distal side (the apical side of the segment), or on the inner side (the side adjacent to the axis that bears the segment). Some species are quite distinctive, while others are ill-defined members of complexes. Hybridiza- tion is probably rather frequent, tending to obscure the characters of otherwise distinctive taxa. The species have been arranged, insofar as possible, to bring evidently related species together, although primitive and advanced characters as well as evo- lutionary relations are uncertain. References KRAMER, K. U. 1978. The pteridophytes of Sur- iname. Uitgaven Natuurw. Studiekring Suri- name Ned. Antillen, 93: 1-198. TRYON, R. 1964. The ferns of Peru. Contr. Gray Herb., 194: 1-253. TRYON, R. M., AND A. F. TRYON. 1982. Adian- tum, pp. 319-332, in Ferns and allied plants, Springer- Verlag, New York. Key to Species of Adiantum a. A few to many, orbicular to long indusia on the fertile segment b b. Lamina with 2 equal, strongly recurved rachises, these bearing 1 -pinnate branches on only one side, or with the rachises unequal and 1 bearing a well-developed terminal pinna 1 2. A. patens b. Lamina with a single rachis bearing lateral pinnae c c. Lamina lacking a 1 -pinnate terminal pinna (either gradually reduced to the apex, or with a nearly entire to lobed terminal pinna), or with a 1 -pinnate terminal pinna definitely larger than the adjacent lateral ones d d. Ultimate segments mostly rather broadly flabellate, many or most of them ca. 2 cm or more long, usually deeply cleft into spreading lobes; lamina 2- to usually 3- or 4- pinnate 11. A. digitatum d. Ultimate segments of various shape, if mostly broadly flabellate then either entire or nearly so, or ca. 1 cm long, or the lamina 1 -pinnate e e. Rachis or pinna-rachises glabrous, puberulent, or pubescent; most ultimate seg- ments definitely, although sometimes shortly, stalked, lacking a distinct midvein or with one and very long-stalked f f. Most ultimate segments small, ca. 1 cm in length, or rarely to ca. 2.5 cm and then the fertile without a definite apex and the indusia continuous along the convex side g g. Stalk of the ultimate segments blackish, pubescent, the color ending abruptly at the base of the segment 9. A. imbricatum 52 FIELDIANA: BOTANY FIG. 14. Adiantum concinnum: a, habit; b, base of pinna, abaxial side. Adiantum capillus-veneris: c, ultimate segment. Adiantum pulverulentum: d, portion of rachis with fertile segment, abaxial side. (Adapted from Stolze, Ferns & fern allies of Guatemala, 1981.) TRYON & STOLZE: PTERIDOPHYTA OF PERU. II. 53 g. Stalk of the ultimate segments light-colored to reddish brown, or if black- ish then glabrous h h. Most or many ultimate segments articulate at the junction with the stalk, deciduous by a sharp, clean break, the distal portion of the stalk slightly enlarged; the dark color of the stalk ending abruptly at the base of the segment i i. Lamina 2 4-pinnate, many pinnae 1 -pinnate or more complex; indusia orbicular to orbicular-reniform . 10. A. orbignyanum i. Lamina 1 -pinnate, the pinnae nearly entire to rather deeply in- cised; indusia mostly oblong to lunate 14. A. deflectens h. Segments not articulate, deciduous by the irregular fracture of the stalk, the color of the apex of the stalk usually continuing into the segment base j j. Lamina axes more or less whitish puberulent or pubescent, at least adaxially k k. The distal 1 -pinnate pinnae with the inner, upper pinnule strongly overlaying the rachis; basal pinnae short-stalked 7. A. henslovianum k. The distal 1 -pinnate pinnae with the inner, upper pinnule not or hardly overlaying the rachis; basal pinnae long-stalked 8. A. lohatum j. Lamina axes glabrous 1 1. Basal pinnae definitely stalked, or if very short-stalked then the ultimate segments overlaying the rachis beyond the base of the lamina nearly cuneate m m. Sterile margins of the ultimate segments with each vein ending in a tooth; segments cuneate with a pronounced cartilaginous border 4. A. capillus-veneris m. Sterile margins of the ultimate segments with each vein ending in a sinus between the definite to indefinite teeth, or the margin nearly entire n n. Indusia orbicular to suborbicular; ultimate seg- ments flabellate, or symmetrically or asymmetri- cally cuneate o o. Lamina usually 3- or 4-pinnate, or 2-pinnate well beyond the base 1 . A. raddianum o. Lamina usually 1 -pinnate with large, long- stalked, flabellate pinnae, rarely 2-pinnate ba- sally 13. A. ruizianum n. Some to many indusia oblong to lunate; many ul- timate segments orbicular to suborbicular . . . . p p. Scales borne at the apex of the stem (not those of a leaf-base or bud) with a long, filiform, tortuous tip, the margins denticulate or ciliate 2. A. poiretii p. Scales borne at the apex of the stem (not those of a leaf-base or bud) with a short, nearly straight or curved tip and entire margins . . . 3. A. chilense 1. Basal pinnae nearly subsessile, very short-stalked; the ul- timate segments overlaying the rachis beyond the base of the lamina nearly suborbicular q q. Inner, upper pinnule of lower pinnae divided into 2 or 54 FIELDIANA: BOTANY more ultimate segments; not on lomas 5. A. concinnum q. Inner, upper pinnule of the lower pinnae simple; mostly on lomas 6. A. subvolubile f. Most ultimate segments large, ca. 3 cm or more in length, rarely 2 cm long and the fertile with a definite apex which, beyond the lower pinnules of a penultimate segment, is usually sterile or if fertile then subacute r r. Dark color of the segment stalk entering the base of the segment abaxially; segments glaucous abaxially; indusia long, often arcuate 28. A. platyphyllum r. Dark color of the segment stalk not entering the base of the segment abaxially; segments green abaxially; indusia roundish to lunate s s. Ultimate segments mostly bluntly acute to rounded apically 29. A. peruvianum s. Ultimate segments mostly ovate-cuneate, concavely acuminate, sometimes with an acuminate auricle 30. A. anceps e. Rachis and pinna-rachises scaly or rarely glabrous; ultimate segments (often pin- nae) sessile or subsessile, or mostly some basal ones short-stalked, usually with a distinct midvein well beyond the base t t. Sterile margins regularly serrate; segments dull, usually glaucous abaxially; false veins not or hardly evident abaxially 24. A. petiolatum t. Sterile margins irregularly biserrate; segments green, usually shining abaxially; false veins somewhat to usually very evident abaxially . . . 25. A. obliquum c. Lamina with a 1 -pinnate terminal pinna more or less equal in size to the adjacent lateral ones u u. Rachis and pinna-rachises glabrous, puberulent, or pubescent v v. Pinnules acute or subacute, usually spaced; pinna-rachises puberulent on all sides, or sparsely so or not on the abaxial side 17. A. urophyilum v. Pinnules broadly obtuse, mostly imbricate; pinna-rachises glabrous, puberulent, or pubescent only on the adaxial side, or sometimes also on the lateral side . . w w. Pinna-rachises puberulent or pubescent on the adaxial or also lateral sides 16. A. tomentosum w. Pinna-rachises glabrous on all sides x x. Upper side of the fertile segments entire or nearly so; most indusia or- bicular to suborbicular; penultimate segments (usually pinnae) gradually reduced to a slender, acuminate apex, with small segments near the apex 18. A. macrocladum x. Upper side of the fertile segments shallowly to rather deeply cleft; indusia usually oblong to lunate; penultimate segments (usually pinnae) rather abruptly reduced to a large, acute apex, with large segments near the apex 27. A. mathewsianum u. Rachis and pinna-rachises scaly, sometimes also with trichomes y y. Lamina commonly 4-5-pinnate at the base; basal pinnae very long-stalked; fertile segments cleft on the upper side; indusia nearly orbicular ... 15. A. pectinatum y. Lamina 2-pinnate, very rarely 3-pinnate at the base; basal pinnae rather short- stalked z z. Segments dull abaxially, slightly to strongly glaucous aa aa. Stem rather short-creeping, with crowded petioles; ultimate segments usually abundantly to rarely very slightly pubescent abaxially; pinnae usually acuminate, most of the distal segments (not lobes of the apex) less than half the length of the longest on the pinna 20. A. terminatum aa. Stem often very slender and long-creeping, with the petioles well spaced; TRYON & STOLZE: PTERIDOPHYTA OF PERU. II. 55 ultimate segment usually glabrous abaxially or somewhat pubescent and (or) scaly; pinnae usually acute, most with the distal segment (not lobe of the apex) not much reduced, about half or more the length of the longest on the pinna 23. A. latifolium z. Segments green, usually shining abaxially bb bb. Segments usually coriaceous; many ultimate segments less than twice as long as broad; sterile margins evenly and usually finely serrate 21. A. serratodentatum bb. Segments usually herbaceous; many ultimate segments more than twice as long as broad; sterile margins unevenly and coarsely serrate 19. A. tetraphyllum a. One usually long indusium on each side of the fertile pinna or pinnule, or only on the upper side, or a few additional short ones present cc cc. Lamina 2-pinnate, with a terminal pinna about equal in size to the lateral ones which are gradually reduced to a usually acuminate apex 22. A. pulverulentum cc. Lamina 1 -pinnate, or if 2-pinnate, then the apical segment of the 1 -pinnate pinnae large, about equal to the simple pinnae, or the 1 -pinnate terminal pinna much larger than the 1 -pinnate lateral pinnae dd dd. Rachis with scales or trichomes, or both; pinnae alternate, rarely subopposite ee ee. Stem scales iridescent; rachis with simple or often stellate trichomes, and often with a few scales on the adaxial side, usually glabrous abaxially; lamina 1- or 2-pinnate 26. A. alarconianum ee. Stem scales dull; rachis with scales and often also trichomes on all sides, rarely glabrate ff ff. Rachis with trichomes and scales; lamina 1- or 2-pinnate; segments glabrous or slightly scaly or pubescent abaxially; ultimate segments (usually pinnae) usually ovate, lanceolate or narrowly to broadly elliptic gg gg. The dark color of the segment stalk not or hardly continuing into the base of the segment abaxially 3 1 . A. lucidum gg. The dark color of the segment stalk continuing well into the base of the segment abaxially 32. A. poeppigianum ff. Rachis densely scaly, the scales freely ciliate; lamina 1 -pinnate; the pinnae with long trichomes abaxially, very narrowly long-triangular, long-attenuate 33. A. scalare dd. Rachis glabrous; lamina 1 -pinnate; the pinnae usually opposite . . 34. A. macrophyllum 1. Adiantum raddianum Presl, Tent, pterid. 158. 1836, based on Raddi, PI. bras. nov. gen. 1, /. 78, f. 2. 1825. Adiantum cuneatum Langsd. & Fisch., Icon. fil. 23, /. 26. 1 8 1 0, not Forster, 1 786. TYPE: Brazil, (Santa Catarina), "Ins. St. Catharina," Langsdorff (ho- lotype, LE!; photo, GH; isotype, BM!). Adiantum tinctum Moore, Gard. Chron. 1862: 932. TYPE: Peru, Hort. Veitch (holotype, K.!; photo, GH). Adiantum amabile Moore, Gard. Chron. 1868: 1090, not Liebm. 1849. TYPE: Peru, Pearce (holotype, K!; photo, GH). Adiantum decorum Moore, Gard. Chron. 1 869: 582. TYPE: Peru, Pearce (holotype, K!; photo, GH). Adiantum moorei Baker, Gard. Chron. 1873: 811, based on A. amabile Moore and with the same type. Stem rather stout, very short-creeping, multi- cipital. Leaves ca. 15-55 cm tall, petiole glabrous or slightly scaly at the base, rachis glabrous. Lam- ina elongate-triangular to lanceolate-ovate, broad- ly ovate or deltoid, commonly 3-pinnate, less often 2- or 4-pinnate. Pinnae stalked, ultimate segments cuneate and symmetrical to broadly cuneate-fla- bellate and asymmetrical, glabrous or slightly far- inose, or with sessile glands abaxially, not artic- ulate, the color of the apex of the stalk usually passing into the base of the segment, sterile mar- gins with each vein ending in a more or less well- 56 FIELDIANA: BOTANY developed sinus. Indusia few to several, roundish to suborbicular-reniform. In forests, open woods, thickets, on rocky banks and cliffs, borders of irrigation ditches, 4004000 m, Tumbes south to Puno. Tropical America. Adiantum raddianum may be separated from the closely related A. poiretii by its orbicular to suborbicular indusia. The ultimate segments vary from usually gla- brous abaxially to rather glandular or sometimes slightly farinose. These are sporadic variations and relatively rare within the species. The stalks of the ultimate segments are usually dark in color, including the apex, and this color passes into the base of the ultimate segment. In some collections, however, the dark color does not extend to the apex of the stalk and in others it does, but does not extend into the base of the segment. The latter variation is similar to Adian- tum orbignyanum, although there is no articula- tion at the apex of the stalk and the segments break off irregularly. Tumbes: El Cancho to Cotrina, Coronado 233 (uc). Cajamarca: Prov. Contumaza, Sagdstegui et al. 10879 (GH, MO). Prov. Celendin, 4 km E of Celendin, Hutchison & Wright 5 189 A (F, GH, us). El Puquio, Guzmango, Sa- gastegui 3917 (GH, HUT). Amazonas: 1-2 km W of Mol- inopampa, Wurdack 1507 (F, GH, uc). La Libertad: Prov. Otuzco, Samne, Angulo 1246 (GH). San Martin: Tara- poto. Spruce 4664 (K). Ancash: Prov. Huaraz, 10 km from Cachabamba, Smith & Buddensiek 10903 (F). Prov. Bolognesi, Huasta, Cerrate 2442 (GH, USM). Huanuco: Mito, Macbride & Featherstone 1435 (F, GH, us). Car- pish, Coronado 80 (GH, uc, us). Lima: San Buenaventura, Pennell 14559 (F, GH, NY, PH, us). Junin: La Merced, Soukup 2570 (F, us, USM). 12 km SW of San Ramon, Tryon & Tryon 5446 (BM, F, MO, u, us, USM). Huancav- elica: A 4 km de Conaica, Tovar 979 (GH, USM). Apu- rimac: Chincheros, West 3694 (MO, uc). Cuzco: Potrero, near Quillabamba, Tryon & Tryon 5368 (BM, F, GH, MO, u, us, USM), 5376 (BM, F, GH, MO, u, us, USM). Puno: Juli, near Lake Titicaca, Shepard 14 (NY). 2. Adiantum poiretii Wikstrom, Kongl. Vetensk. Akad. Handl. 1825: 443. 1826, nom. nov. for Adiantum crenatum Poiret, not Willd., March, 1810. Adiantum crenatum Poiret in Lam., Encycl. suppl. 1 : 137, Sept. 1810. TYPE: Tristan d'Acugha (Tris- tan da Cunha), Petit-Thouars (holotype, Herb. Jussieu 1427, P!). Adiantum thalictroides Schlecht., Adumbr. pi. 5: 53. 1 832. TYPE: Mauritius, Petit- Thouars (holotype, Herb. Willd. 20101, B!; photo, GH). Stem slender, rather long-creeping, with tufts of petioles borne at intervals, or sometimes more compact. Leaves ca. 20-50 cm. long, petiole gla- brous or slightly scaly at the base, rachis glabrous or rarely slightly ceraceous. Lamina elongate-del- toid, to broadly ovate-deltoid, 3-pinnate (rarely 2- or 4-pinnate). Pinnae stalked, ultimate segments cuneate- to subcordate-flabellate, mostly subor- bicular, rather symmetrical, glabrous or occasion- ally somewhat farinose or glandular-pubescent abaxially, not articulate, the color of the apex of the stalk usually passing into the base of the seg- ment, sterile margins with each vein ending in a more or less well-developed sinus. Indusia few, oblong to long-lunate, or the smallest ones round- ish. Wooded hillsides, open woods, thickets, lomas, and rocky places, 1200-4200 m, Cajamarca and Amazonas, south to Puno and Arequipa. Mexico and the West Indies, south to Argentina; mid-Atlantic islands and Africa and adjacent is- lands. The many orbicular to suborbicular ultimate segments, with at least some oblong to lunate in- dusia, and the usually creeping stem with the leaves borne at intervals in clusters, distinguish this species from Adiantum raddianum. It differs from Adiantum chilense principally in the tufts of scales at the apex of the stem. These scales are ciliate or denticulate and have a long, filiform, tortuous tip in A. poiretii, while they are entire-margined and have a short, straight or curved tip in A. chilense. Rarely the scales of A. poiretii have a rather short, nearly straight tip although the margins are ciliate-denticulate. Pichi-Sermolli (Webbia 12: 693-695. 1957) considered the plants of Tristan da Cunha to rep- resent a distinct species and restricted the name Adiantum poiretii to it. The widespread American and African species is then known as Adiantum thalictroides. However, a thorough study of the variations of this widespread species needs to be made, including Adiantum chilense, before an ap- propriate classification of the group can be made. Rare specimens that have the ultimate segments somewhat farinose or pubescent abaxially occur scattered through the range of A. poiretii and are considered as within the variation of the species. Yellow farina occurs among the sporangia rather TRYON & STOLZE: PTERIDOPHYTA OF PERU. II. 57 frequently and this also seems to be a variant of the species. Cajamarca: Prov. Celendin, 4 km E of Celendin, Hutchison & Wright 5189 (F, GH). Prov. Contumaza, Guzmango, Sagdstegui el al. 10391 (GH, MO, uc). Ama- zonas: Conila, Soukup 4166 (us). La Libertad: Between Huamachuco and Cajabamba, Correll & Smith P918 (GH, us). Prov. Santiago de Chuco, Cachicadan, Sagds- tegui et al. 10391 (F). Ancash: Cerca a Llamac, Cerrate 2371 (GH, USM). Huanuco: Muna, Macbride 3932 (F, us). Mitotambo, Ferreyra 10382 (GH, USM). Lima: Churin, Ferreyra 5356 (GH, USM). Pasco: Paucartambo (as Junin), Woytkowski 6728 (MO). Junin: 10 km E of Huancayo, Tryon & Tryon 5468 (BM, F, MO, u, us, USM). Huancav- elica: Andaimarca, Tovar 1815 (GH, USM). Ayacucho: Between Huanta and Rio Apurimac, Killip & Smith 22320 (F, NY, us). Cuzco: Near town of Machu Picchu, Tryon & Tryon 5403 (BM, F, MO, u, us, USM). Arequipa: 14 km S of Arequipa, Eyerdam & Beetle 22123 (GH). Puno: Salcedo, Soukup 1 (F, GH, uc, us). 3. Adiantum chilense Kaulf. var. hirsutum Hook- er & Grev., Icon. fil. 2, t. 173. 1830. TYPE: Chile, Gillies (holotype, K! or E, Herb. Gre- ville?; photo, GH of K). Adiantum poiretii var. hirsutum (Hooker & Grev.) Tryon, Amer. Fern J. 47: 141. 1957. Stem slender, rather long-creeping, with tufts of leaves borne at intervals, or sometimes more com- pact. Leaves ca. 10-30 cm long, petiole glabrous or pubescent or slightly scaly at the base, rachis glabrous or pubescent. Lamina elongate-deltoid to broadly ovate-deltoid, 2-(rarely 3-)pinnate. Pin- nae stalked, ultimate segments cuneate to subcor- date-flabellate, mostly suborbicular, rather sym- metrical, pubescent or also farinose abaxially, not articulate, the color of the stalk passing into the segment base or not, sterile margins with each vein ending in a rather well-developed sinus. Indusia few, oblong or lunate, or the smaller ones round- ish. Terrestrial, lomas of Capac and Atiquipa, 400- 600 m, Arequipa. Southern Peru and Chile. Adiantum chilense var. hirsutum is pubescent and sometimes also somewhat farinose on the abaxial side of the ultimate segments. Variety chi- lense is glabrous abaxially and another variety of Chile (Adiantum suphureum Kaulf.) is densely bright yellow-farinose abaxially. The species Adiantum chilense is distributed from southern Peru to Argentina and Chile; also in the Juan Fer- nandez Islands. The distinctions from the closely related Adiantum poiretii are discussed under that species. The materials of var. hirsutum of Peru, and in some cases of Chile, may be rather intermediate between the two species. Arequipa: Lomas de Capac, Coronado 42 (GH). Lomas de Atiquipa, Coronado 31 (GH). 4. Adiantum capillus-veneris L.. Sp. pi. 1 096. 1753. LECTOTYPE (designated by Pichi-Sermolli inWebbia 12:678. 1957): LINN 1252.9; pho- to, A. Figure 14c. Stem rather slender, short- to long-creeping. Leaves ca. 15-45 cm long, petiole glabrous, or slightly scaly at the base, rachis glabrous. Lamina elongate-deltoid to ovate to elongate-ovate, 2-3- pinnate. Pinnae stalked, ultimate segments cu- neate-flabellate to suborbicular, rather symmet- rical or not, glabrous abaxially, not articulate, the color of the apex of the stalk passing into the base of the segment, sterile margins with a cartilaginous border, each vein ending in a tooth. Indusia few, nearly squarish to oblong. Damp, gravelly sea cliffs, banks of irrigation ditches, and local seepage areas, sea level to 2000 m, Lima and lea. Tropical and temperate America; Old World. This species is distinct among those of Peru by the pronounced cartilaginous border on the ma- ture segments, the light grayish brown stem scales, and the veins that end in a tooth of the sterile margin. Its close correlation with city, suburban, and resort areas suggests that it is adventive as an escape from cultivation. Lima: Laguna de Villa, Coronado 4 (GH, MO, uc, us). Miraflores, Tryon & Tryon 5216 (BM, F, GH, MO, u, uc, us, USM). Chorillos, Gentry & Prance 16461 (F, USM). lea: Huamani (USM). 5. Adiantum concinnum Willd., Sp. pi. ed. 4, 5: 451. 1810. TYPE: Venezuela, (Dist. Federal), Caracas, Humboldt & Bonpland (holotype, B!, Herb. Willd. 20099; photo, GH). Figure 14a b. Stem moderately slender, rather short-creeping, often multicipital. Leaves ca. 20-80 cm long, pet- iole glabrous or slightly scaly at the base, rachis 58 FIELDIANA: BOTANY glabrous. Lamina ovate-oblong to linear-lanceo- late, 2-pinnate (except at the very base) to gener- ally 3-pinnate. Pinnae subsessile, the basal pinnule divided into 2 ultimate segments, at least at the base of the lamina overlaying the rachis, ultimate segments cuneate-flabellate to broadly so to su- borbicular, rather symmetrical or not, glabrous abaxially, not articulate, the color of the apex of the stalk passing into the base of the segments, sterile margins with each vein ending in a sinus. Indusia few to several, roundish or reniform to lunate. In woods and along irrigation ditches, 200-2000 m, Tumbes to Ancash. Mexico and West Indies, south to Ecuador and adjacent Peru. In Peru, especially in Tumbes, there is variation within plants in the number of ultimate segments on the basal pinnules of the basal pinnae. Coron- ado 222 has one to four ultimate segments, and 229 has two to three. With rare exception, A. con- cinnum has two such ultimate segments, and A. subvolubile, one. Tumbes: Between Tumbes and Cancho, Coronado229 (GH, uc). Between Cancho and Cotrina, Coronado 222 (GH, uc). Piura: Hills of Chiarnique, Barbour 2154 (MO). Cerca a Chanchaque, Ferreyra 10813 (GH, USM). Lam- bayeque: 20 km from Olmos on road to Jaen, Correll & Smith P791 (GH). Cajamarca: Prov. Contumaza, alrede- dores de San Benito, Sagdstegui 3742'/2 (GH). Ancash: Prov. Santa, Lampanin, Mostacero et al. 1819 (F, GH). 6. Adiantum subvolubile Kuhn, Linnaea 36: 77. 1869. TYPE: Ecuador, (Azuay), Puente de Han os. Spruce 5318 (holotype, B!; isotypes, BM!, GH!, K!). Stem rather slender, moderately long-creeping, or rather compact. Leaves ca. 20-60 cm long, pet- iole glabrous or slightly scaly at the base, rachis glabrous. Lamina more or less elongate-ovate, 2- or 3-pinnate in the center. Pinnae subsessile, the basal pinnule undivided, overlaying the rachis, basal pinnae often reduced or withered, ultimate segments symmetrical or not, glabrous abaxially, not articulate, the color of the apex of the stalk passing into the base of the segment, sterile mar- gins with each vein ending in a usually well-de- veloped sinus. Indusia few, roundish or nearly re- niform to lunate. Usually growing on the coastal lomas, in crev- ices of rocks or at the base of rocks, less often on the ground, 50-3300 m, Piura to Cuzco and Mo- quegua. Ecuador and Peru. On the lomas Atacongo and Amancaes, Dept. Lima, a few collections vary toward Adiantum concinnum in having some leaves with two ulti- mate segments on the basal pinnule of the basal pinnae: Cerrate 2721, Soukup 3136, Coronado 13 (GH). Considering the distance from A. concinnum in northern Peru, these are regarded as variants within A. subvolubile. Piura: Olmos to Pucara, Gentry et al. 22630 (F, MO, us). Canchaque, Ferreyra 3095 (USM). Cajamarca: Sum- mit of Cerro Prieto, Haught 280 (us). La Libertad: Lo- mas de Viru, Coronado 283 (GH, uc). Ancash: Lomas de Mongon, Coronado 303 (GH, uc). Huanuco: Gorge of Rio Chinchao, Tryon & Tryon 5315 (BM, F). Lima: Loma de Atacongo, Pennell 14762 (F, GH, NY, PH), Ferreyra 2440 (BM, GH, USM). Loma de Amancaes, Coronado 13 (GH, MO, uc, us), Tryon & Tryon 5214 (BM, F, MO, u, us, USM). Cuzco: Prov. Urubamba, quebrada de Pamahuan- ca, Vargas 16017 (GH). Arequipa: Molendo, Johnston 3573 (GH, us). Lomas de Capac, Coronado 38 (uc, us). Moquegua: Ilo, D. Stafford 931 (BM). 7. Adiantum henslovianum Hooker f., Trans. Linn. Soc. London 20: 169. 1847. LECTOTYPE (designated by Porter, J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 81: 95. 1980): Ecuador, Galapagos Islands, Charles Island, Sept. 1835, Darwin (CGE). IS- OLECTOTYPE: Herb. Hooker, K!; photo, GH. Adiantum sessilifolium Hooker, Sp. fil. 2: 44. 1851. TYPE: Peru, Chachapoyas, Mathews 1855 (ho- lotype, K!; photos, GH, us). Adiantum laetum Kuhn, Linnaea 36: 76. 1 869. TYPE: Peru, (Amazonas), Chachapoyas, Mathews 3295 (holotype, B; isotype, K!; photos, GH, us of K). Adiantum henslovianum var. macrosorum Hieron., Hedwigia 48: 238. 1909. SYNTYPES: Peru, (Amazonas), near Leimabamba, Stiibel 1931 , B!, (Cajamarca), near Celendin, Stiibel 1046, B!. Stem rather small, very short-creeping. Leaves ca. 1 5-90 cm long, petiole glabrate to more or less persistently short-pubescent, the rachis puberulent to short-pubescent. Lamina ovate to elongate-del- toid, 2-pinnate. Pinnae with the pinna-rachis whitish-puberulent to short-pubescent, ultimate segments whitish-pubescent abaxially, or slightly so, sterile ones moderately lobed, those nearest the acute to broadly rounded terminal segment greatly reduced or not, the basal pinnule of at least the upper pinnae overlaying the rachis. Indusia few, roundish, reniform to lunate, borne on the upper and distal sides. TRYON & STOLZE: PTERIDOPHYTA OF PERU. II. 59 Rocky slopes and Inca walls, 1400-2700 m, Lambayeque to Cuzco. Venezuela to Ecuador and Peru. Adiantum sessilifolium has been separated from A. henslovianum primarily on the basis of its pu- bescent pinna-rachises while in the latter species these are puberulent. However, there is intergra- dation in this character and the distinction of the species cannot be maintained. Lambayeque: 31 km from Olmos on road to Jaen, Correll & Smith P807 (GH). Cajamarca: W of Balsas, Osgood & Anderson 67 (F), Osgood 67 (us). 40 km from Cajamarca on road to Chilete, Correll & Smith P842 (GH). La Libertad: Prov. Pataz, between Alpamarca and Retamas, Lopez & Sagdstegui 3634 (GH). Huanuco: Muna, Bryan 428 (F, GH). Cuzco: Cuzco, 1854, Lobb (BM). 8. Adiantum lobatum Presl, Reliq. haenk. 1: 62, t. 10, f. 4. TYPE: Ecuador, (Guayas), Gua- yaquil, 1790, Haenke (holotype, PR; photo, GH). Stem rather slender, short-creeping. Leaves to 60 cm long, petiole atropurpureous, glabrous. Lamina deltoid to long-triangular, 2-3-pinnate, rachis and pinna-rachis whitish-puberulent, es- pecially on the adaxial side. Pinnae with the ul- timate segments glabrous, mostly oblong to tra- peziform, the basal ones more or less flabellate, entire to sometimes rather strongly incised, stalks very short to usually short, the dark color entering the base of the segment, sterile vein tips end be- tween indistinct marginal crenulations. Indusia or- bicular to suborbicular or a few sublunate, borne on the upper and distal sides. Brushy and rocky hillsides, 150-1400 m, Tumbes and Lambayeque. Ecuador and Peru. Adiantum lobatum is a rare species, perhaps re- lated to A. patens or A. henslovianum. The present limited material makes any assessment of it un- certain. Tumbes: El Cancho, Coronado 227 (uc). Lambayeque: Prov. Lambayeque, Dist. Olmos, Vdsquez et al. 4952 (USM). 27 km from Olmos on road to Jaen, Correll & Smith P80I (GH, LL, us). 31 km from Olmos on road to Jaen, Correll & Smith P808 (GH, LL). 9. Adiantum imbricatum Tryon, Amer. Fern J. 47: 142, t. 15. 1957. TYPE: Peru, Cuzco, La Tranca, Sues 1377 (holotype, us!; isotypes, cuz!, F!, GH!). Stem not seen. Leaves ca. 1 2-30 cm long, petiole brownish short-pubescent or glabrate, rachis brownish short-pubescent. Lamina long-oblong to elongate-triangular, 2-pinnate, basal pinnae stalked, those above short-stalked, the innermost pinnule overlaying the rachis. Pinna axes brown- ish short-pubescent, ultimate segments broadly cuneate-flabellate to suborbicular, rather to quite symmetrical, mostly imbricate, pubescent abaxi- ally, subarticulate at the junction with the stalk, the apical portion of the stalk slightly enlarged, its color abruptly distinct from that of the segment base, sterile margins not seen. Indusia several to numerous, roundish to orbicular-reniform, often closely spaced. Rather rocky places, 1600-2000 m, Cuzco. Endemic to Peru. This is a distinctive species, adequately distin- guished from others in Peru by the characters pro- vided in the key. Cuzco: Puente de Collpani, Biies 1303 (us). La Tranca, Rio Mapillo, Bites 1305 (us). 10. Adiantum orbignyanum Kuhn, Linnaea 36: 78. 1869. LECTOTYPE (designated by Tryon, Contr. Gray Herb. 194: 175. 1964): Bolivia, Mandon 52, B!; photo, GH. LECTOPARA- TYPES: Bolivia, La Laguna, D'Orbigny 412, B!; Bolivia, Mandon 1577, B!; Peru, Poeppig, not seen. ISOLECTOPARATYPE: Bolivia, Mandon 1577, GH!. Stem slender, long-creeping, often branched, or more compact. Leaves ca. 1 5-40 cm long, petiole glabrous or slightly scaly at the base, rachis gla- brous. Lamina lanceolate to narrowly ovate-del- toid, 2-(rarely 3-)pinnate. Pinnae stalked, ultimate segments cuneate-flabellate to suborbicular, rather symmetrical or not, glabrous abaxially, articulate at the junction with the stalk, the apical portion of the stalk enlarged, its color abruptly distinct from that of the segment base, the segment decid- uous with a sharp clean break, sterile margins with each vein ending in a usually well-developed sinus. Indusia few to several, roundish to orbicular-re- niform. 60 FIELDIANA: BOTANY Most commonly in open, rocky places, 2 1 00- 4000 m, Cajamarca to Cuzco. Peru, Bolivia, and northwestern Argentina. The articulate segments of this species are best observed in older leaves that are fully developed, and especially in leaves in which some of the seg- ments have fallen off. In these the stalks with a slightly enlarged apex may easily be observed. In some cases the stem is rather long-creeping, bear- ing clusters of leaves at intervals, as often in A. poiretii and A. chilense. Cajamarca: San Miguel, July 30, 1952, Dias (USM). Huanuco: Pachachupam, Feb., 1 940, Ridoult (USM). Jun- in: Below Palca, Correll & Smith P766 (GH, us). Apu- rimac: Cachora to Huillcayocc, Vargas 9104 (uc). Cuzco: Yucay, Herrera 714 (us), 718 (us), 7/95 (us), Coronado 146 (GH, uc). San Sebastian, Pennell 13621 (F, GH, NY, PH). 10 km SE of Cuzco, Solomon 3010 (F, MO). 11. Adiantum digitatum Hooker, Sp. til. 2: 38. 1851 (Presl, Tent, pterid. 159. 1836, nomen nudum). TYPE: Brazil, Sello (holotype, K!; photo, GH). Adiantum speciosum Hooker, Sp. fil. 2: 45, t. 85C. 1851. LECTOTYPE (Designated by Tryon, Contr. Gray Herb. 194: 178. 1 964): Ecuador, Sasaranga, Seemann 953, K.!; photo, GH. Adiantum palmatum Moore, Gard. Chron. 1877: 40, / 5. TYPE: Peru, Roezl ex hort. B. S. Williams (holotype, K!; photo, GH). Stem moderately stout, long-creeping. Leaves ca. 45-1 50 cm long and the long ones subscandent, petiole tawny short-pubescent or glabrate, some- times slightly scaly toward the base, rachis similar but not scaly. Lamina deltoid, 3-4-pinnate or less often 2-pinnate. Pinnae stalked, the axes tawny short-pubescent or rarely glabrate, ultimate seg- ments usually more or less suborbicular, deeply cleft into about 4-7 spreading lobes, quite sym- metrical or not, usually flabellately veined, pu- bescent abaxially, rarely glabrate, the color of the apical portion of the stalk abruptly distinct from that of the segment base or not, sterile margins with each vein ending in a tooth. Indusia few to several, oblong, straight or nearly so. In rocky places or at the base of rocks, in woods, or on brushy hillsides, 100-4000 m, Tumbes to Puno. Ecuador to Argentina, Uruguay, and Brazil. Adiantum digitatum is a distinctive species with its flabellate venation, deeply cleft segments, and frequently much elongated leaf that is up to 1.5 m long. Most of the axes, especially those of the pin- nules, are at right angles to the axis that bears them. In the northern half of Peru this species is frequent on lomas and a characteristic part of their flora. Tumbes: Between Cancho and Cotrina, Coronado 217 (GH, uc). Piura: W of Canchaque, Stork 11396 (GH, us). Canchaque, Ferreyra 10894 (GH, USM). Lambayeque: Ol- mos to Jaen, Correll & Smith P829 (GH). Cajamarca: El Puquio, Guzmango, Sagdstegui 3915 (GH). La Libertad: Lomas Campana, Coronado 280 (GH, uc). Lomas de Viru, Coronado 287 (GH). Ancash: Huasta, Cerrate 2478 (USM). Prov. Santa, arriba de Lampanin, Mostacero et al. 18 18 (F, GH). Huanuco: Muna, Macbride 3919(F, GH, us) Lima: Lomas de Chancayllo, Hutchison 6296 (F, GH, us). Lomas de Patavilca, Coronado 306 (GH, uc). Lomas de Chancay, Ferreyra 8700 (GH, USM). Junin: 10 km below Palca, Walden 3 (BM), 6 (BM). Cuzco: Vilcambam- ba, Vargas 4018 (uc, us). Chincheros, Davis et al. 1802 (F). Puno: Ollachea, Vargas 6917 (MO, uc, us). 12. Adiantum patens Willd., Sp. pi. ed. 4, 5: 439. 1810. TYPE: Venezuela, (Dist. Federal), Ca- racas, Bredemeyer (holotype, B!, Herb. Willd. 20078; photo, GH; isotype, w!). Stem rather small, short-creeping. Leaves ca. 20-45 cm long, petiole glabrous or slightly puber- iilent, rachises similar. Lamina deltoid-ovate to nearly circular, with 2 equal, strongly recurved rachises, these bearing 1 -pinnate branches on only 1 side, or with the rachises more or less unequal and one bearing a well-developed terminal pinna. Penultimate segments with the axes glabrous to puberulent, rarely short-pubescent, ultimate seg- ments glabrous abaxially, or rarely whitish short- pubescent, sterile ones moderately lobed, or evenly serrate, those nearest the broadly rounded termi- nal segment reduced or not, the basal ultimate segments hardly or not overlaying the adjacent axis. Indusia few, roundish, lunate or reniform, borne on the upper and distal sides. In woods and on shaded rocks, 150-2050 m, Tumbes south to Cuzco. Mexico and Central America; Venezuela and Colombia south to Bolivia. The architecture of the lamina is distinctive in this species and similar to that of Adiantum pe- datum of North America. TRYON & STOLZE: PTERIDOPHYTA OF PERU. II. 61 Tumbes: Between Cancho and Cotrina, Coronado 233 (GH). I 'i ura: Talara, H aught 92 (us). Huancabamba, Fer- reyra 10877 (GH, USM). Lambayeque: Prov. Lambayeque, Ldpez el al. 4045 (GH, HUT). Olmos to Jaen, Correll & Smith P806 (GH, us ). Amazonas: Prov. Bagua, entre Montenegro y Lumba, Lopez et al. 4228, in part (HUT). Cuzco: Machu Picchu, Vargas 3352 (MO, us). 13. Adiantum rui/ianum KJotzsch, Linnaea 18: 551. 1845. TYPE: Peru, Ruiz 26 (holotype, B!). Adiantum veitchianum Moore, Gard. Chron. 1868: 1090. TYPE: Peru, (Huanuco), Mufia, Pearce (holotype, K.!; photo, GH). Adiantum steerei Harr., J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 16: 34. 1877. LECTOTYPE (designated by Tryon, Contr. Gray Herb. 194: 176. 1964): Peru, (Amazonas), Poma Cocha, Steere , K!. ISOLECTOTYPES: GH!, MO!, us!. Adiantum microsorium C. Chr., Index fil. 30. 1905, based on A. veitchianum but an unnecessary new name as Ballard (Kew Bull. 1954[4]: 560) has pointed out. Stem slender, long-creeping. Leaves 1 5-45 cm long, petiole glabrous or slightly scaly at the base, rachis glabrous. Lamina oblong or oblong-linear or oblong- tapering, 1-2-pinnate. Pinnae mostly long-stalked, ultimate segments broadly cuneate- flabellate to suborbicular, usually rather or quite symmetrical, glabrous, not articulate, the color of the apex of the stalk passing into the base of the segment, sterile margins with each vein ending in a more or less well-developed sinus. Indusia sev- eral to numerous, orbicular or nearly so, usually closely spaced. Damp or shaded rocky places, 1600-2900 m, Amazonas, Huanuco, Pasco, and Junin. Endemic to Peru. Most of the material seen is 1 -pinnate with rath- er large, flabellate pinnae on long, slender stalks. Rarely, the lamina may be 2-pinnate and then the segments may be smaller, more elongate and with shorter stalks. Amazonas: Prov. Chachapoyas, Chachapoyas-Men- do/a. Lopez & Aldave 8523 (HUT). Prov. Chachapoyas, Calla Calla, Hutchison & Wright 4798 (F, GH), Wurdack 1182 (F, GH, us). Prov. Chachapoyas, encima de Lei- mabamba. Ferreyra 15598 (uc, us). Huanuco: Muna, Bryan 515 (F, us), Macbride 3942 (F, us). Woytkowski 5223 (GH, MO). Pasco: Prov. Oxapampa, Palcazu, van der Werffet al. 8378 (MO). Dos de Mayo (as Junin), Killip & Smith 25846 (BM. F, GH. NY, us). Junin: Huacapistana, Tryon & Tryon 5434 (F). 1 4. Adiantum deflectens Mart., Icon. pi. crypt. 94. 1834. TYPE: Brazil, Prov. Para, Santarem, Martius (not located). Stem small, short-creeping to nearly erect. Leaves ca. 1 5-30 cm long, petiole very slender, glabrous, rachis similar. Lamina 1 -pinnate, often of two kinds, one oblong to very elongate-triangular, with a terminal segment, the pinnae cuneate-flabellate to broadly so, asymmetrical, the other kind linear, with a long, naked, rooting rachis tip, the pinnae cuneate-flabellate to cuneate-ovate, nearly or quite symmetrical. Pinnae stalked, entire or more or less cleft into 2-7 close lobes, glabrous, the segment articulate at the junction with the stalk, the apical portion of the stalk enlarged, abruptly distinct in color from the base of the segment, sterile margins finely and sharply serrate, with each vein ending in a tooth. Indusia few, oblong to linear, nearly straight to long-arcuate. In damp, shady places, 820-1700 m, Cuzco. Mexico and Central America; Guianas to Co- lombia, south to Peru, Paraguay, and Brazil. This is one of the most distinctive of the Pe- ruvian species. The 1 -pinnate lamina in some leaves ends in a terminal segment, while in other leaves the lamina has a long, naked, rooting tip. The correct name for this species depends upon a careful study of its group throughout tropical America and the types of the several names in- volved. Among these are Adiantum delicatulum Mart., A. dolabriforme Hooker, A. rhizophyllum Mart., A. filiforme Hooker, A. phillipense L., A. lunulatum Burm., A. flagellum Fee, and A. subar- istatum Fee. Cuzco: Prov. La Convencion, Hacienda Sahuayaco, Bues 822 (us), Vargas 1658 (GH), 7660 (GH). Puente de Collpani, Bites 1298 (us). Machu Picchu to Quillabamba, Mexia 8088a (F, GH, MO, uc, us). Yanayco Grande, Bues 1035 (us). Prov. La Convencion, Quellouno, Vargas 13553 (GH). 1 5. Adiantum pectinatum Ettingsh., Farnkr. Jetzw. 85, /. 45, figs. 14-16. 1865. TYPE: Brazil, Goyaz, Pohl 1481 (holotype, w!; isotypes, B! (s.n.), GH!). Stem very stout, moderately creeping. Leaves very large, up to 2 m long or more, petiole very stout (to nearly 1 cm in diameter at the base), deciduously pubescent-scaly, the rachis rather per- 62 FIELDIANA: BOTANY sistently so. Lamina broadly deltoid-ovate to del- toid-circular, 4-5-(rarely 6-)pinnate, the basal pin- nae largest. Pinnae widely alternate, pinna-rachis pubescent-scaly, ultimate segments glabrate or slightly scaly abaxially, sterile ones deeply incised- lobed, those nearest the rather obtuse to acute ter- minal segment of the penultimate segments mod- erately to greatly reduced. Indusia several, orbi- cular or mostly so, borne on the upper and sometimes also a few on the distal side. In woods and dense forests, 700-2000 m, San Martin to Cuzco and Madre de Dios. Costa Rica to Argentina and Brazil. This species is characterized by the ultimate seg- ments that are incised on the upper edge, and the complex lamina that is commonly 4-5-pinnate at the base. It is the largest of the adiantums, some leaves reaching a length of 2 m or more. San Martin: Moyabamba to Huallaga, Stubel 1091 (B). Tarapoto, Spruce 4781 (K). Huanuco: Pampayacu, Ka- nehira 130 (GH). Junin: La Merced, Soukup 1082 (F), Tryon & Tryon 5437 (BM, F, MO, u, us, USM). Cuzco: Torontoy. Herrera 1297 (us). Prov. La Convention, ba- jios de Rosalina, Vargas 12289 (GH). Madre de Dios: Parque National de Manu, M. S. Foster P-84-58 (MO). 16. Adiantum tomcntosum KJotzsch, Linnaea 18: 553. 1845. TYPE: "British Guiana", Schom- burgk 1202, (holotype, B!; frag., GH!, us!). Stem moderately stout, rather long-creeping. Leaves to ca. 1.25 m long, more or less deciduously puberulent, the rachis persistently so. Lamina ovate-deltoid or broadly so to broadly ovate-ob- long, 2-pinnate. Pinnae with the pinna-rachis pu- berulent to pubescent only on the adaxial side or also sometimes on the lateral sides, glabrous abax- ially, the terminal pinna reduced at the base, pin- nules glabrous, usually imbricate, sterile ones rath- er coarsely but evenly serrate, those nearest the usually acute terminal segment moderately re- duced. Indusia numerous, roundish to short-ob- long, borne on the upper and distal sides, some- times a few also on the inner side. In dense forests, 1 00-650 m, Amazonas to Madre de Dios. Guianas to Colombia, south to Peru and Brazil. This is one of the more distinctive species. The pinna-rachises are puberulent or pubescent, but not on the abaxial side, and the ultimate segments are obtuse and usually closely imbricate. In Peru it is most common in the Amazon basin. Amazonas: Prov. Bagua, entre Montenegro y Lumba, Ldpez et al. 4228 in part (HUT). Prov. Bagua, near Cas- cadas de Mayasi, Wurdack 1940 (GH, us). San Martin: Palo Blanco, J. Schunke V. 5629 (F, us). Loreto: Iquitos, Killip & Smith 27415 (NY, us). Prov. Maynas, Rio Na- nay, Gentry et al. 22368 (F, MO, uc). Prov. Maynas, Rio Momon, Sounders 1366 (F, GH). Huanuco: Tingo Maria, Tryon & Tryon 5295 (BM, F, GH, MO, NY, u, uc, us, USM). Pasco: Puerto Bermudez (as Junin), Killip & Smith 26549 (GH, NY, us). Madre de Dios: Prov. Tambopata, Tam- bopata Nature Reserve, Barbour 5181 (F, MO). 17. Adiantum urophyllum Hooker, Sp. Ml. 2: 24, /. 84B. 1858. SYNTYPES: Colombia, Island of Gorgona, Barclay, Hinds; Ecuador, Sal- ango, Seemann; all presumably at K. Adiantum pilosum Baker, Ann. Bot. (London) 5: 207. 1 89 1 , not Fee, 1 852. TYPE: Colombia, Kalbreyer 956 (holotype, K!; photo, GH). Adiantum kalbreyeriC. Chr., Index fil. 28. 1905, nom. nov. for Adiantum pilosum Baker and with the same type. Adiantum ceciliae Alston, Lilloa 30: 109. /. 4-5. 1960. TYPE: Peru, Dept. Junin, south bank of Rio Per- ene, within 15 miles of confluence of Rio Chan- chamayo and Rio Paucartambo, Gascoyne-Cecil 50 (holotype, BM; paratype, same data and col- lector, 47 BM). Stem moderately stout, moderately long-creep- ing. Leaves ca. 60-90 cm long, petiole deciduously puberulent, the rachis persistently so. Lamina ovate, 2-pinnate. Pinnae few, pinna-rachis puber- ulent, pinnules glabrate, nearly subacute, mostly spaced, sterile ones coarsely and unevenly serrate, those nearest the long-acuminate terminal seg- ment greatly reduced. Indusia several to numer- ous, roundish, borne on the upper and distal sides. One collection seen from a forested slope, 1 200 m, Huanuco. Costa Rica to Peru. The pinna-rachises that are puberulent on all sides make this a distinctive species. If the pub- erulence is eroded from the abaxial side, then the subacute and mostly spaced pinnules will separate it from Adiantum tomentosum. Huanuco: Prov. Huanuco, Dist. Churubamba, Ha- cienda Mercedes, Mexia 8175 (BM, F, GH, MO, uc, us). TRYON & STOLZE: PTERIDOPHYTA OF PERU. II. 63 18. Adiantum macrocladum KJotzsch, Linnaea 18: 554. 1845. TYPE: Peru, Poeppig 1147, (ho- lotype, B!; photo, BM; isotypes, GH!, LE!, us!). Adiantum mexiae Copel., Univ. Calif. Publ. Bot. 19: 303. 1941. TYPE: Peru, Huanuco, Mexia 8292 . (holotype, uc; isotypes, GH!, us!). Stem moderately stout, rather long-creeping. Leaves up to 1 m long, petiole glabrous, the rachis similar. Lamina more or less circular to broadly ovate, 2-pinnate above the basal pinnae, where it is 3-pinnate. Pinnae with the pinna-rachis gla- brous, pinnules glabrous, often imbricate or nearly so, sterile ones mostly evenly serrate, those nearest the long-acuminate terminal segment greatly re- duced. Indusia numerous, mostly orbicular or nearly so, borne on the upper side. In dense forests, 300-1500 m, San Martin to Madre de Dios. Endemic to Peru. The wholly glabrous pinna-rachises separate this species from Adiantum tomentosum which also has obtuse and usually closely imbricate pinnules. San Martin: Prov. Mariscal Caceres, 2 km abajo de Tocache Nuevo, J. Schunke V. 3435 (GH, MO, us). Huan- uco: Tingo Maria, Stork & Morton 9531 (F, uc, us). Pas- co: Prov. Oxapampa, W side of Cordillera de San Matias, D. Smith 2013 (F). Cahuapanas on Rio Pichis, (as Junin), Killip & Smith 26790 (NY, us). Ucayali: Prov. Coronel Portillo, Bosque Nacional von Humboldt, J. Schunke V. 10404 (F, MO). Madre de Dios: Cocha Cashu station, Rio Manu, Foster 2565 (GH), Foster el al. 6905 (F). 19. Adiantum tetraphyllum Willd., Sp. pi. ed. 4, 5: 441. 1810. LECTOTYPE (designated by Lellinger, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. 89: 704. 1977): Venezuela, (Sucre), Caripe, Humboldt, B!, Herb. Willd. 20082-2; photo, GH. LEC- TOPARATYPE: America, Vahl, B!, Herb. Willd. 20082-1; photo, GH. Stem long-creeping and slender to short-creep- ing and moderately stout, or compact. Leaves ca. 40-150 cm long, petiole persistently to decidu- ously pubescent-scaly, the rachis densely and per- sistently pubescent-scaly to moderately so. Lam- ina deltoid-ovate, to ovate-oblong, 2-pinnate. Pinnae with the pinna-rachis densely to moder- ately pubescent-scaly, pinnules green, often shin- ing abaxially, glabrous, somewhat scaly or pubes- cent abaxially, the sterile margins unevenly and coarsely serrate. Indusia few to many, roundish to long-oblong, borne on the upper and distal sides, or sometimes also on the inner side. In forests and on forested slopes, sometimes in seasonally inundated forests, 100-1 500 m, Tumbes to Madre de Dios. Tropical America. Adiantum tetraphyllum is treated as a variable species in Peru. It may be distinguished from re- lated species by its 2-pinnate lamina with a ter- minal 1 -pinnate pinna about the same size as the adjacent lateral ones, the pubescent-scaly rachis and pinna-rachises, the ultimate segments that are green and often shining abaxially, and most of them more than twice as long as broad with the sterile margins unevenly and coarsely serrate. In Tryon ( 1 964) several species were recognized in the A. tetraphyllum complex, but the material of these is now regarded as part of the variation of A. tetraphyllum. Some of these species may be distinctive in other regions of tropical America (for example, A. villosurri) and the Peruvian specimens were erroneously associated with their name. In other cases they evidently represent one extreme or another of the variations within A. tetraphyl- lum. These species include Adiantum cayennense Klotzsch, A. fructuosum Sprengel, and A. villos- issimum Kuhn. Another species of this complex, Adiantum fuliginosum Fee (A. hirtum Splitg. 1 840, not (Sw.) Poiret, 1810), is sometimes credited to Peru. The variation in Adiantum tetraphyllum in Peru includes the following characters: (a) stem long- creeping and slender to short-creeping and mod- erately stout, or compact; (b) lamina axes densely pubescent-scaly to moderately so; (c) pinnae acute with the distal segments about half as long as the longest on the pinna to long-acuminate with the distal segments much reduced; (d) ultimate seg- ments glabrous, somewhat scaly, or pubescent abaxially; (e) apex of the ultimate segments obtuse to acute; and (/) indusia few to many on a fertile segment, roundish to long-oblong. Tumbes: Prov. Zarumilla, Dist. Matapola, Campo Verde, J. Schunke V. 2363 (F, GH, us). Between Cancho and Cotrina, Coronado 223 (GH, uc). Amazonas: Prov. Bagua, above Cascadas de Mayasi. Wurdack 1972 (F, GH, us). San Martin: Tarapoto, Spruce 4665 (K). Prov. Mariscal Caceres, Tocache Nuevo, J. Schunke V. 3876 (F). Loreto: Rio Itaya. near Iquitos, Tryon & Tryon 5197 (BM, F, GH, MO, USM). Rio Nanay, near Iquitos, Tryon & Tryon 5177 (BM, F, GH, MO, u, us, USM). Huanuco: Tingo Maria, Tryon & Tryon 5294 (BM, F, GH, MO, u, uc, us, USM). Pasco: Prov. Oxapampa, cerca de Puerto Ber- mudez, Leon et al. 297 (USM). Prov. Oxapampa, Cor- 64 FIELDIANA: BOTANY dillera de San Matias, D. Smith 2013A (MO). Junin: La Merced, Tryon & Tryon 5438 (BM, F, GH, MO, u, uc, us, USM). Ucayali: Prov. Coronel Portillo: Parque Nacionai von Humboldt to Puerto Inca, Croat 51054 (MO). Ay- acucho: Between Huanta and Rio Apurimac, Killip & Smith 22623 (F, NY, us). Cuzco: Prov. La Convencion, below Puerto Capiro, Davis el al. 1312 (F, GH). Prov. Quispichanci, entre Machichi y Inambari, Vargas 16458 (GH). M ad re de Dios: Prov. Tambopata, Tambopata Na- ture Reserve, Harbour 5306 (MO). Prov. Tambopata, Rio Piedras, Vargas 18626 (GH). 20. Adiantum terminatum Miq., Het. Instit. Versl. Meded. Ned. Instit. Wet. 1842: 3. 1843. (Cit- ed by C. Chr., Index fil., as Diar. Inst. Reg. Bat.) TYPE: Surinam, Bergendall, Focke (ho- lotype, u!). Stem rather slender, short- to rather long-creep- ing. Leaves ca. 2045 cm long, petiole deciduously pubescent-scaly, the rachis persistently so. Lamina broadly deltoid to oblong or oblong-ovate, 2-pin- nate. Pinnae with the pinna-rachis pubescent-sca- ly, pinnules dull green to faintly glaucous, with numerous simple trichomes abaxially, sterile ones mostly coarsely and evenly serrate, those nearest the acuminate terminal segment reduced. Indusia several to numerous, very short-oblong, borne on the upper and often also on the distal and inner sides. Caripe, Humboldt & Bonpland (holotype, B!, Herb. Willd. 20088; the two sterile leaves, B!; photos, BM, GH). Stem slender, very long-creeping. Leaves ca. 35- 65 cm long, petiole deciduously pubescent-scaly, the rachis persistently so. Lamina deltoid-ovate to oblong-ovate, 2-pinnate. Pinnae with the pinna- rachis pubescent-scaly, pinnules coriaceous, not glaucous, glabrate or slightly scaly abaxially, sterile ones evenly serrate, those nearest the usually ob- tuse terminal segment of the pinna not much re- duced. Indusia few to several, roundish to oblong or sublunate, borne on the strongly recurved mar- gin on the upper and distal, rarely the inner, sides. In forests and in open habitats among grasses, 750-1500 m, Piura to Cuzco. Mexico; West Indies; tropical South America. This species has coriaceous and usually small, oblong pinnules. The sterile margins are usually finely and evenly serrate. Piura: Cerro de Chiris, Panojal, Bues 17 11 (us). San Martin: Zepelacio, near Moyobamba, Klug 3462 (F, GH, MO, NY, us). Loreto: Prov. Requena, Rio Ucayali, En- carnacion 25032, in part (MO). Huanuco: Pampayacu, Tump (USM). Cuzco: Prov. La Convencion, Vargas 17279 (GH). In primary, or less often in secondary forests, 100-800 m, San Martin and Loreto to Puno. Southern Mexico and Guatemala; Trinidad; tropical South America. This species is characterized by usually many indusia on the fertile segment, the gradually re- duced pinna-apex, and the long, simple trichomes on the segments abaxially. San Martin: Prov. Mariscal Caceres, Palo Blanco, J. Schunke V. 57 15 (F, us). Loreto: Prov. Maynas, Rio Momon, Sounders 1370 (F, GH). Near Iquitos, Klug 1270 (NY, us). Nauta, Ferreyra 5134 (USM). Huanuco: Tingo Maria, Tryon & Tryon 5327 (BM, F, GH, MO, u, uc, us, USM). Pasco: Prov. Oxapampa, Rio Palcazu, Leon 705 (F). Prov. Oxapampa, Paujil, Leon 303a (USM). Junin: Puente Perene, Coronado 262 (GH, uc). Ucayali: Bosque Nacionai von Humboldt, Narita 8 (USM). Cuzco: Prov. Paucartambo, Rio Tono, Wachter et al. 218 (F). Madre de Dios: Prov. Manu, Cerro de Pantiacolla, Foster et al. 10699 (F). Prov. Tambopata, Tambopata Nature Re- serve, Barbour 5192 (MO). Puno: San Gaban, Lechler 2319, 2319a (B). 21. Adiantum serratodentatum Willd., Sp. pi. ed. 4, 5: 445. 1810. TYPE: Venezuela (Sucre), 22. Adiantum pulverulentum L., Sp. pi. 2: 1096. 1753. LECTOTYPE (designated by Proctor, Flora Lesser Antilles 2: 185. 1977): Plumier, Descr. pi. Amer. /. 47. 1693. Figure 14d. Stem moderately stout, rather short-creeping. Leaves ca. 30-90 cm long, petiole more or less persistently pubescent-scaly, the rachis usually persistently so. Lamina short-oblong to oblong- ovate, 2-pinnate. Pinnae with the pinna-rachis pu- bescent-scaly, pinnules glabrate to somewhat scaly abaxially, sterile ones coarsely serrate, those near- est the acute to long-acuminate terminal segment greatly reduced. Indusium long, 1 (rarely 2) borne on the upper side, rarely a shorter one also on the distal side. In dense or partially open forests or in secondary growth, 100-1800 m, Loreto south to Cuzco and Madre de Dios. Tropical America. The usually single, long indusium is sufficient to characterize this 2-pinnate species. It is espe- cially common in the Amazon basin. TRYON & STOLZE: PTERIDOPHYTA OF PERU. II. 65 Loreto: Mouth of Rio Santiago, Mexia 6133a (GH, NY, uc, us). Rio Itaya, Killip & Smith 29431 (F, GH, NY, us). Near Iquitos, Tryon & Tryon 5194 (BM, F, GH, MO, u, USM). Huanuco: Prov. Pachitea, Dist. Puerto Inca, D. Smith 1261 (MO). Pasco: Prov. Oxapampa, Villa Rica- Yesu, Smith et al. 5461 (GH). Junin: Polonia, Satipo, 1940, Ridoutt (us). Cuzco: Prov. La Convention, Rio Sam bray, Mexia 8066 (F, GH, MO, uc, us). Madre de Dios: Prov. Manu. Cerro de Pantiacolla, Foster et al. 10717 (F). 23. Adiantum latifolium Lam., Encycl. 1:43. 1783. Type: uncertain, there is no specimen in Herb. Lamarck; Brazil, Commerson (Herb. Jussieu no. 1408) P!; photos, GH, us, is evidently a hybrid. The name is applied in its traditional sense. Adiantum humile Kunze, Linnaea 9: 80. 1834. TYPE: Peru, (San Martin), Huallaga, Mission Tocache, June, 1830, Poeppig (holotype, LZ destroyed), ex char., the description suggests that the name is a synonym of A. latifolium. Adiantum killipii Maxon & Weath., Amer. J. Bot. 19: 166. 1932. TYPE: Panama, Canal Zone, Ancon Hill, Killip 2752 (holotype, us!). Stem slender, very long-creeping to moderately stout and short-creeping. Leaves ca. 30-70 cm long, petiole deciduously pubescent-scaly, the rachis persistently so. Lamina deltoid to ovate-deltoid or ovate-oblong, 2-pinnate. Pinnae with the pinna- rachis pubescent-scaly, pinnules herbaceous, glau- cous abaxially, glabrate, or with simple trichomes abaxially, with the sterile ones evenly serrate, those nearest the usually acute terminal segment of the pinna usually not much reduced. Indusia several, usually oblong, and on the lower as well as the upper side. In woods and in dense forests, 100-1000 m, Amazonas and San Martin to Cuzco and Madre de Dios. Tropical America. This 2-pinnate species has the segments glau- cous abaxially and the sterile margins finely and evenly serrate. It is especially common in the Am- azon basin. Amazonas: Prov. de Bagua, above Cascadas de May- asi, Wurdack 1899 (us). San Martin: Prov. Mariscal Caceres, Tocache Nuevo, J. Schunke V. 3410 (F). Loreto: Rio Putumayo, Peru-Colombia boundary, Klug 1631 (F, GH, MO, NY, us). Dist. Iquitos, Fundo Indiana, Mexia 6389 (BM, F, GH, MO, NY, PH, uc, us). Rio Itaya, near Iquitos, Tryon & Tryon 5170 (BM, F, MO, u, us, USM). Huanuco: Prov. Pachitea, Bosque Nacional de Iparia, J. Schunke V. 1139 (F, GH, us ). Junin: Near La Merced, Killip & Smith 24003 (NY, us). Ucayali: Bosque Nacional von Humboldt, Gentry et al. 36219 (F, MO). Ayacucho: Rio Apurimac valley, near Kimpitiriki, Killip & Smith 22925 (GH, NY, us). Cuzco: Prov. Paucartambo, Kosni- pata, Vargas 10202 (MO, uc). Madre de Dios: Prov. Tam- bopata, Vargas 18577 (GH), 18630 (GH). 24. Adiantum petiolatum Desv., Ges. Naturf. Freunde Berlin Mag. Neuesten Entdeck. Ges- ammten Naturk. 5: 326. 1811. TYPE: uncer- tain, not seen at p. Adiantum kaulfussii Kunze, Linnaea 21: 221. 1848. LECTOTYPE (designated by Tryon, Contr. Gray Herb. 194: 149. 1964): Martinique, Sieber, Fl. Martin. 371 (holotype, LZ destroyed; isotype, B!). Stem slender, long-creeping to somewhat stout and more compact. Leaves ca. 2040 cm long, petiole glabrate, rachis similar. Lamina more or less oblong and 1 -pinnate or deltoid and 2-pin- nate, with the pinnate pinnae few, entire pinnae ovate-lanceolate to oblong, strongly asymmetrical at the base. Pinnae and pinnules dull, usually glau- cous abaxially, sterile margins evenly serrate. In- dusia several, oblong-arcuate to long-arcuate or nearly straight, more numerous on the upper than on the distal side. In forests, disturbed forests, secondary growth, or on wet, shaded cliffs, 100-600 m, Amazonas to Madre de Dios. Tropical America. One of the variations of Adiantum petiolatum has a glabrous rachis. This may be distinguished from other species by the 1 -pinnate lamina with elongate pinnae with the sterile margins evenly serrate. Plants of Adiantum petiolatum with the lamina 2-pinnate may be, at least in part, hybrids with Adiantum latifolium. Jermy and Walker (Bull. Brit. Mus. (Nat. Hist), Bot. 13: 254. 1985) described Adiantum x variopinnatum as a hybrid between diploid and 1 -pinnate A. petiolatum and tetraploid and 2-pinnate A. latifolium. Some 2-pinnate col- lections may represent this hybrid, while others may involve another 2-pinnate species, or simply be a 2-pinnate variation of A. petiolatum. Speci- mens that have the apical pinna much larger than the few adjacent lateral ones are most likely to represent hybrids. Amazonas: Prov. Bagua, above Cascadas de Mayasi, Wurdack 2055 (F, GH, MO, uc, us). San Martin: Prov. 66 FIELDIANA: BOTANY Mariscal Caceres, Rio Chiote, J. Schunke V. 4307 (F, GH, us). Loreto: Near Iquitos, Tryon & Tryon 5191 (BM, F, GH, MO, u, uc, us, USM). Salinas, Rio Mazan, Schunke 377 (F, GH, NY, uc, us, USM). Huanuco: Prov. Pachitea, Bosque Nacional de Iparia, J. Schunke V. 2965 (F, GH, us). Pasco: Prov. Oxapampa, valle del Palcazu, Ledn 677 (F). Junin: Rio Satipo, 1 940, Ridoutt (USM). Ucayali: Bosque Nacional von Humboldt, Gentry et al. 36382 (MO). Cuzco: Prov. Quispicanchi, Punkiri, Vargas 15412 (GH). Madre de Dios: Culpa, Rio Manu, A/. 5. Foster P- 84-36 (uc). 25. Adiantum obliquum Willd., Sp. pi. ed. 4, 5: 429. 1810. LECTOTYPE (designated by Lei- linger, Mem. New York Bot. Card. 23: 13. 1972.): Venezuela, (Dist. Federal), Caracas, Bredemeyer, B!, Herb. Willd. 20067-1; pho- tos, BM, GH. LECTOPARATYPE: Portorico (Puerto Rico), Ventenat, B!, Herb. Willd. 20067-2; photos, BM, GH. Stem slender, long-creeping to compact, often branched. Leaves ca. 20-60 cm long, petiole de- ciduously or persistently pubescent-scaly, rachis similar. Lamina broadly linear to elongate-trian- gular and 1 -pinnate or deltoid to deltoid-ovate and 2-pinnate, with the pinnate pinnae few. Entire pin- nae and pinnules oblong to long-triangular, strong- ly asymmetrical at the base, green, usually shining abaxially, sterile margins unevenly biserrate. In- dusia several, short to long-oblong, straight or ar- cuate, more numerous on the upper than on the distal side. In dense forests or on wooded slopes, 250-1 500 m, San Martin to Cuzco and Madre de Dios. Tropical America. Plants with 2-pinnate leaves may be within the variation of Adiantum obliquum, or they may be, at least in part, hybrids of A. obliquum with 2- pinnate species. Those with a very large terminal pinna are the most likely to be hybrids. San Martin: Prov. Mariscal Caceres, Tocache Nuevo, J. Schunke V. 7046 (F, MO). Loreto: Rio Itaya, near Iqui- tos, Tryon & Tryon 5201 (BM, F, MO, u, us, USM). Huan- uco: Tingo Maria, Tryon & Tryon 5253 (BM, F, MO, u, us, USM). Pasco: Prov. Oxapampa, cerca a Puerto Ber- mudez, Leon et al. 294 (GH, USM). Junin: Chanchamayo valley, C. Schunke 101 (F), 763 (us). Cuzco: Prov. La Convencion, Puerto Capiro, Rio Apurimac, Davis et al. 1294 (F, uc). Madre de Dios: Prov. Tambopata, Tam- bopata Nature Reserve, Barbour 4763 (F, MO). Maldon- ado, Lopez 4585 (GH). 26. Adiantum alarconianum Gaud., Voy. Bonite Bot. t. 99. 1 846. TYPE: Ecuador, (Guayas), Guayaquil, April, 1836, Gaudichaud (holo- type, P!; isotype, B!; frag., us!; photo, us of FI). Adiantum incisum Presl, Reliq. haenk. 1: 61, /. 10, / 3. 1825, not Forssk. 1775. LECTOTYPE (des- ignated here): Ecuador, Guayaquil, Haenke 10, PR or PRC?, not seen; ISOLECTOTYPES: BM!, w!. LECTOPARATYPE: Haenke 9 (not seen). Stem moderately stout, short-creeping, scales ir- idescent. Leaves ca. 30-50 cm long, petiole gla- brous or slightly pubescent-scaly on the adaxial side, rachis similar but definitely pubescent-scaly on the adaxial side, usually glabrous elsewhere. Lamina linear to broadly linear and 1 -pinnate or broadly ovate-oblong and 2-pinnate. Entire pin- nae or pinnules oblong-falcate to long-triangular, strongly asymmetrical at the base, alternate, gla- brate abaxially, sessile or subsessile. Indusium sin- gle, long, borne on the upper side. In woods, ca. 650 m, Tumbes. Ecuador and adjacent Peru. This is a distinctive species with iridescent stem scales and the indument of the rachis usually con- fined to the adaxial side. In leaves with a 2-pinnate lamina, only the basal or lower pinnae are 1 -pin- nate. Tumbes: Prov. Zarumilla, Bosque Nacional de Tumbes, J. Schunke V. 2385 (F, GH, us). Between Cancho and Cotrina, Coronado 218 (GH, uc). Tumbes to Cancho, Coronado 228 (uc). 27. Adiantum mathewsianum Hooker, Sp. fil. 2: 35. 1851. TYPE: Peru, (Amazonas), Chach- apoyas, Mat hews 3296 (holotype, K!; photo, us; frag, ex K, NY!). Stem stout, short-creeping. Leaves usually large, to 1 m or more long, petiole glabrous, rachis sim- ilar. Lamina broadly ovate-triangular, to 4-pin- nate. Pinnae widely alternate, the basal very large, ultimate segments mostly oblong to trapeziform, bluntly acute (the terminal one acute to acuminate) glabrous, short-stalked, articulate, the dark color of the stalk not entering the segment, the inner edge often overlaying the axis. Indusia many, borne on the upper and often the distal side, short-oblong to lunate. In forests, 450-1 300 m, Amazonas, San Martin, and Junin. Peru to Paraguay. TRYON & STOLZE: PTERIDOPHYTA OF PERU. II. 67 This is a glabrous species with mostly blunt ul- timate segments. The stalks of the segments are short and articulate. Amazonas: Prov. Bagua, above Cascadas de Mayasi, Wurdack 2024 (OH, us). Prov. Bagua, ca. 5 km S of La Peca, Barbour4315 (MO). Prov. Bongara, Dist. Sipabam- ba, Young & Eisenberg 320 (F). San Martin: Tabalosos, Stiibel 1084 (B). Junin: La Merced, Soukup 1116 (F). Chanchamayo, 1918, Esposto (USM). 28. Adiantum platyphyllum Sw., Kongl. Vetensk. Akad.Handl. 1817: 74, /. 3,f. 6. 1817. TYPE: Brazil, Minas Gerais, Villa Rica, Freyreis (ho- lotype, Herb. Sw., S-PA!; frag., us!). Stem moderately stout, short-creeping. Leaves up to ca. 0.7 m long, petiole glabrous, rachis sim- ilar. Lamina broadly triangular to ovate-triangu- lar, 2-pinnate, or small ones oblong, 1 -pinnate. Pinnae widely alternate, the basal largest, ultimate segments ovate-lanceolate, cuneate, long-acute to long-acuminate, glabrous, decidedly glaucous abaxially, long-stalked, not articulate, the dark col- or of the stalk entering the base of the segment beneath, large. Indusia borne on the upper and distal sides (the inner and lower sides not well denned), numerous, mostly long-oblong, often ar- cuate. In forests, 350-1700 m, San Martin to Madre de Dios. Ecuador to Bolivia and Brazil. The long-stalked, large, glaucous and long-acu- minate ultimate segments combine to make this a distinctive species. The dark color of the stalk enters the base of the segments, while in the fol- lowing two species, the stalk is articulate at its apex and the dark color does not enter the segment base. San Martin: Zepelacio, near Moyobamba, Klug 3490 (F, GH, MO, NY, us). San Roque, LI. Williams 7446 (F, us). Huanuco: Pozuzo, Macbride 4570 (F, us). Junin: Chanchamayo valley, C. Schunke 4, 1366, 1368 (F, us). Madre de Dios: Prov. Tambopata, Vargas 18674 (GH). 29. Adiantum peruvianum Klotzsch, Linnaea 1 8: 555. 1845. SYNTYPES: Peru, (Junin), Vitoc, Ruiz 25 (B!); Peru, Chachavani, Ruiz 27 (B!). Frag, ex B, Ruiz & Pavon 25 (us!). Stem large and massive, very short-creeping. Leaves to 1 m long, petiole glabrous, rachis sim- ilar. Lamina broadly ovate-triangular, to 3-pin- nate, or small ones elongate-triangular or oblong, 1 -2-pinnate. Pinnae widely alternate, the basal largest, ultimate segments mostly ovate-trapezi- form, bluntly acute or rounded (the terminal bluntly acute), glabrous, long-stalked, articulate, the dark color of the stalk not entering the segment, large. Indusia many, borne on the upper and distal sides, few if any on the inner side, roundish to short- oblong or lunate. In rich humus in forests, or on rocky slopes or canyon sides in forests, 750-2800 m, Huanuco to Cuzco. Ecuador to Bolivia. The bluntly acute ultimate segments distinguish this species from the related Adiantum anceps. Small fertile leaves may be 1 -pinnate, in larger ones they are 2-3 -pinnate. Huanuco: Puente Durand, north of Huanuco, Stork & Morton 9448 (F, GH, uc, us). Gorge of Rio Chinchao, Tryon & Tryon 5313 (BM, F, MO, u, us, USM). Pasco: Prov. Oxapampa, a Oxapampa, Leon 475 (USM). Junin: Puente San Felix, Cerrate 2869 (GH, USM). 10 km W of San Ramon, Tryon & Tryon 5450 (BM, F, MO, USM). Ucayali: Boqueron de Padre Abad, 1943, Ridoutt (USM). Cuzco: Santa Rosa, Urubamba valley, Cook & Gilbert 1714 (us). 30. Adiantum anceps Maxon & Morton, Amer. Fern J. 24: 15. 1934. TYPE: Peru, Junin, La Merced, Killip & Smith 24069 (holotype, us!; isotype, NY!). Stem large and massive, short- or very short- creeping. Leaves to 1.5 m long, petiole glabrous, rachis similar. Lamina broadly ovate-triangular, to 3-pinnate, or small ones elongate-triangular or oblong, 1- or 2-pinnate. Pinnae widely alternate, the basal largest, ultimate segments mostly ovate- cuneate concavely acuminate, glabrous, long- stalked, articulate, the dark color of the stalk not entering the segment, large. Indusia borne on the upper and distal sides (the inner and lower sides not well denned), numerous, roundish to short- oblong or lunate. In forests, on steep forested slopes, less often at the edge of forests or among wet rocks, 200-2000 m, Amazonas to Cuzco. Colombia, Ecuador, and Peru. The concavely acuminate, rather than bluntly acute, ultimate segments separate this species from the related Adiantum peruvianum. 68 FIELDIANA: BOTANY Amazonas: Prov. Bagua. above Cascadas de Mayasi, Wurdack 1885 (F, GH, us). San Martin: Juan Jui, Alto Rio Huallaga, Klug 4255 (BM, F, GH, MO, NY, uc, us, USM). Pongo de Cainarachi, Rio Cainarachi, Klug 2688 (BM, F, GH, MO, NY, us). Huanuco: Tingo Maria, Tryon & Tryon 5288 (BM, F, GH, MO, NY, u, uc, us, USM). Pasco: Prov. Oxapampa, near confluence of Rio Palcazu and Rio Iscozacin, D. Smith 1957 (MO). Junin: La Merced, Killip & Smith 23478 (F, GH, NY, us). Ucayali: Vicinity of Aguaytia, Croat 20997 (MO), Mathias & Taylor 3589 (F). Cuzco: Prov. La Convencion, Quellouno, Vargas 13556 (GH). 31. Adiantum lucidum (Cav.) Sw., Syn. til. 121. 1806. Pteris lucida Cav. Descr. pi. 266. 1802. TYPE: Ec- uador, (Bolivar), Guaranda. Nee (holotype, MA?; isotype, s!). Stem moderately stout, short-creeping. Leaves mostly 30-60 cm long, petiole deciduously pu- bescent-scaly, rachis similar. Lamina oblong, 1- or 2-pinnate at the base. Entire pinnae asymmetri- cally ovate-lanceolate to long-triangular, unequal- ly cuneate, alternate, glabrous or slightly scaly abaxially, not articulate, the dark color of the stalk not or hardly continuing into the base of the pinna, midvein indistinct or lacking in the apical half. Indusia single, long, on each side of the pinna. In forests, 300-700 m, San Martin to Madre de Dios. Panama; Trinidad and Tobago; Guianas to Co- lombia and south to Peru. Jermy and Walker (Bull. Brit. Mus. (Nat. Hist.), Bot. 13: 173-175. 1985) consider Adiantum lu- cidum to be a 1 -pinnate sexual diploid species in Trinidad. Peruvian plants that have a 2-pinnate lamina may be hybrids with a 2-pinnate species, or they may be part of the variation of A. lucidum. San Martin: Prov. Mariscal Caceres, Tocache Nuevo, J. Schunke V. 4320 (F, GH, us). Huanuco: Prov. Pachitea, Bosque Nacional de Iparia, J. Schunke V. 1373 (F). Jun- in: Prov. Chanchamayo, Pichanaki, van der Werffel al. 8620 (MO). Rio Satipo, 1 940, Ridoutt (us, USM). Madre de Dios: Prov. Tambopata, Rio Piedras, Vargas 18628 (GH). 32. Adiantum poeppigianum (Kuhn) Hieron., Hedwigia48: 231. 1909. Adiantum lucidum var. poeppigianum Kuhn, Jahrb. Kongl. Bot. Gart. Berlin, 1: 340. 1881. TYPE: Peru, (Loreto), Prov. Maynas, Poeppig 2268 (ho- lotype, B!; isotypes, BM!, GH!, LE!, us!). Stem rather slender, long-creeping. Leaves ca. 30-50 cm long, petiole deciduously pubescent-sca- ly, rachis similar. Lamina roundish-ovate to ovate- oblong, usually 1 -(rarely 2-)pinnate at the base. Entire pinnae lanceolate-cuneate to ovate-lanceo- late and subcordate, broadest at or near the base, especially the terminal one, subopposite to alter- nate, glabrous or slightly scaly abaxially, not ar- ticulate, the dark color of the stalk continuing into the base of the pinna, midvein distinct to the apex. Indusia single, very long, on each side of the pinna or pinnule. In dense, or sometimes in rather open, forests, 135-500 m, Amazonas and Loreto to Madre de Dios. Endemic to Peru. This species is distinguished from the somewhat similar Adiantum lucidum by the dark color of the stalk of the segment continuing well into the base of the segment. It is perhaps closer to Adiantum phyllitidis, which is not known from Peru but may occur there. Characters of the two species are men- tioned in Comments. Amazonas: Prov. Bagua, entre Aramango y Monte- negro, Lopez et al. 4227 (GH). San Martin: Prov. Mar- iscal Caceres, Dist. Campanilla, J. Schunke V. 4222 (F, us). Juan Jui, Ferreyra 4525 (GH, USM). Loreto: Puerte Arturo, below Yurimaguas, Killip & Smith 27724 (F, NY, us). Yurimaguas, Killip & Smith 28013 (F, NY, us). Huan- uco: Prov. Pachitea, Bosque Nacional de Iparia, J. Schunke V. 1243 (F, GH, us), 1911 (F, GH, us). Junin: Satipo, 1 940, Ridoutt (GH, USM). Rio Negro to Satipo, IVoytkowski 5843 (uc, us). Madre de Dios: Parque Na- cional de Manu, M. S. Foster P-84-97 (MO). 33. Adiantum scalare Tryon, Amer. Fern J. 47: 141, /. 15. 1957. TYPE: Peru, Loreto, Rio Santiago, Mexia 6162 (holotype, uc!; iso- types, BM!, F!, GH!, K.I, MO!, PH!). Stem moderately stout, short-creeping. Leaves ca. 60-75 cm long, petiole deciduously scaly, rach- is persistently scaly. Lamina ovate or oblong-ovate, 1 -pinnate, the basal pinnae rarely with a large bas- al, basiscopic segment. Pinnae closely alternate, very narrowly long-triangular, entire, often auri- culate, with long brown trichomes abaxially. In- dusia single, very long, on each side of the pinna. In dense forests, 200-400 m, Amazonas to Madre de Dios. TRYON & STOLZE: PTERIDOPHYTA OF PERU. II. 69 Endemic to Peru. This is a very distinctive species, with long, nar- rowly triangular pinnae that are pubescent abax- ially and usually have a small, basal, acroscopic auricle. Amazonas: Prov. Bagua, above Cascadas de Mayasi, Wurdack 2000 (GH, us). San Martin: Prov. Mariscal Caceres, Dist. Campanilla, /. Schunke V. 4253 (F, GH, us). Loreto: Prov. Maynas, Pebas and vicinity, Plowman et al. 7034 (F, GH). Huanuco: Prov. Pachitea, Bosque National de Iparia, Puerto Inca, J. Schunke V. 2975 (F, GH). Pasco: Cahuapanas, on Rio Pichis, (as Junin), Killip & Smith 26741 (F, GH, NY, us). Ucayali: Prov. Coronel Portillo, San Alejandro, Espinoza 281 (USM). Prov. Co- ronel Portillo, Bosque Nacional de Iparia, Iparia, /. Schunke V. 2647 (F, GH). Madre de Dios: Manu National Park, Gentry et al. 27208 (MO). 34. Adiantum macrophyllum Sw., Prodr. 135. 1788. TYPE: Jamaica, Swartz (holotype, Herb. Swartz, s!). Stem moderately stout, short to moderately creeping. Leaves mostly 30-60 cm long, petiole glabrous, rachis similar. Lamina oblong-acute or elongate-triangular, 1 -pinnate. Pinnae essentially opposite, rarely some alternate, entire, long-tri- angular to ovate-triangular, broadly cuneate, oc- casionally auriculate or biauriculate, acute to acu- minate, glabrous, glaucous or dull abaxially, subsessile, not articulate, the dark color of the short stalk entering the base of the pinna, large. Indusia single, long, borne on each side of the pinna, rarely 2 or 3 on some pinnae. In woods, in dense forests, on shaded banks, and in rocky places, especially along streams, or in disturbed vegetation, 200-2500 m, Amazonas to Puno. Tropical America. This is one of the distinctive species of Adian- tum. It has a 1 -pinnate lamina, commonly op- posite pinnae that are glabrous or glaucous abax- ially, and the fertile pinna usually has a single long indusium on the upper and lower sides. Amazonas: Prov. Bagua, 5 km S of La Peca, Barbour 4316 (F, MO, USM). San Martin: Tarapoto, Woytkowski 35247 (MO, uc), Soukup 5127 (GH). Loreto: Rio Mara- non, above Pongo de Manseriche, Mexia 6179a (uc). Huanuco: Hacienda Mercedes, Mexia 8186 (F, GH, MO, uc, us). Pasco: Pichis Trail, between San Nicolas and Azupizu, Killip & Smith 26112 (F, NY, us). Junin: La Merced, Soukup 1111 (F). Ayacucho: Estrella, between Huanta and Rio Apurimac, Killip & Smith 23056 (F, GH, NY, us). Cuzco: Potrero, Tryon & Tryon 5388 (BM, F, MO, u, us, USM). Madre de Dios: Alto Madre de Dios, Rauh PI 667 (B). Puno: Prov. Sandia, Chunchosmayo, Weber- bauer 1267 (B). Comments Adiantum phyllitidis John Sm., London J. Hot. 1: 197. 1842. TYPE: British Guiana, Schom- burgk 300 (BM or K). This species occurs in the Guianas where it is rather common, westward to Colombia, and it may occur in Peru. It is very close to Adiantum poep- pigianum and the following key will serve to dis- tinguish these two similar species: Terminal pinna entire, ovate-acuminate to rather narrowly ovate-acute, subcordate to broadly cuneate at the base, broadest at or near the base; the lateral entire pinnae similar; or sometimes the apical pinna with 1 or 2 prominent basal auricles A. poeppigianum Terminal pinna entire, lanceolate to elliptical, cuneate to narrowly rounded at the base, broadest well above the base; the lateral entire pinnae similar A. phyllitidis XV. Pteris Pteris L., Sp. pi. 1073. 1753; Gen. pi. 484. 1754. TYPE: Pteris longifolia L. Figure 15. Terrestrial. Stem erect or short- to long-creep- ing, bearing scales. Leaves usually monomorphic, borne at intervals or in a cluster, the petiole with 1-2 (more?) vascular bundles near the base. Lam- ina 1-5 -pinnate, with pinnate or pedate architec- ture, the basal pinnae often with enlarged basis- copic segments, usually glabrous or somewhat scaly or pubescent abaxially, veins free to wholly anas- tomosing without included free veinlets. Sori on a marginal commissure connecting the vein ends, covered by a well-differentiated marginal indu- sium, paraphyses absent or rarely present. Spores tetrahedral-globose or globose, usually with an equatorial flange, tuberculate to reticulate. 70 FIELDIANA: BOTANY FIG. 15. Pteris biaurita: a, habit; b, portion of fertile pinna, abaxial side. Pteris altissima: c, portion of pinna, adaxial side. (Adapted from Stolze, Ferns & fern allies of Guatemala, 1981.) TRYON & STOLZE: PTERIDOPHYTA OF PERU. II. 71 Pteris is a pantropical genus of about 200 species, a few of them temperate. Twenty-three species are in Peru, and three of these, Pteris cretica, P. tri- partita, and P. vittata, are adventive. It is difficult to place the species of Pteris into natural groups. In this treatment the species with less derived lamina architecture (more complex and pinnate) are followed by those with a derived architecture (less complex or not pinnate), and free- veined species precede those with areolate veins. The stem and leaves of species with very large leaves such as Pteris Hvida, P. tripartita, and P. podophylla are poorly represented in herbaria, and consequently fragmentary specimens may be dif- ficult or impossible to determine with certainty. Adequate specimens of these species are much de- sired. Most species of Pteris have awns on the adaxial side of the costa of the penultimate segments at the base of each costule. A few species such as Pteris lechleri and P. decurrens lack these awns, and some such Pteris speciosa have them on some costae and not on others. The genus is notable for the often enlarged basal pinnae with elaborated segments on the basiscopic side. The treatment of Pteris in Tryon ( 1 964) has been somewhat modified through the study of new col- lections. References TRYON, R. 1964. Pteris, pp. 188-210, in The ferns of Peru. Contr. Gray Herb., 194: 1-253. TRYON, R. M., AND A. F. TRYON. 1982. Pteris, pp. 332-341, in Ferns and allied plants, Spring- er- Verlag, New York. Key to Species of Pteris a. Veins free (rarely areolae may be present) b b. All pinnae, or those above the base, entire c c. Lamina with the basal pinnae usually with a single large pinnule, rarely entire; pinnae 1-5 pairs, cuneate or decurrent, the basal largest or nearly so 22. P. cretica c. Lamina 1 -pinnate; the pinnae 10 to many pairs, subcordate, the basal ones reduced 23. P. vittata b. All pinnae pinnatifid or more complex, rarely reduced apical ones are entire d d. Basal pinnae 1 -pinnate or more complex beyond the basal pinnules e e. Penultimate segments 1 -pinnate, except sometimes toward the apex; ultimate segments mostly narrowed at the base, at least on the acroscopic side f f. Basal pinnae the largest but each much smaller than the remaining portion of the lamina which is 1-3-pinnate at the base; ultimate segments very coriaceous ... 3. P. coriacea f. Basal pinnae very large, lamina nearly tripartite, 5-pinnate at the base; ultimate segments herbaceous 18. P. bakeri e. Penultimate segments deeply pinnatifid or 1 -pinnate only at the base; ultimate segments broad at the base g g. Costa of the penultimate segments (and other axes) smooth abaxially, with deciduous trichomes, rarely scales; segments usually herbaceous 1 . P. deflexa g. Costa of the penultimate segments shortly muricate to muricate-spiculate abaxially (the other axes usually similar), with a caducous scale, rarely a trichome, borne at the apex of each process; segments coriaceous 2. P. muricata d. Basal pinnae deeply pinnatifid beyond the 1 (rarely 2 or more) enlarged, basal, inferior, pin- natifid pinnule(s) h h. Veins arising from the costules of the ultimate segments, or near their base 4. P. quadriaurita h. One or 2 veins, especially in the basal portion of the penultimate segment, arising from the costa of the penultimate segment about halfway between adjacent costules 5. P. pungens 72 FIELDIANA: BOTANY Venation areolate or predominantly so, or at least a row of areolae along the costa of the penultimate segment i i. Pinnae irregularly lobed or some of them entire 17. P. petiolulata i. Pinnae all entire or regularly pinnatifid or pinnate j j. Nearly all ultimate segments (usually pinnae or pinnules) stalked, entire, mostly 1 5-40 cm long k k. Costal areolae very long and narrow, diverging from the costa; lamina 1 -pinnate; margins of the sterile pinnae entire back of the apex 15. P. grandifolia k. Many costal areolae not, or not much, longer than their breadth along the costa 1 1. Lamina 2-(rarely 3-)pinnate at the base, or 1 -pinnate in small leaves; most or many of the longer areolae 4 times or more longer than broad; margins of the sterile pinnae serrate back of the apex 14. P. haenkeana 1. Lamina 1 -pinnate, or rarely with an enlarged basal inferior pinnule on the basal pinnae; most of the longer areolae about twice as long as broad; margins of the sterile pinnae entire back of the apex 16. P. splendens j. Ultimate segments joined at the base, or sessile, or lobed m m. Leaves pinnate, the basal pinnae pinnatifid or pinnate or with a single (rarely more) enlarged basal inferior pinnule n n. Leaves dimorphic, the sterile with segments ca. 3 times as broad as the fertile; ultimate segments mostly more than 10 cm long; few stalked pinnae below the large, deeply pinnatifid apical portion 13. P. fraseri n. Leaves monomorphic or nearly so; ultimate segments mostly 2-5 cm long, sometimes a few to ca. 10 cm long; several to many stalked pinnae below the pinnatifid apical portion o o. Two or more costal areolae with their long axis parallel to the costa of the penultimate segment between adjacent costules; the costa awned on the adaxial side at the base of the costule 7. P. altissima o. A single costal areola, or none, with its long axis parallel to the costa of the penultimate segment between adjacent costules, or if with 2 long areolae then the costa not awned on the adaxial side p p. Basal pinnae 1-pinnate-pinnatifid 6. P. propinqua p. Basal pinnae pinnatifid or with 1 (rarely more) enlarged basal inferior pinnule q q. Lamina glabrous or very slightly pubescent r r. Veins mostly free, only basal areolae present 10. P. biaurita r. Veins copiously areolate s s. Apical segment (pinna) of the lamina long-decurrent 11. P. decurrens s. Apical segment (pinna) of the lamina cuneate or broadly so at the base, not decurrent t t. Petiole and rachis reddish to dark reddish; leaf tissue coriaceous; apex of sterile segments sharply serrate 8. P. speciosa t. Petiole and rachis stramineous; leaf tissue herbaceous; apex of sterile segments nearly entire to crenulate-serrate 9. P. transparent q. Lamina hirsute on both surfaces, especially on the costa of the penultimate segments 12. P. lechleri m. Leaves ternate, or pedate and the basal pinnae twice branched, with 3 main axes, each axis 1-pinnate-pinnatifid beyond a branch u u. Lamina ternate; apex of ultimate segments crenulate to crenulate-serrate; ultimate seg- ments usually ca. 6-10 cm long 19. P. livida u. Lamina pedate; ultimate segments ca. 2 cm long or less v v. Apex of ultimate segments sharply serrate 20. P. podophylla v. Apex of ultimate segments crenulate 21. P. tripartita TRYON & STOLZE: PTERIDOPHYTA OF PERU. II. 73 1. Pteris deflexa Link, Hort. berol. 2: 30. 1833. TYPE: Brazil, hort. hot. berol. (holotype, Link Herb., B!; photo, GH). Pteris polita Link, Hort. berol. 2: 30. 1833. TYPE: hort. bot. berol. (holotype, Link Herb., B!; photo, GH). Stem moderately to very stout, to 6-8 cm in diameter, short-creeping or ascending. Leaves 0.5- 3 m long. Lamina pinnate or ternate, 2-3-pinnate- pinnatifid at the base, the basal pinnae the largest, regularly 1 -pinnate-pinnatifid or sometimes with 1 or 2 enlarged basal pinnules, pinnae deeply pin- natifid beyond the lower or basal ones. Penulti- mate segments deeply pinnatifid, glabrous, or slightly pubescent or scaly abaxially. Veins free. In dense forests, 800-2300 m, Cajamarca and Amazonas south to Cuzco. Tropical South America. Differences between this species and the next, Pteris muricata, are discussed under that species. Morton (Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb. 38: 75. 1967) erroneously considered specimens at Hamburg to typify Pteris polita Link, and consequently that name was used for Pteris propinqua. However, the holotype of Pteris polita at Berlin is clearly Pteris deflexa. Cajamarca: Prov. Cutervo, Gruta San Andres, Mos- tacero et al. 1676 (F, GH). Amazonas: Ca. 10 km W of Leimebamba. Edwin & Schunke 3701 (F). Prov. Bagua, E of La Peca, Barbour 2701 (MO, uc). San Martin: Tar- apoto, Spruce 4326 (BM, GH, K, us). Pasco: Prov. Oxa- pampa, vicinity of Chequitavo, D. Smith 5273 (GH). Junin: Prov. Chanchamayo, Rio Rondayacu, Smith et al. 2608 (F). Cerca a Huacapistana, Ferreyra 503 (GH, USM). Ucayali: Prov. Coronel Portillo, Sinchono, entre Tingo Maria y Pucallpa, Aguilar 898 (GH, USM). Ayac- ucho: Ccarrapa, between Huanta and Rio Apurimac, Kil- lip & Smith 22408 (F, GH, us). Cuzco: Quillabamba, Pey- ton & Peyton 1207 (GH). 2. Pteris muricata Hooker, Sp. fil. 2: 193, /. 123B. 1858. TYPE: Colombia, Antioquia, Jervise (holotype, K!). Stem moderately stout, short- to long-creeping, decumbent to ascending. Leaves 0.5-2 m or more long. Lamina pinnate, ternate or pedate, 2-4-pin- nate-pinnatifid at the base, basal pinnae the larg- est, usually regularly 1 -pinnate-pinnatifid or with 1 or more enlarged basal pinnules, deeply pinna- tifid to 2-pinnate-pinnatifid beyond the lower or basal pinnae. Penultimate segments deeply pin- natifid, rarely 1 -pinnate at the base, shortly mur- icate to muricate-spiculate abaxially, deciduously scaly and rarely pubescent beneath. Veins free. In forests and cloud forests, in moist ravines, at the edge of woods, and in moist, rocky places, 1 700-4000 m, Cajamarca south to Puno. Mexico south to Bolivia. This species may be related to Pteris bakeri by the muricate processes on the costa beneath. It is evidently closer to the previous species, Pteris de- flexa, from which it differs in the firmer texture of the lamina segments and the muricate to mur- icate-spiculate costae abaxially. In addition, the processes of Pteris muricata bear caducous scales, while in P. deflexa there are deciduous trichomes abaxially. Rarely there are specimens that appear to be intermediate between the two species. Cajamarca: Prov. San Miguel, Cerro Quillon, Mos- tacero et al. 1297 (F). Huanuco: Mito, Macbride & Feath- erstone 76/9 (F, us). Muna, Bryan 465 (F, GH). Pasco: Quillasu, Soukup 3283 (GH). Junin: Between Palca and San Ramon, Correll & Smith P785 (GH). Huacapistana, Killip & Smith 24191 (us). Huancavelica: Prov. Taya- caja, cerca a Tocas, Tovar 2053 (USM). Apurimac: Prov. Abancay, arriba de Abancay, Ferreyra 9808 (GH, USM). Cuzco: Machu Picchu, Tryon & Tryon 5398 (BM, F, GH). Tres Cruces, Vargas 1055 (GH, us). Puno: Prov. Cara- baya, entre Ayapata y Kahualluyoc, Vargas 10751 (GH). Tabina, Lechler 2030 (B, K). 3. Pteris coriacea Desv., Mem. Soc. Linn. Paris 6: 300. 1 827. TYPE: Peru, Dombey (holotype, Desvaux Herb., the complete leaf, P!; photo, GH; isotype, Herb. Gen., P!; photo, GH). Stem moderately stout, short-creeping. Leaves 30-75 cm or more long. Lamina pinnate, 2-3- pinnate at the base, basal pinnae the largest, reg- ularly 1 -pinnate beyond the often 1 or more en- larged basal pinnules, pinnae mostly 1 -pinnate be- yond the lower or basal ones. Penultimate segments mostly 1 -pinnate, smooth to muricate-spiculate and deciduously scaly abaxially. Veins free. In woods and in rocky places, 2800-3900 m, Ancash south to Apurimac. Ecuador and Peru. The separate ultimate segments mostly nar- rowed at the base are characteristic of this species. It is related to the previous species, Pteris muricata, by the muricate-spiculate costae abaxially and may be a high-altitude derivative of that species. Most collections are from 3100-3900 m, while those of P. muricata are mostly from 3000 m or lower. 74 FIELDIANA: BOTANY Ancash: Prov. Bolognesi, cercaa Llamac, Cerrate2372 (GH, USM). Huanuco: Chasqui, Macbride & Featherstone 1755 (F, us). Lima: Between San Mateo and Parac, Co- ronado 312 (GH, uc). Junin: Prov. Huancayo, entre Huaytapallana y Chilifruta, Tovar 4290 (GH). Tarma, Kunkel 406 (GH). Apurimac: Prov. Abancay, Bosque de Ampay, Vargas 1062 (GH, us). 4. Pteris quadriaurita Retz., Observ. hot. 6: 38. 1791. TYPE: Ceylon, Konig (holotype, Ret- zius Herb., LD). Pteris edentula Kunze, Linnaea 9: 75. 1834. (as Pteris biaurita van? P. edentula) TYPE: Peru, (Hua- nuco), Pampayacu, Poeppig233 (Diar. 1106) (ho- lotype, LZ destroyed; isotype, B!; photo, GH; frag., us!). Stem moderately stout, decumbent or erect. Leaves ca. 0.5-2 m long. Lamina pinnate, 2-pin- nate-pinnatifid at the base, basal pinnae regularly deeply pinnatifid beyond the usually single en- larged basal inferior pinnule, pinnae usually deep- ly pinnatifid beyond the basal ones. Penultimate segments deeply pinnatifid, glabrous or usually slightly pubescent abaxially. Veins free. Dense forests, woods and thickets, sometimes in rocky places, 650-2200 m, Lambayeque south to Cuzco. Tropical America; Old World. In Pteris quadriaurita the veins of an ultimate segment arise from the costule, or near it, while in Pteris pungens there are one or two veins that arise from the costa, distant from the costule, es- pecially in the basal portion of a penultimate seg- ment. Lambayeque: Km 32 on road from Olmos to Jaen, Correll & Smith P830 (GH). Amazonas: Prov. Bagua, Cordillera Colan, SE of La Peca, Barbour 4192 (MO). Huanuco: Rio Huallaga, below Rio Santo Domingo, Macbride 4233 (F, us). Pampayacu, Macbride 5043 (F, us). Pasco: Prov. Oxapampa, SE of Oxapampa, D. Smith 2898 (MO). Junin: La Merced, Killip & Smith 23473 (F, us), 23686 (F, us), Cerrate 2832 (GH, USM). Cuzco: Po- trero, Tryon & Tryon 5367 (BM, F, GH, u, us, USM), Vargas 8236 (uc). 5. Pteris pungens Willd., Sp. pi. ed. 4, 5: 387. 1810. LECTOTYPE (designated by Proctor, Flora Lesser Antilles 2: 144. 1977): Hispan- iola, Plumier, Traite foug. Amer. t. 14. 1705. Stem moderately stout, decumbent or erect. Leaves ca. 0.5-2 m long. Lamina pinnate, 1-pin- nate-pinnatifid to usually 2-pinnate-pinnatifid at the base, basal pinnae regularly deeply pinnatifid beyond the usually single enlarged, basal inferior pinnule, pinnae deeply pinnatifid beyond the basal ones. Penultimate segments deeply pinnatifid, gla- brous or nearly so abaxially. Veins free. Dense forests, 100-900 m, San Martin and Lo- reto south to Madre de Dios. Mexico and the West Indies; northern South America, south to Bolivia. The difference in the venation between Pteris quadriaurita and this species is mentioned under the former species. San Martin: Tarapoto, Spruce 4750 (K). Prov. San Martin, E of Tarapoto, Woytkowski 35215 (MO). Loreto: Yurimaguas, Ll. Williams 3865 (F, us). Balsapuerto, Kil- lip & Smith 28517 (GH, us). Huanuco: Rio Llullapichis, Dudley 12483 (GH), 12485 (GH). Prov. Pachitea, Bosque Nacional de Iparia, J. Schunke V. 1755 (F, GH). Madre de Dios: Prov. Tambopata, Rio Tambopata, Barbour 4880 (MO). 6. Pteris propinqua Agardh, Recens. spec. pter. 65. 1 839. LECTOTYPE (designated here): Ja- maica, Bancroft (holotype, K!). LECTO- PARATYPE: Jamaica, MacFadyn, K. Stem moderately stout to stout, erect. Leaves 0.5-1.5 m long. Lamina pinnate, 2-pinnate-pin- natifid at the base, basal pinnae the largest, rather regularly 1-pinnate-pinnatifid, pinnae deeply pin- natifid beyond the lower or basal ones. Penulti- mate segments deeply pinnatifid, the base narrow- ly decurrent on its stalk or onto the next axis, glabrous or minutely pubescent abaxially. Veins partly areolate, 1 costal areola with its long axis parallel to the costa between adjacent costules. In forests and along forest borders, 1 00-700 m, San Martin south to Pasco. Tropical America. The misapplication of the name Pteris polita to this species has been mentioned under Pteris de- flexa. The base of the penultimate segments is decur- rent onto the stalk or onto the next axis. San Martin: Prov. Mariscal Caceres, Tocache Nuevo, J. Schunke V. 3378 (F, GH, us), 7038 (MO). Loreto: Gam- itanacocha, Rio Mazan, J. Schunke 282 (F, GH, uc, us). Paraiso, upper Rio Itaya, Ll. Williams 3356 (F, us). Huanuco: Tingo Maria, (as San Martin), Allard 21920 (GH, us). Pasco: Puerto Bermudez, (as Junin), Killip & Smith 26639 (us). TRYON & STOLZE: PTERIDOPHYTA OF PERU. II. 75 7. Pteris altissima Poiret in Lam., Encycl. 5: 722. 1804. TYPE: Porto Ricco (Puerto Rico), Led- ru (holotype, Lamarck Herb., P!; photo, GH). Figure 15c. Pteris kun:eana Agardh. Recens. spec. pter. 62. 1839. SYNTYPES: Peru, Poeppig 225 is one of several collections cited, B!; photo, GH, as is Peru, Ma- thews 1802, K!; frag., NY. Stem erect in young plants, becoming moder- ately stout and short- to rather long-creeping. Leaves 0.8-2.5 m long. Lamina pinnate or nearly ternate, 2-pinnate-pinnatifid at the base, basal pin- nae the largest, 1-pinnate-pinnatifid toward the base, deeply pinnatifid beyond, pinnae pinnatifid beyond the lower or basal ones. Penultimate seg- ments pinnatifid to deeply pinnatifid, glabrous or minutely pubescent abaxially. Veins copiously areolate, 2 or more costal areolae with their long axis parallel to the costa between adjacent costules. In rain forests, montane forests, and in wet ra- vines, 1 00-1 500 m, Amazonas south to Cuzco and Madre de Dios. Tropical America. This species is characterized by having two or more of the costal areolae with their long axis parallel to the costa between adjacent costules, and with awns on the costa above. Amazonas: Prov. Bagua, Rio Utcubamba, 40 km S of Bagua Grande, Hutchison 1486 (GH, us). San Martin: Tarapoto, Spruce 4061 (BM, K). Zepelacio, near Moy- obamba, Klug 3704 (F, GH, K, us). Loreto: Mouth of Rio Santiago, above Pongo de Manseriche, Mexia 6125 (F, GH, K, MO, uc, us), 6125a (GH, K, uc, us). Huanuco: Tingo Maria, Tryon & Tryon 5229 (BM, F, GH, u, USM). Pasco: Prov. Oxapampa, vicinity of Chequitavo, D. Smith 5258 (GH). Junin: La Merced, Soukup 1098 (F). Ucayali: Prov. Coronel Portillo, Bosque Nacional Humboldt, Vdsquez 3387 (F). Ayacucho: Near Kimpitiriki, Rio Apu- rimac valley, Killip & Smith 23039 (us). Cuzco: Prov. Paucartambo, Kosnipata, Vargas 11260(GH). Madre de Dios: Prov. Manu, Atalaya, Foster & Wachter 7435 (MO). 8. Pteris speciosa Kuhn, Linnaea 36: 91. 1869. LECTOTYPE (designated here): Peru, St. Gavan (Rio San Gaban), Lechler 2326 (ho- lotype, B!, Herb. Mett.; photo, GH; frags., NY!, us!. ISOLECTOPARATYPES: Peru, (San Martin), Tarapoto, Spruce 4759, K.!; photo, GH; Ecuador, Spruce 4757, BM!, K!; photo, GH ofK). Pteris reticulata Kuhn, Linnaea 35: 91. 1869, exchar., not Desv. 1811. SYNTYPES: Peru, Pavon, Peru, Spruce 4752 (4725?). Material of these collec- tions at B! may be authentic). Pteris reticulalovenosa Hieron., Hedwigia 48: 243. 1909, nom. nov. for Pteris reticulata Kuhn, not Desv., and with the same type. Stem moderately stout, creeping. Leaves ca. 0.75-1.75 m long. Lamina pinnate, shallowly to deeply 1 -pinnate-pinnatifid. Pinnae with the ster- ile or partly fertile ones rather shallowly pinnatifid and the fully fertile ones shallowly to deeply pin- natifid, glabrous or minutely pubescent abaxially, the ultimate segments falcate, coriaceous. Veins copiously areolate, 1 costal areola with its long axis parallel to the costa between adjacent costules. In forests, ca. 1000-1800 m, San Martin south to Puno. Colombia to Peru. Kuhn cited Spruce 4757 as from Ecuador, while the specimen at K has a label indicating Peru. The specimen of Spruce 4759 at K has a pencil note indicating it to be 4757. How many separate col- lections are involved is uncertain. Pteris speciosa is especially separated from P. transparens by the reddish petiole and rachis of P. speciosa rather than the stramineous petiole and rachis of P. transparens. In addition, the apex of sterile segments is sharply serrate in P. speciosa, while it is nearly entire to crenulate-serrate in P. transparens. Some specimens of P. speciosa lack awns on the costa adaxially, while these are present in P. transparens. Small portions of a leaf, usually pinnae, may be similar in P. speciosa and P. livida. These may be separated as follows. In P. speciosa the costule of the ultimate segments is prominently raised adax- ially and rounded, or sometimes narrowly grooved with the two edges rounded. In P. livida the costule of the ultimate segments is grooved adaxially with thin, sometimes narrow wings, which may be somewhat appressed on either side of the costule. Pasco: Dos de Mayo (as Junin), Killip & Smith 25812 (us). Cuzco: Entre Quincemil y San Lorenzo, Vargas 11724(GVL). 9. Pteris transparens Mett., Ann. Sci. Nat. Bot. V, 2: 221. 1864. TYPE: Colombia, (Cundi- namarca) "Andes Bogotenses," 1400 m, Triana, evidently 622 (holotype, LZ de- 76 FIELDIANA: BOTANY stroyed; isotypes, B!, BM!, COL; frag., GH; pho- tos, GH of B, BM, COL). Pteris nuda Copel., Univ. Calif. Publ. Bot. 19: 302. 1941. TYPE: Peru, Huanuco, Riochuela Chun- talagua, Mexia 8299 (holotype, uc; isotypes, F!, GH!, K!). Stem rather stout, evidently short-creeping. Leaves ca. 1-1.5 m long. Lamina pinnate, 1-pin- nate-pinnatifid at the base, or the basal pinnae regularly deeply pinnatifid beyond the sometimes present single enlarged basal inferior pinnule. Pin- nae, above the basal ones deeply pinnatifid, es- sentially glabrous abaxially, ultimate segments patent or nearly so, nearly straight, herbaceous. Veins copiously areolate, 1 costal areola with its long axis parallel to the costa between adjacent costules. Forested banks and rocky slopes, ca. 600 m, Huanuco and (probably) Junin. Colombia and Peru. The petiole and rachis is stramineous, rather than reddish as in Pteris speciosa. Also the apex of sterile segments is nearly entire to crenulate- serrate rather than sharply serrate. This species is evidently very rare, and although distinct among the Peruvian ones, it is a member of a complex in northern South America which requires clarifi- cation. Awns are present on the costa adaxially, these being absent in the otherwise similar Pteris consanguinea of Venezuela. Huanuco: Pozuzo, Macbride 4718 (us). Junin: Pichita Caluga, Walden 56 (GH), and 80 (GH) are young plants, probably of this species. 10. Pteris biaurita L., Sp. pi. 1076. 1753. LEC- TOTYPE (designated by Proctor, Flora Less- er Antilles 2: 145. 1977): Plumier, Descr. pi. Amer. /. 14. 1693, and Traite foug. Amer. t. 15. 1705. LINN 1246.19 is this species. Fig- ure 15a-b. Stem moderately stout, decumbent to erect. Leaves ca. 0.5-1 m long. Lamina pinnate, 2-pin- nate-pinnatifid at the base, basal pinnae regularly deeply pinnatifid beyond the single enlarged basal inferior pinnule, pinnae deeply pinnatifid beyond the basal ones. Penultimate segments deeply pin- natifid, glabrous or minutely pubescent abaxially. Veins free, except for 1 costal areola with its long axis parallel to the costa between adjacent costules, or a few other basal veins joined. In forests, in clearings and at the edge of forests, sometimes in rocky places, 100-1 500 m, Huanuco south to Cuzco. Tropical America; Old World. The species is characterized by the areolae only along the costa, although there may be a few else- where. Huanuco: Tingo Maria, Tryon & Tryon 5246 (GH, u, us). Pozuzo, Macbride 4596 (F). Pasco: Rio Paucartam- bo, (as Junin), Killip & Smith 25277 (F, us). Junin: Chan- chamayo valley, C. Schunke 24 (F). Ucayali: Boqueron Padre Abad, (as San Martin), Allard 22115 (us). Cuzco: Prov. La Convencion, Chacanares, Vargas 13680 (us). 11. Pteris decurrens Presl, Delic. prag. 1: 183. 1822. TYPE: Brazil, (Guanabara), Rio de Ja- neiro and vicinity, collector and location not known. Pteris horizontalis (Fee) Rosenst., Meded. Rijks-Herb. 19: 10. 1913. Litobrochia horizontalis Fee, Crypt, vase. Bresil 1 : 48, t. 12, f. 1. 1869. TYPE: Brazil, Glaziou 2314 (holotype, P?; frag, ex Fee, NY!; photo, GH). Stem stout, evidently erect. Leaves ca. 1-2.5 m long. Lamina pinnate, 2-pinnate-pinnatifid at the base, basal pinnae regularly deeply pinnatifid be- yond the single enlarged basal inferior pinnule, pinnae deeply pinnatifid beyond the basal ones. Penultimate segments deeply pinnatifid, glabrous or minutely pubescent abaxially, the upper ones decurrent onto the rachis. Veins copiously areo- late, 1 or 2 costal areolae with their long axis par- allel to the costa between adjacent costules. In wet woods and cloud forests, ca. 1800 m, Amazonas and Cuzco. Venezuela, Peru, Bolivia, and Brazil. The adaxial side of the costa lacks awns and the apical pinna of the lamina is long decurrent on its stalk. Amazonas: Serrania de Bagua, E of La Peca, Gentry el al. 22864 (us). Cuzco: Prov. Paucartambo, valle de Pillahuata, Herrera 1621 (us). TRYON & STOLZE: PTERIDOPHYTA OF PERU. II. 77 12. Pteris lechleri Men., Fil. lechl. 2: 13. 1859. TYPE: Peru, Dept. Puno, Prov. Carabaya, Tatanara, Lechler 2533 (holotype, B!; photo, GH). Pteris vestita Baker, Syn. fil. 169. 1867. TYPE: Peru, (San Martin). Tarapoto, Spruce 4063 (holotype, K!; frag. & photo, us). Pteris killipii Maxon, Amer. Fern J. 23: 107. 1933, nom. super/1, for Pteris vestita Baker and with the same type. Stem small to moderately stout, erect. Leaves ca. 0.5-1.25 m long. Lamina pinnate, 2-pinnate- pinnatifid at the base, basal pinnae regularly deep- ly pinnatifid beyond the single enlarged basal in- ferior pinnule, pinnae deeply pinnatifid beyond the basal ones. Penultimate segments deeply pin- natifid, hirsute on both surfaces, especially on the costa. Veins copiously areolate, 1 costal areola with its long axis parallel to the costa between adjacent costules. Montane forests, 850-1 500 m, San Martin south to Puno. Peru and Bolivia. This is a very distinctive species because of the hirsute lamina and the lack of awns on the adaxial side of the costa. San Martin: Zepelacio, near Moyabamba, Klug 3680 (F, GH, K, us). Huanuco: Tingo Maria, (as San Martin), Allard21195 (us), 27207 (us), 27594 (us). Prov. Leoncio Prado, al este de Tingo Maria, J. Schunke V. 10222 (F, MO, us). Junin: Near La Merced, Killip & Smith 23962 (F, GH, us). La Merced, Macbride 5713 (F, us). Ayacucho: Prov. La Mar, Cordillera Central, Dudley 11946 (GH, us). Cuzco: Tocate. Biies 1740 (us). Puno: Prov. Cara- baya, a Sanari, Vargas 17548 (GH). 1 3. Pteris fraseri Kuhn, Bot. Zeit. (Berlin) 26: 4 1 . 1868. LECTOTYPE (designated here): Ec- uador, Fraser, Herb. Mett. B!. LECTOPAR- ATYPES: Ecuador, Spruce 5139 and coll. Hohenacker 42 (not located). Stem stout, evidently erect. Leaves ca. 2 m long, dimorphic, the fertile taller than the sterile and with narrower, well-spaced segments. Lamina ter- nate, 2-pinnate-pinnatifid at the base, basal pinnae the largest, regularly deeply pinnatifid beyond the usually present enlarged basal inferior pinnule, pinnae deeply pinnatifid beyond the basal ones. Ultimate segments elongate, glabrous or minutely pubescent abaxially. Veins copiously areolate, 2 or more costal areolae with their long axis parallel to the costa between adjacent costules. Rain forests and in a coffee plantation, 1500- 1 800 m, San Martin, Pasco, and Junin. Ecuador and Peru. This species is distinguished by its dimorphic leaves, the unusual lamina architecture with the ultimate segments long and entire and mostly widely spaced, and the lack of awns on the adaxial side of the costa. It seems close to Pteris macrop- tera Link of Brazil but that species is hardly di- morphic. San Martin: Prov. Rioja, Pedro Ruiz-Moyobamba, D. Smith 4421 (GH). Pasco: Prov. Oxapampa, Villa Rica, van der Werffet al. 8296 (MO, uc). Junin: Prov. Chancha- mayo, S of San Ramon, Smith & Palacios 2645 (F). 14. Pteris haenkeana Presl, Reliq. haenk. 1: 55. 1825. TYPE: Haenke, probably Peru, Dept. Huanuco (holotype, PR?). Pteris ampla Kunze, Linnaea 9: 74. 1834. TYPE: Peru, (Huanuco), Pampayacu, 1829, Poeppig (Diar. 1154) (holotype, probably LZ destroyed. ISO- TYPES: K!, MO!). Stem ca. 1 cm in diameter, long-creeping. Leaves 1-2 m long. Lamina pinnate, fully 2-pinnate at or toward the base, or rarely 3-pinnate, basal pinnae the largest, 1 -pinnate beyond the lower or basal pinnae. Pinnae (or pinnules) large, simple, entire, short- to usually long-stalked, glabrate or with mi- nute, straight, appressed trichomes abaxially. Veins copiously areolate, the costal areolae short and broad. In forests, 100-1400 m, Amazonas south to Cuzco. Colombia south to Bolivia. This species has very large, entire ultimate seg- ments. The differences from Pteris grandifolia, with which it is sometimes confused, are mentioned under that species. Amazonas: Prov. Bongara, near Shillac, Smith & Vas- que: 4949 (GH). San Martin: Juan Jui, Klug 4256 (F, GH, K, MO, uc, us). Zepelacio, near Moyabamba, Klug 3492 (F, GH, K, MO, us). Huanuco: Pampayacu, Kanehira 147 (GH, us). Cushi, Bryan 724 (F, GH, us). Pasco: Prov. Oxapampa, Villa Rica, van der Werffet al. 8289 (MO). Junin: La Merced, Soukup 1091 (F). Perene, Kunkel 505 (GH). Ayacucho: Ayna, between Huanta and Rio Apu- rimac, Killip & Smith 22717 (F, GH, us). Cuzco: Cco- chayoc, Biies 1726 (us). 78 FIELDIANA: BOTANY 1 5. Pteris grandifolia L., Sp. pi. 1 073. 1 753. LEC- TOTYPE (designated by Proctor, Flora Less- er Antilles 2: 143. 1977): Plumier, Descr. pi. Amer. t. 105 not 106, 1693; LINN 1246.1; photo, A, is this species. Pteris grandifolia var. campanae Rosenst., Repent. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 7: 291. 1909. TYPE: Peru, (San Martin), Mt. Campana, Tarapoto, Spruce 4668 (holotype, location unknown; isotype, K!). Stem ca. 1 cm in diameter, rather extensively creeping. Leaves 1-5 m long. Lamina pinnate, 1- pinnate or rarely 2-pinnate at the base, 1 -pinnate beyond. Pinnae large, simple, entire, short- to long- stalked, glabrate to minutely tortuous-pubescent abaxially, especially on the veins. Veins copiously areolate, the costal areolae very long, with their long axis divergent from the costa. In forests, in thickets, along forest borders, and on stream banks, 1 35-1 1 00 m, Lambayeque south to Cuzco. Tropical America. This species is similar to Pteris haenkeana but can be distinguished by the usually 1 -pinnate lam- ina, the sterile margins of the pinnae that are entire back of the apex, and the tortuous minute pubes- cence on the pinnae abaxially. In Pteris haenkeana the lamina is 2- or 3-pinnate at the base, the sterile margins are sharply serrate back of the apex, and the minute pubescence abaxially is straight. Lambayeque: Puerto Nazareth, 5 km to Olmos, 7- lenberg 3429 (GH). Amazonas: Prov. Bagua, entre Ara- mango y Montenegro, Lopez el at. 4214 (GH). San Mar- tin: Chazuta, Rio Huallaga, Klug 4013 (F, GH, K, MO, uc). I.oreto: Rio Maranon, above Pongo de Manseriche, Mexia 6182 (F, GH, K, MO, uc, us). Huanuco: Tingo Maria, Tryon & Tryon 5287 (BM, F, GH, u, us, USM). Pasco: Oxapampa, (as Junin), Soukup 2349 (F, GH). Jun- in: La Merced, Killip & Smith 23693 (F, GH, us). Cerca a La Merced, Cerrate 2825 (GH, USM). Ucayali: Bosque Nacional von Humboldt, Gentry et al. 41412 (MO). Cuz- co: Kosnipata, Peralta 12 (USM). 16. Pteris splendens Kaulf, Enum. fil. 186. 1824. TYPE: Brazil, Chamisso (holotype, probably LZ destroyed; isotype, LE!; photo, GH). Stem stout, short-creeping or nearly erect. Leaves to ca. 2 m long. Lamina pinnate, 1 -pinnate, the lower pinnae not or not much reduced, or the basal pinnae with an enlarged basal inferior pinnule, 1- pinnate beyond the base. Pinnae very long, large, simple, entire, short- to long-stalked, glabrous abaxially. Veins copiously areolate, the costal ar- eolae short and broad, the longer ones about twice as long as broad. In forests, 780 m, Huanuco. Peru and Brazil. While this species has only recently been col- lected in Peru, it probably occurs south to Puno and also in Bolivia. The few collections from Peru have the pinnae about half as broad as in most Brazilian specimens. The pinnae are long and en- tire and have very conspicuous areolate venation. Huanuco: Prov. Leoncio Prado, al este de Tingo Mar- ia, J. Schunke V. 5211 (F, GH, us), 10113 (F, uc), E of Tingo Maria, Croat 21 192 (MO, uc). 17. Pteris petiolulata Tryon, Rhodora 62: 9. 1960. TYPE: Peru, (Junin), La Merced, Macbride 5714 (holotype, us!; isotype, F!). Stem rather small, erect. Leaves 0.75-1 .5 m long. Lamina pinnate, 1-2-pinnate-pinnatifid at the base, with long, entire simple pinnae and those with irregularly spaced pinnatifid or lobed portions var- iously placed. Pinnae somewhat pubescent on both surfaces, at least on the costa and costules. Veins copiously areolate, 2 or more costal areolae with their long axis parallel to the costa between ad- jacent costules, when present. In forests, 500-1500 m, Huanuco, Junin, and Cuzco. Venezuela, Colombia, and Peru. The lamina architecture of this species is very irregular, and differs among the several collections. This is indicative of a hybrid origin, possibly be- tween Pteris splendens and Pteris lechleri. It has the prominent venation and often long, entire pin- nae, or entire portions of pinnae, of the former species and the hirsute costa and lack of awns on the costa of the latter one. However, it is sparsely but rather widely distributed and at the present time its putative parents are not known from sev- eral of its localities. Huanuco: Prov. Leoncio Prado, al este de Tingo Mar- ia, J. Schunke V. 5211 (F, GH, MO), 10113 (MO), both numbers are also P. splendens. Junin: San Ramon, Killip & Smith 24696 (F, GH, us). Chanchamayo, Schunke 965 (F). Prov. Tarma, Perene, Esposto (USM). Cuzco: Rio Pa- chiri, Bues 1767 (us). Prov. Paucartambo, Kosnipata- Pilcopata, Vargas 14755 (GH). TRYON & STOLZE: PTERIDOPHYTA OF PERU. II. 79 18. Pteris bakeri C. Chr., Index fil. 593. 1906., nom. nov. for Pteris decomposita Baker, not Gaud., and with the same type. Pteris decomposita Baker, Syn. fil., ed. 2, 479. 1874. TYPE: Peru, Dept. Huanuco, Muna, Pearce (ho- lotype, K!; frag., NY!; Hooker's, Icon. pi. /. 1641. Stem moderately stout, creeping. Leaves ca. 1 m long. Lamina pinnate, tripartite or nearly so, to 5-pinnate at the base, the basal pinnae much the largest, pinnae often 2-pinnate-pinnatifid beyond the basal ones. Penultimate segments deeply pin- natifid to 1 -pinnate, muricate-spiculate and de- ciduously scaly abaxially. Ultimate segments usu- ally lobed, often deeply so. Veins free. In forests, 2300-3000 m, Huanuco, Pasco, Jun- in, and Cuzco. Endemic to Peru. The lamina is much divided with small ultimate segments. The muricate-spiculate axes suggest a relation to Pteris muricata. Huanuco: Pozuzo, Pearce 534 (K). Pasco: Prov. Oxa- pampa, Rio San Alberto, Foster et al. 10298 (F), van der Werffet al 8480 (MO, uc). Junin: Carpapata, above Hu- acapistana, Killip & Smith 24488 (us). Cuzco: Prov. Uru- bamba, Skog & Skog 5176 (us). 19. Pteris livida Mett., Ann. Sci. Nat. Bot. V, 2: 222. 1864. LECTOTYPE (designated here): Colombia, (Cundinamarca), Bogota, Choachi, Lindig 179, B!, Herb. Mett.; photo, GH. IS- OLECTOTYPES: BM!, GH!, P!, us!. LECTO- PARATYPES: Colombia (Tolima), Quindio, Triana, and Linden 1089 (not located). Stem very stout in large plants. Leaves 2-6 m long. Lamina ternate, basal pinnae the largest, reg- ularly 2-pinnate-pinnatifid, pinnae deeply pinna- tifid beyond the lower or basal ones. Penultimate segments deeply pinnatifid or 1 -pinnate at the base, glabrate to minutely pubescent abaxially, the ul- timate segments long, entire. Veins copiously are- olate, 1 costal areola with its long axis parallel to the costa between adjacent costules. In wet forests and cleared forests, 900-2500 m, Amazonas south to Cuzco. Costa Rica to Colombia, south to Bolivia. This species has a very large, ternate lamina in large plants. The costae may bear awns adaxially at the base of the costules, or these may be lacking. The ultimate segments are usually large and often narrowed toward, but not at, the base. The iden- tification of small portions of the lamina (usually upper pinnae) has been discussed under Pteris spe- ciosa. Amazonas: Prov. Bagua, 12 km E of La Peca, Harbour 2497 (F, MO). San Martin: Cerro de Escalera, between Yurimaguas and Moyobamba, Vie 6885 (B). Prov. Mar- iscal Caceres, N of Pulcache, Plowman & Schunke 11630 (F, GH). Huanuco: Prov. Huanuco, Hacienda Mercedes, Afexia 8219 (F, GH, K, uc, us). Prov. Huanuco, Mirador, Feb. 23, 1940, Ridoutt (GH, USM). Pasco: Prov. Oxapam- pa, Rio San Daniel, Smith et al. 7813 (F). Cuzco: Prov. La Convencion, Cordillera Vilcabamba, Dudley 1 1266 (GH). 20. Pteris podophylla Sw., J. Bot. (Schrader) 1800(2): 67. 1802, nom. nov. for Lonchitis pedata L. 1763, not Pteris pedata L. 1753, and with the same type. Lonchitis pedata L., Sp. pi., ed. 2, 1536. 1763. TYPE: Jamaica, P. Browne (holotype, LINN. 1249.1; photo, A). Stem very stout, short-creeping. Leaves to 2 m or more long. Lamina pedate, 2-5-pinnate-pin- natifid, basal pinnae much the largest, the central portion 1-pinnate-pinnatifid. Penultimate seg- ments shallowly to deeply pinnatifid, ultimate seg- ments glabrate, minutely pubescent or hirsute abaxially. Veins copiously areolate, 1 costal areola with its long axis parallel to the costa between adjacent costules. Forests, cloud forests, and forest borders, 700- 3000 m, Amazonas south to Cuzco. Mexico and Central America; Greater Antilles; Venezuela and Colombia south to Bolivia. The sharply serrate apex of the ultimate seg- ments distinguishes this species from the adven- tive and also pedate Pteris tripartita. Amazonas: Prov. Chachapoyas, eastern Calla Calla, Wurdack 1754 (GH, us). Prov. Bagua, SE of La Peca, Barbour 3746 (F, MO), 4193 (F). San Martin: Zepelacio, near Moyobamba, Klug 3495 (F, GH, K, MO, us). Huan- uco: Prov. Huanuco, Carpish, entre Huanuco y Tingo Maria, Ferreyra 1831 (GH, USM). Pasco: Oxapampa, (as Junin), Soukup 2344 (F, GH). Junin: San Ramon, Killip & Smith 24686 (F, us). Ucayali: Prov. Coronel Portillo, (as Loreto), Sinchono, cerca a La Divisoria, Aguilar 844 (GH, USM). Cuzco: Prov. La Convencion, Yupanqui to Rio Apurimac, Davis et al. 1228 (F, GH). San Miguel, Cook& Gilbert 77 74 (us). 80 FIELDIANA: BOTANY 2 1 . Pteris tripartite Sw., J. Bot. (Schrader) 1 800(2): 67. 1802. TYPE: evidently Java, Thunberg (holotype, UPS). 23. Pteris vittata L., Sp. pi. 1074. 1753. TYPE: China, Osbeck (holotype, LINN 1246.3; pho- to, A). Stem stout, short-creeping. Leaves 0.5-2 m long. Lamina pedate, 2-5-pinnate-pinnatifid, basal pin- nae much the largest, the central portion 1 -pinnate-pinnatifid. Penultimate segments shal- lowly to deeply pinnatifid, glabrous to somewhat pubescent abaxially. Veins copiously areolate, 1 costal areola with its long axis parallel to the costa between adjacent costules. Forests and partly disturbed forests, ca. 200- 1000 m, Loreto and Ucayali. Sporadically adventive in the American tropics; Old World. The character of the apex of the ultimate seg- ments that serves to distinguish this from the na- tive Pteris podophylla has been mentioned under that species. Stem stout, short-creeping. Leaves 0.05-1.5 m or more long. Lamina pinnate, 1 -pinnate, nar- rowed at the base. Pinnae elongate, simple, entire, very short-stalked, glabrous or sparsely pubescent abaxially. Veins free. In locally moist places, among rocks, and on sea cliffs, 10-1000 m, six localities in Lima. Adventive in tropical and subtropical America; Old World. The wholly 1 -pinnate lamina with free veins distinguishes this species. It is sometimes confused with Pteris longifolia of the West Indies and ad- jacent regions. That species has articulate pinnae with the base somewhat enlarged, while in Pteris vittata the short pinna-stalk departs evenly and gradually from the rachis. Loreto: Maynas, near Ramon Castilla, McDaniel 1 1827 (GH). Quebrada Tahuayo, above Tamishiyaco, Croat 1 97 38 (MO). Ucayali: Prov. Coronel Portillo, Dist. Padre Abad, Gdmez 2 (us). Lima: Miraflores, Tryon & Tryon 5217 (BM, F, GH, u, uc, us, USM). Santa Eulalia, in Rimac river, Coronado 2 (GH, uc, us). Choisica, Soukup 2047 (F, us). Km 75, Carretera Central, Sounders 371 (BM). 22. Pteris cretica L., Mant. pi. 130. 1767. TYPE: Crete (holotype, LINN 1246.7; photo, A). Stem small to moderately stout, short-creeping. Leaves 0. 1 5-1 m long. Lamina pinnate, usually 2- pinnate at the base, and sometimes beyond, the pinnae with 1 or rarely more enlarged pinnules, 1 -pinnate beyond the lower or basal pinnae. Pin- nae (and pinnules) elongate, simple, entire, sessile to very short-stalked, glabrous or sometimes slightly pubescent, especially on the costa abaxi- ally. Veins free. In forests or in mesic rocky places, ca. 1000- 2200 m, Amazonas. Adventive in scattered localities in tropical America; Old World. The free veins and lamina architecture readily distinguish this species. Amazonas: Poma Cocha, Steere (GH). Prov. Chacha- poyas, 5 km below Chachapoyas, Wurdack 776 (GH, us). Leimebamba, Woytkowski 7677 (GH, MO). Prov. Chach- apoyas, Rio Utcubamba valley, Smith & Vdsquez 4974 (GH). XVI. Acrostichum Acrostichum L. Sp. pi. 1067. 1753; Gen. pi. ed. 5, 484. 1754. TYPE: Acrostichum aureum L. Figure 16. Palustral. Stem erect or decumbent-ascending, bearing scales. Leaves borne in a cluster, slightly dimorphic, the fertile pinnae usually narrower and shorter than the sterile, borne in a cluster, the pet- iole with many vascular bundles near the base. Lamina 1 -pinnate, the pinnae entire, glabrous or somewhat pubescent abaxially, veins anastomos- ing, without included free veinlets. Sporangia borne over the surface of the fertile pinnae, on and be- tween the veins, interspersed with paraphyses. Spores tetrahedral-globose, trilete, minutely pap- illate or tuberculate. Acrostichum is a pantropical genus of three, or perhaps more, species, with two of them in Amer- ica and in Peru. It is known in Peru only from salt or brackish swamps in Tumbes at the southern limit of its range along the Pacific coast. TRYON & STOLZE: PTERIDOPHYTA OF PERU. II. 81 FIG. 16. Acrostichum aureum: a, portion of lamina; b, portion of sterile pinna, abaxial side. Acrostichum dan- aeifolium: c, sterile pinna; d, portion of sterile pinna, abaxial side. (From Stolze, Ferns & fern allies of Guatemala, 1981.) 82 FIELDIANA: BOTANY References ADAMS, D. C, AND B. P. TOMLINSON. 1979. Ac- rostichum in Florida. Amer. Fern. J., 69: 42-46. TRYON, R. M., AND A. F. TRYON. 1982. Acros- tichum, pp. 348-354, in Ferns and allied plants, Springer- Verlag, New York. Key to Species of Acrostichum a. Pinnae spaced, glabrous abaxially, coriaceous; fertile pinnae only at the apical portion of the lamina; apical portion of the petiole with much reduced pinnae or spinelike processes 1. A. aureum a. Pinnae crowded, usually pubescent abaxially, chartaceous; fertile pinnae extending to the base of the lamina or nearly so; petiole lacking reduced pinnae or spinelike processes .... 2. A. danaeifolium 1. Acrostichum aureum L., Sp. pi. 1069. 1753. LECTOTYPE (designated by A. R. Smith, Fl. Chiapas 2: 16. 1981): Plumier, Descr. pi. Amer. /. 7. 1693. Figure 16a-b. Leaves 1-3 m long, the petiole with large, brown, nearly bicolorous scales at the base, the apical por- tion with much reduced pinnae or spinelike pro- cesses, lamina 1 -pinnate, with fertile pinnae only toward the apex. Pinnae large, simple, entire, usu- ally well and often irregularly spaced, glabrous abaxially, coriaceous. Paraphyses mostly with many lobes. Among mangroves, near sea level, Tumbes. Florida; Mexico and Central America; West In- dies; mostly coastal in South America, south to northern Peru and Brazil. Tumbes: Prov. Tumbes, near Rio Tumbes, Simpson & Schunke 605 (F, GH, us). Margen del Rio Tumbes, Angulo 596 (HUT). 2. Acrostichum danaeifolium Langsd. & Fisch., Icon. fil. 5, /. 7. 1810. TYPE: Brazil, (Santa Catarina), St. Catharina Island, Langsdorff (holotype, LE). Figure 16c-d. Leaves 1.5-4 m long, petiole with large, brown, nearly bicolorous, often fimbriate, scales at the base, the apical portion lacking reduced pinnae or spinelike processes, lamina 1 -pinnate, the fertile with a few sterile pinnae at the base or none. Pin- nae large, simple, entire, closely spaced, often im- bricate, usually somewhat pubescent abaxially, chartaceous. Paraphyses mostly with few or no lobes. Swamps, near sea level, Tumbes. Florida; Mexico and Central America; West In- dies; mostly coastal in South America, south to northern Peru and southern Brazil. Tumbes: Prov. Tumbes, Corrales, Lopez & Sagdstegui 4034 (GH, HUT). Family 14: VITTARIACEAE Vittariaceae (Presl) Ching, Sunyatsenia 5: 232. 1940. Vittarieae Presl, Tent, pterid. 164. 1836, as Vittari- aceae. TYPE: Vittaria Sm. Stem erect to rather long-creeping, bearing scales. Leaves small to ca. 1 m long, circinate in verna- tion, monomorphic, usually entire (furcate in He- cistopteris and 1 -pinnate in Rheopteris of New Guinea), glabrous. Petiole lacking stipules, not ar- ticulate to the stem, veins free to usually anasto- mosing, the areolae without included free veinlets. Sori abaxial, usually long and more or less sunken, on a vein or on a submarginal commissure, except in Anetium with the sporangia mostly in scattered groups on and between the veins and superficial, exindusiate. Sporangia with a rather short, 1- or 2-rowed stalk, the annulus vertical, interrupted by the stalk. The Vittariaceae are a family of six genera and about 1 00 species. Most species are epiphytes with TRYON & STOLZE: PTERIDOPHYTA OF PERU. II. 83 pendent leaves. The family has clathrate stem scales and unusual sclerids (spicular idioblasts) in the epidermis. The key to the genera and to the species of Vittaria have been adapted from Tryon and Tryon (1982). Reference TRYON, R., AND A. F. TRYON. 1982. Vittari- aceae, pp. 354-370, in Ferns and allied plants, Springer- Verlag, New York. Key to Genera of Vittariaceae a. Veins free; lamina more or less dichotomously lobed or furcate I. Hecistopteris a. Veins anastomosing; lamina entire b b. Sporangia in short to long soral lines along the veins or along a submarginal commissure . . . . c c. Two-several, or many, soral lines on each side of the costa II. Antrophyum c. One very long soral line, or line of son, on each side of the costa III. Vittaria b. Sporangia single, or in scattered groups, on the veins and between them IV. Anetium I. Hecistopteris Hecistopteris John Sm., London J. Bot 1: 193. 1842. TYPE: Hecistopteris pumila (Sprengel) John Sm. (Gymnogramma pumila Sprengel). Figure 17. Epiphytic. Stem very small, short-creeping, sca- ly, the scales clathrate, bearing the leaves in a clus- ter. Leaves very small, furcate, glabrous, veins free. Sporangia superficial, borne along a portion of a vein, indusium absent, paraphyses present. Spores tetrahedral-globose, trilete, somewhat granulate. An American genus of one species. The roots may bear proliferous buds that produce new plants. 1. Hecistopteris pumila (Sprengel) John Sm., London J. Bot. 1: 193. 1842. Figure 17. Gymnogramma pumila Sprengel, Tent, suppl. Syst. veg. 31. 1828. TYPE: Surinam, Weigelt (holo- type, not located; isotypes, B!, P!). Stem scales brown, linear or sublinear, slightly iridescent. Leaves ca. 1-2 cm long, lamina thin, narrowly to rather broadly flabellate, variously di- chotomously or subdichotomously branched or toothed, gradually tapering at the base. Sporangia borne in short to rather long lines on the veins. Epiphyte, or on fallen trunks or branches of trees, 270-625 m, Huanuco and Ucayali. Tropical America; widespread but not com- monly collected. This small species is represented by rather few specimens throughout its range. This is probably a reflection of its size rather than of its true dis- tribution. Huanuco: Tingo Maria, Allard 20490 (us). Ucayali: Bosque von Humboldt, Leon 172 (USM), Gentry et al. 36355 (F, MO). II. Antrophyum Antrophyum Kaulf., Enum. fil. 197. 1824. TYPE: Antrophyum plantagineum (Cav.) Kaulf. (Hemionitis plantaginea Cav.). Figure 18. Polytaenium Desv., Mem. Soc. Linn. Paris 6: 218. 1827. TYPE: Polytaenium lanceolatum (Sw.) Desv. (Vittaria lanceolata Sw.) = Antrophyum li- neatum (Sw.) Kaulf. Epiphytic. Stem small, short-creeping, scaly, the scales clathrate, bearing the leaves in a loose clus- ter. Leaves rather small, the lamina simple, entire, glabrous, veins anastomosing, forming a few to many rows of areolae on each side of the costa. Sporangia more or less sunken, borne in several long lines, or along most of the veins, indusium absent, paraphyses present or absent. Spores tet- rahedral-globose, trilete, or ellipsoidal and mono- lete, smooth to somewhat echinate. The Mexican and Central American Antro- phyum ensiforme Hooker is a member of subgenus Antrophyum. All other American species belong to subgenus Polytaenium (Desv.) Benedict, which 84 FIELDIANA: BOTANY 2cm 5 mm FIG. 17. Hecistopteris pumila: a, habit; b, apical portion of fertile leaf. (From Haught 5328, Colombia, F.) has the lamina with a costa usually extending to the apex and lacks paraphyses. In subgenus An- trophyum a costa is absent or only poorly devel- oped and paraphyses are present. In spite of these differences, there are some intermediate species, and the two groups are not clearly separable. The generic name was spelled correctly as Po- lytaenium by Desvaux on p. 1 74 of his publication, although in the formal place of publication, on p. 218, it was misspelled Polyaetnium. Antrophyum is a pantropical genus of about 40 species, with 1 8 in America and three in Peru. References BENEDICT, R. C. 1 907. The genus Antrophyum 1. Synopsis of subgenera, and the American species. Bull. Torrey Bot. Club, 34: 445-458. . 1911. The genera of the fern tribe Vit- tarieae: Their external morphology, venation, and relationships. Bull. Torrey Bot. Club, 38: 153-190. TRYON, R. 1 964. Taxonomic fern notes. IV. Some American vittarioid ferns. Rhodora, 66: 110- 117. Key to Species of Antrophyum a. Soral lines immersed between prominent lateral flanges of leaf tissue, mostly long and straight, 2-6, very rarely 1 , on each side of the costa 1 . A. lineatum a. Soral lines superficial or somewhat immersed, lacking lateral flanges, more or less following the anastomosing veins, often short, or if long then rather flexuous and at an angle to the costa . . . . b b. Lamina elliptical or with nearly parallel sides, usually papyraceous; petiole stramineous abaxially, narrowly alate 2. A. guayanense b. Lamina narrowly to broadly oblanceolate, papyraceous to coriaceous; petiole usually dark brown abaxially, usually strongly alate 3. A. cajenense TRYON & STOLZE: PTERIDOPHYTA OF PERU. II. 85 FIG. 18. Antrophyum lineatum: a, habit; b, portion of lamina, abaxial side. (From H. H. Smith 1119, Colom- bia, F.) 1. Antrophyum lineatum (Sw.) Kaulf., Enum. fil. 199. 1824. Figure 18. Hemionitis lineata Sw., Prodr. 129. 1788. TYPE: Ja- maica, Swart: (holotype, not located; isotype, B!, Herb. Willd. 20033; photo, GH). Vittaria lanceolata Sw., Ges. Naturf. Freunde Berlin Mag. Neuesten Entdeck. Gesammten Naturk. 2: 133. 1799, based on Hemionitis lineata Sw., not Vittaria lineata (L.) Sm. Polytaenium lanceolatum (Sw.) Desv., Mem. Soc. Linn. Paris 6: 218. 1827. Leaves ca. 8-40 cm long. Petiole strongly alate, stramineous to light green abaxially or drying darker, nearly concolorous with the adjacent leaf 86 FIELDIANA: BOTANY tissue. Lamina linear to very narrowly elliptic-lin- ear, more or less coriaceous. Soral lines few, long and parallel to the costa. Epiphyte in woods, forests, and cloud forests, 400-2400 m, Cajamarca and Amazonas to Cuzco. Tropical America. The lamina of Antrophyum lineatum is narrow and tapers gradually to the apex and base. It is broadest in the central portion where it is usually 1-1.5 cm wide, or not more than 2 cm wide and then the lamina is more than 25 cm long. In the other two species the lamina is 3-4 cm wide in the broadest portion, or somewhat less in small leaves with the lamina less than 25 cm long. Cajamarca: Prov. Cutervo, San Andres, Lopez & Sa- gdstegui 5427 (F). Amazonas: Prov. Bagua, ca. 20 km E of La Peca, Barbour 2806 A (F, MO). Prov. Chachapoyas, 5 km below Chachapoyas, Wurdack 780 (F, GH, uc, us). San Martin: Prov. Mariscal Caceres, between Mirador and La Playa, Young & Leon 4928 (F). Huanuco: Mufia, Bryan 529 (F, us). Prov. Huanuco, Hacienda Mercedes, Mexia 8220b (uc). Pasco: Oxapampa, (as Junin), Soukup 2352 (GH). Junin: Near La Merced, Killip & Smith 23859 (us). Ayacucho: Near Kimpitiriki, Killip & Smith 22869 (us). Cuzco: 2.5 km from Machu Picchu, Peyton & Peyton 383 (GH, MO). Prov. La Convencion, Huayopata, Peyton 6 Peyton 891 (GH). 2. Antrophyum guayanense Hieron., Hedwigia 57: 212. 1915. LECTOTYPE (designated by Tryon, Rhodora 66: 113. 1964): Trinidad, Fendler 151 (holotype, B!; isotype, GH!). Polytaenium guayanense (Hieron.) Alston, Bull. Misc. Inform. 1932: 314. Leaves ca. 10-30 cm long. Petiole narrowly alate, stramineous abaxially (or darker in drying but lighter than the adjacent leaf tissue). Lamina rather narrowly elliptical or with nearly parallel sides, subcoriaceous to usually papyraceous. Soral lines many, following nearly all of the veins. Epiphyte in forests, 135-800 m, San Martin, Loreto, and Huanuco. Southern Mexico; Guianas and Trinidad to Co- lombia and Peru; adjacent Brazil. This species has often been called Polytaenium or Antrophyum cajenense (Tryon, 1964). The lam- ina shape distinguishes it from that species. San Martin: Tarapoto, Spruce 3993 (P). Loreto: Rio Huallaga, below Yurimaguas, Killip & Smith 28951 (GH, us). Prov. Maynas, Mishana, Rio Nanay, Diaz el al. 425 (MO). Prov. Maynas, Estacion Biologica Callicebus-Mis- hana, Rio Nanay, Vdsquez et al. 661 (F, MO). Huanuco: Rio Monzon, near Tingo Maria, Tryon & Tryon 5300 (GH, u, us, USM). 3. Antrophyum cajenense (Desv.) Sprengel, Syst. veg. 4: 67. 1827. Hemionitis cajenensis Desv., Ges. Naturf. Freunde Berlin Mag. Neuesten Entdeck. Gesammten Na- turk. 5: 311. 1811. TYPE: French Guiana (ho- lotype, Herb. Desv., P!). Hemionitis brasiliana Desv., Mem. Soc. Linn. Paris 6:216.1 827. TYPE: Brazil (holotype, Herb. Desv., P!; photos, GH, us). Antrophyum brasilianum (Desv.) C. Chr., Index fil. 59. 1905. Polytaenium cajenense (Desv.) Benedict, Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 38: 169. 1911. Polytaenium brasilianum (Desv.) Benedict, Bull. Tor- rey Bot. Club 38: 169. 1911. Leaves ca. 10-35 cm long. Petiole usually strongly alate, stramineous to greenish abaxially (drying to light or usually dark brown), concol- orous with, or darker or lighter, than the adjacent leaf tissue. Lamina narrowly to broadly oblanceo- late, papyraceous to usually coriaceous. Soral lines many, following nearly all of the veins. Epiphyte in dense forests, 100-2040 m, Ama- zonas to Cuzco. Southern Mexico to Panama; Greater Antilles; Guianas to Colombia, south to Bolivia; Brazil. Antrophyum brasilianum is so similar to A. ca- jenense that it is evidently a variation of that species. The oblanceolate lamina is characteristic of A. cajenense. Amazonas: Prov. Bagua, Quebrada Mirana, Wurdack 1916 (F, GH, us). San Martin: Ad Saposoa, Woytkowski 7322 (GH, MO, us). Prov. Mariscal Caceres, Tocache Nuevo, J. Schunke V. 7589 (F, MO). Loreto: Gamitani- cocha, Rio Mazan, Schunke 283 (F, GH, us, USM). Huan- uco: Tingo Maria, Ferreyra 10230 (GH, USM), Woyt- kowski 1097 (GH, USM). Pasco: Paujil, near Puente Bermudez, Ledn 289 (USM). Ucayali: Prov. Coronel Por- tillo, Rio Chino, J. Schunke V. 9204 (MO). Cuzco: Ha- cienda Potrero, near Quillabamba, Coronado 120 (GH, us). Prov. La Convencion, Tupitari, Vargas 3446 (uc). Comments Antrophyum lanceolatum (L.) Kaulf., Enum. til. 198. 1824. Hemionitis lanceolata L. Sp. pi. 1077. 1753. LEC- TOTYPE (designated by Proctor, Ferns of Ja- TRYON & STOLZE: PTERIDOPHYTA OF PERU. II. 87 FIG. 19. Vinaria graminifolia: a, habit; b, portion of lamina, abaxial side; c, stem scale. Vittaria lineata: d, stem scale. Vittaria stipitata: e, stem scale. (From Stolze, Ferns & fern allies of Guatemala, 1981.) 88 FIELDIANA: BOTANY maica 258. 1985): St. Vincent, Plumier, Traite foug. Amer, t. 127, f. C. 1705. This species is reported from northern South America and may occur in Peru. It has a long, very narrow lamina that gradually tapers to the apex and base, as in Antrophyum lineatum, but has su- perficial soral lines lacking lateral flanges. III. Vittaria Vittaria Sm., Mem. Acad. Roy. Sci. (Turin) 5:413. 1793. TYPE: Vittaria lineata (L.) Sm. (Pteris lineata L.). Figure 19. Ananthacorus Underw. & Maxon, Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb. 10: 487. 1908. TYPE: Ananthacorus an- gustifolius (Sw.) Underw. & Maxon (Pteris an- gustifolia Sw.) = Vittaria costata Kunze. Epiphytic. Stem small, erect or short-creeping, scaly, the scales clathrate, bearing the leaves in a cluster or somewhat spaced. Leaves small or of medium size, the lamina simple, entire, glabrous, veins anastomosing, forming 1 row, or 2 to a few rows, of areolae on each side of the costa. Spo- rangia borne, on each side of the costa, in a con- tinuous, more or less sunken line along a sub- marginal commissure, indusium absent, paraphyses present. Spores tetrahedral-globose, trilete, or ellipsoidal and monolete, smooth or slightly granulate. A pantropical genus of 50 or more species, with perhaps 10 in America, and eight in Peru. The sometimes accepted genus Ananthacorus, repre- sented by Vittaria costata, differs only in the ve- nation of two or a few rows of areolae on each side of the costa, rather than a single row as in other species of Vittaria. Some of the characters of the species are pro- vided in the descriptions; other special characters are mentioned in the discussions. References BENEDICT, R. C. 1914. A revision of the genus Vittaria J. E. Smith. I. The species of the sub- genus Radiovittaria. Bull. Torrey Bot. Club, 41: 391^*10. TRYON, R. 1964. Taxonomic Fern Notes, IV. Some American vittarioid ferns. Rhodora, 66: 110-117. Key to Species of Vittaria a. Lamina with 2 or more rows of areolae on each side of the costa 1 . V. costata a. Lamina with a single row of areolae on each side of the costa b b. Petiole wholly or mostly narrowly alate, flattened throughout, firm to rather soft, often irregularly wrinkled when dry c c. Paraphyses slender, the apical cell not or hardly enlarged; soral lines in deep grooves, more or less covered by a flange of leaf tissue on each side; stem scales usually with a long, uniseriate, filiform tip 2. V. lineata c. Paraphyses with an enlarged, usually dark-colored apical cell d d. Petiole lighter in color than the green lamina or concolorous with the brownish lamina when darkened by age or drying 3. V. graminifolia d. Petiole darker than the lamina, usually dark brown to atropurpureous e e. Stem scales mostly dark brown to atropurpureous, definitely clathrate with dark, sclerotic lateral walls; lamina narrow or gradually tapering to the apex f f. Lamina narrowly elliptical to linear-elliptical, often falcate 4. V. gardneriana f. Lamina narrowly linear or narrower, rather straight 5. V. ruiziana e. Stem scales light brown, subclathrate; lamina elliptical, rather abruptly reduced to the apex 6. V. latifolia b. Petiole not alate, usually terete or oval, or flattened only at the base, indurated g g. Stem scales mostly 6 or more cells wide; each soral line in a shallow groove 7. V. moritziana g. Stem scales 2 cells wide or sometimes 3 cells wide at the base; each soral line in a deep groove 8. V. stipitata TRYON & STOLZE: PTERIDOPHYTA OF PERU. II. 89 1. Vittaria costata Kunze, Linnaea 9: 77. 1834. TYPE: Peru, (San Martin), Huallaga, To- cache, Jun. 1830, Poeppig (holotype, LZ de- stroyed; isotype, w!). At B!, Kunze, Analecta. pteridogr. /. 18, f. 2 is mounted in the her- barium and has the same data as the holotype written on it; probably the figure was prepared from the holotype at LZ. Pteris angustifolia Sw., Prodr. 129. 1788. TYPE: Ja- maica and Hispaniola (Fl. Ind. Occid. 3: 1599), Swartz (holotype, not located), not Vittaria an- gustifolia Blume, Enum. pi. Javae 199. 1828. Ananthacorus angustifolius (Sw.) Underw. & Maxon, Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb. 10: 487. 1908. Stem scales brown to atropurpureous, usually short-ciliate. Leaves ca. 10-50 cm long, lamina narrow, tapering gradually to the apex and base. Petiole narrowly alate, rather flattened, firm, dark- er than, or nearly concolorous with the adjacent lamina tissue when dry. Soral lines sunken, con- tinuous or irregularly discontinuous. Epiphyte in forests, 500-650 m, San Martin, Huanuco, and Cuzco. Tropical America. This species is characterized by two or more rows of areolae on each side of the costa. All of the other species have a single row. San Martin: Prov. Mariscal Caceres, Puerto Pizana, J. Schunke V. 4600 (F, us). Prov. Mariscal Caceres, Dist. Tocache Nuevo, J. Schunke V. 7797 (MO). Huanuco: Supte river, N of Tingo Maria, Stork & Morton 9598 (F, uc, us). Junction of Rio Monzon and Rio Huallaga, Asplund 12678 (us). Cuzco: Prov. Quispicanchi, entre Machiche y Inambari, Vargas 16456 (GH). 2. Vittaria lineata (L.) Sm., Mem. Acad. Roy. Sci. (Turin) 5: 421. 1793. Figure 19d. Pteris lineata L., Sp. pi. 2: 1073. 1753. TYPE (des- ignated by Tryon, Contr. Gray Herb. 194: 213. 1964): Santo Domingo. Plumier, Traite foug. Amer. /. 143. Vittaria filiformisCav., Descr. pi. 270. 1802. TYPE: Peru, Nee , MA; photos, F, NY, us; seen by C. Chr. (Dansk Bot. Ark. 9(3): 24. 1937) and placed here with some doubt, the type has no stem or petiole base. Stem scales dark brown to atropurpureous, shortly dentate. Leaves ca. 10-100 cm long, lam- ina very narrow. Petiole narrowly alate, rather flat- tened, firm, lighter than the lamina or concolorous with it. Soral lines sunken, continuous. Epiphyte in forests and cloud forests, or on rot- ting tree trunks, 1 00-2600 m, Amazonas to Junin. Tropical America. The stem scales have unusually long, uniseriate tips and the soral lines are in deep grooves with a pronounced laminar flange on each side. The light- colored paraphyses with the apical cell not or hard- ly enlarged also serve to distinguish this species. The combination V. lineata is sometimes cred- ited to Swartz (Syn. fil. 109. 1806); however, J. E. Smith cited Pteris lineata L. under Vittaria and Vittaria lineata in the caption to Figure 5. Amazonas: Prov. Bagua, 25 km E of La Peca, Barbour 2976 (MO). Serrania de Bagua, Gentry et al. 22895 (F, MO, us). San Martin: Tarapoto, Ll. Williams 6321 (F, us). Prov. Mariscal Caceres, Puerto Pizana, J. Schunke V. 4695 (F, GH, MO, us). Loreto: Prov. Maynas, Rio Itaya, Revilla et al. 2590 (F, MO). Near mouth of Rio Itaya, Croat 19670 (F, uc). Huanuco: Tingo Maria, Asplund 12356 (us), Croat 19670 (F, uc). Pasco: Prov. Oxapam- pa, Rio San Alberto Valley, Smith & Pretel 8036 (F). Junin: La Merced, Weberbauer 1914 (B). 3. Vittaria graminifolia Kaulf., Enum. fil. 192. 1824. TYPE: Brazil (holotype, LZ destroyed; isotype, Herb. Greville, Kaulfuss misit, 1827, E!). Figure 19a-c. Vittaria filifolia Fee, Mem. foug. 3: 20, t. 3,f. 6. 1852. LECTOTYPE (designated by Tryon, Rhodora 66: 114. 1964): Guadeloupe, L'Herminier, Herb. Cosson, P!. Stem scales brown, shortly dentate or ciliate or not. Leaves ca. 10-50 cm long, lamina very nar- row. Petiole usually narrowly alate, rather flat- tened, soft, lighter in color than the lamina or concolorous with it dry. Soral lines hardly sunken, continuous. Epiphyte in forests, in cloud forests, sometimes on fallen trunks or on cliffs, 1200-3100 m, Caja- marca to Cuzco. Tropical America. Vittaria graminifolia may be distinguished from all other Peruvian species by its trilete spores; the others have monolete spores. Cajamarca: Prov. Contumaza, Cascas Contumaza, Lopez et al. 9088 (GH). Prov. San Miguel, Taulis Re- corco, Mostacero et al. 1 178 (F). Amazonas: 1-2 km W of Molinopampa, Wurdack 1491 (F, GH, uc, us). Serrania de Bagua, Gentry et al. 23017 (F, MO). Huanuco: Prov. Leoncio Prado, Dist. Hermilio Valdizan, Plowman & Schunke 1 1744 (F). Junin: La Merced, Macbride 5637 90 FIELDIANA: BOTANY (F, us). Cuzco: Prov. Urubamba, Machu Picchu, lids el al. 1097 (GH). 4. Vittaria gardneriana Fee, Mem. foug. 3: 15, /. 3,f. 1. 1852. LECTOTYPE (Designated by Benedict, Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 41: 401. 1914): Brazil, Gardner 147 (holotype, not lo- cated; isotypes, B!, BM!, K!, P!, us!; photo, GH ofB). Vittaria remota Fee, Mem. foug. 7: 26, /. 20. f. 1. 1857. TYPE: Colombia, (Norte de Santander), Prov. Ocana, Schlim 611 (holotype, not located). Stem scales brown to atropurpureous, shortly dentate or long-ciliate. Leaves ca. 5-30 cm long, lamina linear-elliptical or somewhat broader, gradually tapering to the apex and base, often fal- cate. Petiole narrowly alate, flattened, rather soft, darker than the lamina. Soral lines hardly sunken, continuous. Epiphyte in dense forests, in cloud forests, or on fallen, rotting tree trunks, 850-2400 m, Amazonas to Cuzco. Costa Rica and Panama; Greater Antilles; Sur- inam to Colombia, south to Bolivia; Brazil. Although sometimes recognized as a distinct species, Vittaria remota grades into V. gardner- iana. The venation characters, among others, em- ployed to separate the two are not constant in the newer collections studied. Some specimens with a rather broad lamina have been misidentified as V. latifolia, but the lamina gradually tapers to the apex as in V. gardneriana rather than being rather abruptly reduced as in V. latifolia. Amazonas: Prov. Bagua. Cordillera Colan, Barbour 3977 (MO, USM), 3596 (MO). Huanuco: Cerros del Sira, Dudley 13050 (GH), 13221 A (GH). Pasco: Yapas, Pichis Trail, (as Junin), Killip & Smith 25552 (F, GH, us). Prov. Oxapampa, van der Werffet al. 8331 (MO, uc), 8424 (MO, uc). Cuzco: Prov. Urubamba, Machu Picchu, Peyton & Peyton 1303b (GH, MO). Prov. Paucartambo, Aguada de Asuncion, Vargas 7353 (uc). 5. Vittaria ruiziana Fee, Mem. foug. 3: 16, /. 3,f. 3. 1852. TYPE: Peru, Ruiz (holotype, not lo- cated; authentic specimen, Peru. Dombey, det. Fee, B!; photo, GH). Pteropsis vittarioides Desv., Mem. Soc. Linn. Paris, 6: 219. 1827. TYPE Peru, (holotype, Herb. Desv., P!, a single leaf evidently taken from [Junin] Hu- asi-Huasi, 1779, Dombey P!). A duplicate of Dom- bey is in Herb. Kunth, B!; photo, GH). Vittaria vittarioides (Desv.) Weath., Contr. Gray Herb. 1 14: 34. 1936, not (Thouars) C. Chr., Index fil. 655. 1907. Stem scales dark brown to atropurpureous, shortly dentate to entire. Leaves ca. 15-100 cm long, lamina narrow to very narrow, rather straight. Petiole mostly narrowly alate, flattened, firm, usu- ally darker than the lamina. Soral lines sunken or hardly so, continuous. Epiphyte in forests or rarely on rocks, 1800- 3450 m, Amazonas to Cuzco. Venezuela to Colombia, south to Bolivia. The lamina is narrowly linear or narrower and rather straight, in contrast to that of the previous species Vittaria gardneriana in which the lamina is narrowly elliptical to linear-elliptical and often falcate. Amazonas: Cerros Calla Calla, Hutchison & Wright 5688 (F, GH). San Martin: Prov. Mariscal Caceres, Rio Abiseo, Young 1622 (USM). Huanuco: Near Muna, Mac- bride 4136 (B, F, GH, us). Cuzco: Prov. Paucartambo, near Achirani, Vargas 1 1 157 (F, GH, us). Cerro Chuyapi, Bues A44 (GH, us). 6. Vittaria latifolia Benedict, Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 41: 403, t. 17. 19 14. Type: Bolivia, (Franz Tamayo), Santa Barbara, R. S. Williams 1337 (holotype, NY!; isotypes, GH!, us!). Stem scales light brown, long-ciliate. Leaves ca. 5-30 cm long, lamina elliptical, rather abruptly reduced to the apex, gradually narrowed to the base. Petiole narrowly alate, flattened, firm, usu- ally darker than the lamina. Soral lines hardly sunken, continuous. Pasco. Peru and Bolivia. Although this rare species is rather close to Vit- taria gardneriana, it is distinguished by the ellip- tical lamina that is rather abruptly reduced to the apex. The scales are subclathrate and their light brown color sometimes also occurs in V. gard- neriana, as do the long-ciliate scale margins. Pasco: Oxapampa, (as Junin), Soukup 2351 (GH). 7. Vittaria moritziana Mett., Ann. Sci. Nat. Bot. V, 2: 207. 1864. TYPE: Colombia, Canoas, TRYON & STOLZE: PTERIDOPHYTA OF PERU. II. 91 Lindig 319 (holotype, LZ destroyed; isotype, B!). Stem scales dark brown to atropurpureous, mostly shortly dentate. Leaves ca. 20- 100 cm long, lamina narrow. Petiole terete or oval, or flattened only at the base, not alate, indurated. Soral lines hardly sunken, continuous. Epiphyte in forests, 2400-3100 m, Amazonas and Pasco. Costa Rica; Hispaniola; Venezuela to Colombia and south to Bolivia. Amazonas: Prov. Chachapoyas, 2 km W of Molino- pampa, Wurdack 1480 (F, uc, us). Prov. Chachapoyas, Calla Calla slopes, Wurdack 1344 (GH, us). Pasco: Prov. Oxapampa, Cordillera Yanachaga, D. Smith 7665 (F). 8. Vittaria stipitata Kunze, Linnaea 9: 77. 1834. TYPE: Peru, (Huanuco), Pampayacu, Jul. 1829, Poeppig (Diar. 1121) (holotype, LZ de- stroyed; evidently illustrated in Kunze, An- alecta pteridogr. t. 18, f. 1; isotype, P!; au- thentic specimen, Poeppig, B!, K!; photo, GH of B). Figure 19e. Stem scales dark brown to atropurpureous, somewhat shortly dentate to entire. Leaves ca. 10- 75 cm long, lamina narrow. Petiole terete or oval, or flattened only at the base, not alate, indurated. Soral lines sunken, continuous. Epiphyte in forests and cloud forests, rarely on rocks, 600-2000 m, Amazonas to Cuzco. Guatemala to Panama; Greater Antilles; Ven- ezuela to Colombia and south to Bolivia; Brazil. This species and the previous, Vittaria morit- ziana, are characterized by their indurated, terete or oval and nonalate, usually dark-colored petiole. They may be distinguished by their stem scales, which are short and mostly two cells wide in V. stipitata, while they are longer and mostly six or more cells wide in V. moritziana. Amazonas: Prov. Bagua, 12 km E of La Peca, Barbour 2566 (F, MO, uc). Mendoza, Woytkowski 8312 (GH, MO, uc). San Martin: Mt. Guayrapurina, near Tarapoto, Spruce 4773 (K,P). Huanuco: Tingo Maria, Allard 21932 (us). Pasco: Prov. Oxapampa, Chequitavo, D. Smith 5184 (GH). Junin: Above San Ramon, SchunkeA146 (GH, us), Killip & Smith 24587 (F, us). Cuzco: Prov. La Conven- cion. Ichiquiato. Vargas 14492 (GH). IV. Anetium Anetium (Kunze) Splitg., Tijdschr. Natuurl. Gesch. Physiol. 7: 395. 1840. Figure 20. Acrostichum sect. Anetium Kunze, Beibl. Flora 1839: 1: 47. TYPE: Acrostichum citrifolium L. = Ane- tium citrifolium (L.) Splitg. Pteridanetium Copel., Gen. fil. 224. 1947, based on Anetium Splitg., not Anetia Endl. which is not a homonym as Copeland considered it to be. Epiphytic. Stem slender, rather long-creeping, scaly, the scales clathrate, bearing the leaves at intervals. Leaves small to rarely large, the lamina simple, entire, glabrous, veins anastomosing, forming many rows of areolae on each side of the costa. Sporangia borne superficially and often sparingly along the veins and also between them, indusium and paraphyses absent. Spores tetra- hedral-globose, trilete, with irregular strands. Anetium is an American genus of one species. 1. Anetium citrifolium (L.) Splitg., Tijdschr. Na- tuurl. Gesch. Physiol. 7: 395. 1840. Figure 20. Acrostichum citrifolium L.. Sp. pi. 1067. 1 753. TYPE: Martinique, Plumier, Traite foug. Amer. t. 116. 1705. Pteridanetium citrifolium (L.) Copel., Gen. fil. 224. 1947. Stem scales brownish, mostly broadly ovate-at- tenuate, iridescent. Leaves herbaceous-fleshy (pa- pyraceous in drying), pendent, 10 to usually 15- 30 to 100 cm long, the lamina elliptical to oblan- ceolate to ligulate, narrow to broad, nearly or quite sessile to short-petioled (especially in large leaves), apex obtuse to acute or abruptly acuminate. Epiphyte in dense forests, on fallen tree trunks, or rarely on wet rocks, 1 00-800 m, San Martin to Cuzco and Madre de Dios. Tropical America. San Martin: Prov. Mariscal Caceres, Quebrada de Challuayacu, J. Schunke V. 10752 (GH, MO, uc). Prov. Mariscal Caceres, Nuevo Progresso, J. Schunke V. 3162, 3203 (F, GH, us). Loreto: Puerto Arturo, Rio Huallaga. below Yurimaguas, Killip & Smith 27900 (F, GH, us). Rio Mazan, Schunke 301 (F, GH, uc, us). Huanuco: Rio Mon/an. near Tingo Maria, Tryon & Tryon 5300'/i (GH). Cuzco: Rio Apurimac, below Puerto Capiro, Davis et al. 1290 (GH). Madre de Dios: Prov. Tambopata, Leon & Bahorquez888 (USM). Alto Madre de Dios, Rauh & Hirsch 1644 (USM). 92 FIELDIANA: BOTANY FIG. 20. Anetium citrifolium: a, habit; b, portion of lamina near base, adaxial side; c, portion of fertile lamina, abaxial side; d, stem scale. (Adapted from Stolze, Ferns & fern allies of Guatemala, 1981.) TRYON & STOLZE: PTERIDOPHYTA OF PERU. II. 93 Family 15: DENNSTAEDTIACEAE Dennstaedtiaceae Pic.-Ser., Webbia 24: 704. 1 970. TYPE: Dennstaedtia Moore. Stem erect, to short- or very long-creeping, bear- ing trichomes or scales or both. Leaves small or to 7 m long, circinate in vernation, monomorphic or rarely somewhat dimorphic, usually pinnate, rarely simple, glabrous, glandular, pubescent, or rarely slightly scaly. Petiole lacking stipules, not articulate to the stem. Veins free to fully anasto- mosing, the areolae without included free veinlets. Sori marginal, submarginal, or rarely abaxial, at a vein end or on a vascular commissure connecting vein ends, indusiate, the indusium cup- or purse- shaped, or formed by the modified recurved mar- gin, or abaxial, or (in Hypolepis) sometimes ex- indusiate. Sporangia with a short to long, 1-3- rowed stalk, annulus vertical to slightly oblique, the indurated portion interrupted by the stalk. The Dennstaedtiaceae are a family of about 20 genera and 175 species. It is a widely distributed family through the World and, although basically pantropical, some elements are in boreal or south temperate regions. The family is diverse in its morphology and cytology and therefore is evi- dently old. It may be characterized by long-creep- ing stems bearing trichomes and large, decom- pound leaves, indusiate and marginal or submarginal sori, and the frequent presence of epi- petiolar buds. The key to genera has been adapted from Tryon and Tryon (1982). Reference TRYON, R. M., AND A. F. TRYON. 1982. Den- nstaedtiaceae, pp. 370-432, in Ferns and allied plants, Springer- Verlag, New York. Key to Genera of Dennstaedtiaceae a. Indusium cup- or purse-shaped, the adaxial and abaxial portions joined II. Dennstaedtia a. Indusium abaxial, the opposed margin not or hardly modified, flat or nearly so; or indusium formed by the modified margin or a separate abaxial indusium may also be present; or indusium absent . . b b. Indusium abaxial, the opposed margin not or hardly modified, flat or nearly so c c. Stem with trichomes and no scales I. Microlepia c. Stem with scales or sometimes also with trichomes d d. Each sorus served by 1 vein; indusium nearly cuneate, attached on both sides III. Saccoloma d. Each sorus elongate, served by 2 or more veins, these connected by a vascular commissure; indusium elongate, attached on the inner side X. Lindsaea b. Indusium formed by the modified margin, or a separate abaxial indusium may also be present; or indusium absent e e. Each sorus served by 1 vein VI. Hypolepis e. Each sorus served by few to many veins f f. Sterile segments and sterile portions of fertile segments with a modified margin similar to the indusium but not as broad IV. Pteridium f. Only the fertile portion of a segment with a modified marginal indusium g g. Abaxial indusia present V. Paesia g. Abaxial indusia absent h h. Lamina more or less pubescent, not glaucous abaxially i i. Stem decumbent to erect, indurated; veins fully anastomosing . . . VII. Blotiella i. Stem short-creeping, succulent; veins free or casually anastomosing VIII. I onchit is h. Lamina glabrous or nearly so, usually glaucous abaxially; stem long-creeping, slender, indurated IX. Histiopteris 94 FIELDIANA: BOTANY I. Microlepia Microlepia Presl, Tent, pterid. 124. 1836. TYPE: Microlepia polypodioides (Sw.) Presl (Dick- sonia polypodioides Sw.) = Microlepia spe- luncae (L.) Moore. Figure 21. Dennstaedtia Bernh., J. Bot. (Schrader) 1800(2): 124. 1802. TYPE: Dennstaedtia flaccida (Forster) Bernh. (Trichomanes flaccida Forster) = Micro- lepia flaccida (Forster) Fee. Terrestrial. Stem usually slender, long-creeping, bearing trichomes or rarely bristles. Leaves usually widely spaced, to 7 m long, sometimes scandent on other vegetation. Lamina 1-4-pinnate, usually pubescent, veins free. Sori abaxial to nearly mar- ginal, sometimes paraphysate, covered by an abaxial indusium that is attached at its sides or base, the leaf tissue beyond the sorus unmodified. Spores tetrahedral-globose, trilete, the surface finely echinate. The nomenclature of this genus is discussed un- der Dennstaedtia. It is not known from Peru, but the single American species Microlepia speluncae undoubtedly occurs there, since it is known from Ecuador and Bolivia. It should be sought in Peru in moist or wet forests on mountain slopes. 1 . Microlepia speluncae (L.) Moore, Index til. xciii. 1857. Figure 21. Polypodium speluncae L., Sp. pi. 1093. 1753. TYPE: Ceylon, Hermann (holotype, BM). Stem trichomes rather soft, several cells long, mostly catenate. Leaves ca. 0.5-1.5 m long, long- petioled. Lamina lanceolate to broadly lanceolate, pinnae broadest at or near the base, acuminate, softly pubescent beneath and less so above. In- dusium pubescent. Greater Antilles; widely scattered in South America; Old World. The only species in America; to be expected in Peru. The sorus and indusium of Microlepia speluncae are similar to those in Saccoloma inaequale, but M. speluncae has a creeping stem bearing tri- chomes, while S. inaequale has an erect stem bear- ing scales. The lamina architecture and pubescence of M. speluncae are similar to those of Dennstaed- tia cicutaria but the sori of M. speluncae are back of, or close to, the margin, while in D. cicutaria they are truly marginal. II. Dennstaedtia Dennstaedtia Moore, Index fil. xcvii. 1859. TYPE: Dennstaedtia cicutaria (Sw.) Moore (Dickson- ia cicutaria Sw.). Figure 22. Sitobolium Desv., Mem. Linn. Soc. Paris 6: 262. 1 827. TYPE: Sitobolium punctilobulum (Michx.) Desv. = Dennstaedtia punctilobula (Michx.) Moore. Stem usually slender and widely creeping, bear- ing trichomes. Leaves large to very large, to 7 m long, sometimes scandent on other vegetation. Lamina 1 -pinnate to 4-pinnate-pinnatifid, gla- brous or pubescent, veins free. Sori marginal, sometimes paraphysate, the adaxial and abaxial indusia joined to form a cylindrical, globose, or purse-shaped indusium that is bilabiate or not. Spores tetrahedral-globose, trilete, the surface ver- rucate, tuberculate, reticulate, or ridged. Dennstaedtia is a tropical and extratropical ge- nus of about 45 species, with 12 in America and all but two of them in Peru: Dennstaedtia distenta of Mexico, Central America, and the Greater An- tilles, and D. punctilobula of eastern North Amer- ica. The name Dennstaedtia is used here from a later publication than that of Bernhardi (see Microlepia) and with a different type, as in Tryon and Tryon (1982). The type species of Dennstaedtia Bernh. is D. flaccida, which has the echinate spores of Microlepia. We are unwilling to make about 90 new combinations and to designate Microlepia as Dennstaedtia and Dennstaedtia as Sitobolium, as would be required by the International Code of Botanical Nomenclature. References TRYON, R. 1960. A review of the genus Den- nstaedtia in America. Contr. Gray Herb., 187: 23-52. TRYON, R. M., AND A. F. TRYON. 1982. Den- nstaedtia, pp. 377-383, in Ferns and allied plants, Springer- Verlag, New York. TRYON & STOLZE: PTERIDOPHYTA OF PERU. II. 95 5 mm 1mm FIG. 2 1 . Microlepia speluncae: a, pinna; b, penultimate segment, abaxial side; c, laminar trichomes. (From Clute 227 , Jamaica, F.) 96 FIELDIANA: BOTANY FIG. 22. Dennstaedtia dissecta: a, stem and one pinna; b, base of pinnule, abaxial side. Dennstaedtia bipinnata: c, portion of rachis and pinna-rachis, adaxial side. Dennstaedtia globulifera: d, base of pinna, abaxial side. (Adapted from Stolze, Ferns & fern allies of Guatemala, 1981.) TRYON & STOLZE: PTERIDOPHYTA OF PERU. II. 97 Key to Species of Dennstaedtia a. Axis of the penultimate segments on the adaxial surface bordered on each side by a pronounced herbaceous wing perpendicular to the plane of the segment, the wing on the basiscopic side decurrent onto the axis of the next order, either as an herbaceous wing or as a pronounced ridge; trichomes on the abaxial surface of the pinnules wholly clear brown or tan (rarely subopaque or whitish) b b. Basal segments of the pinnules of the central pinnae definitely alternate, quite unequal in size, the inferior one ascending to strongly ascending; indusium cylindrical to subcylindrical, rarely globular; lamina lanceolate-ovate to ovate 3. D. bipinnata b. Basal segments of the pinnules of the central pinnae usually subopposite to nearly opposite, rather or quite equal in size, the inferior one not or slightly ascending; indusium globular or less often subglobular or rarely cylindrical; lamina deltoid 4. D. globulifera a. Axis of the penultimate segments on the adaxial surface lacking perpendicular herbaceous wings, or these present but the one on the basiscopic side not decurrent onto the axis of the next order; tri- chomes on the abaxial surface of the pinnules, when present, whitish to brownish and usually sub- opaque c c. Sterile vein tips on the adaxial surface slender; pinnules abaxially glabrous or with sparse to dense, rather spreading trichomes d d. Many or most of the sori borne in a sinus; pinnules abaxially more or less pubescent; lamina deltoid 1 . D. cicutaria d. All or most of the sori terminal on a lobe; pinnules abaxially glabrous or nearly so; lamina ovate- to deltoid-lanceolate 2. D. glauca c. Sterile vein tips on the adaxial surface enlarged, clavate to punctate (rarely slender in D. dissecta)\ pinnules abaxially glabrate to usually with subappressed, ascending trichomes e e. Lamina 1 -pinnate-pinnatifid or more complex f f. Sterile veins ending well away from the glabrous margin g g. Pinnules 1 -pinnate to 1 -pinnate-pinnatifid; apical segments of the pinnae separate or nearly so to the prolonged tip, the separate ones closest to the tip obtuse 5. D. dissecta g. Pinnules entire to deeply pinnatifid; apical segments of the pinnae confluent back of the prolonged tip, the separate ones closest to the tip acute 6. D. arborescens f. Sterile veins nearly reaching the persistently pubescent margin 7. D. spruce! e. Lamina 1 -pinnate, the pinnae entire 8. D. wercklei 1 . Dennstaedtia cicutaria (Sw.) Moore, Index fil. xcvii. 1857. Dicksonia cicutaria Sw., J. Bot. (Schrader) 1800(2): 91.1801. TYPE: Jamaica, Swart z (holotype, s!; frag., us!; photo, us!; isotype, B!, Herb. Willd. 20156; photo, GH). Dicksonia rubiginosa Kaulf., Enum. fil. 226. 1824. TYPE: Brazil, (Guanabara), Rio de Janeiro, Mer- tens (holotype, LE!; photo, GH). Dennstaedtia rubiginosa (Kaulf.) Moore, Index fil. xcvii. 1857. Leaves ca. 14 m long. Lamina deltoid, 3-pin- nate to 4-pinnate-pinnatifid. Axes of the penulti- mate segments without herbaceous ridges or wings on the adaxial surface, sterile vein tips on the adax- ial surface slender, ending well away from the gla- brous to sparingly pubescent margin. Pinnules more or less pubescent adaxially and abaxially, with whitish to brownish usually dimorphic tri- chomes, some 1 -celled, short, acicular, rigid, oth- ers (rarely the only kind) multicellular, longer, sometimes lax and subtortuous. Sori mostly borne in a sinus, mature indusia saucer- to purse-shaped. In dense or open forests, at the borders of clear- ings, along roads through forests, 200-1700 m, Amazonas south to Puno. Central Mexico to Panama; Greater Antilles; Venezuela and Colombia to Bolivia and southern Brazil. In addition to the characters mentioned in the key, this species and the following one, Dennstaed- tia glauca, may often be separated by the color of the major axes. In D. cicutaria they are usually brownish, and in D. glauca they are usually straw- colored. 98 FIELDIANA: BOTANY Amazonas: Prov. Bagua, ca. 5 km S of La Peca, Bar- hour 4312 (MO). San Martin: Near Tarapoto, Spruce 4338 (GH, K.). Zepelacio, near Moyobamba, Klug 3553 (F, GH, K, us). Loreto: Near mouth of Rio Santiago, Mexia 6128 (BM, F, GH, K, MO, uc, us). Huanuco: Dist. Chu- rubamba, Cotirarda, Mexia 8218 (F, GH, MO, uc, us). Pozuzo, Macbride 4605 (F, us). Pasco: Quillasu, Soukup 3513 (GH, us). Junin: La Merced, Killip & Smith 23699 (F, GH, us). Satipo, Aug., 1940, Ridoutt (GH, us). Ayac- ucho: Estrella, between Huanta and Rio Apurimac, Killip & Smith 22440 (GH, us). Cuzco: Potrero, 8 km W of Quillabamba, Tryon & Tryon 5372 (BM, F, GH, u, us, USM). Puno: Churumayo, Soukup 871 (F). Prov. Cara- baya, Vargas /6/29(GH). 2. Dennstaedtia glauca (Cav.) Looser, Rev. Hist. Geog. Chile 69: 184. 1932. Davallia glauca Cav., Descr. pi. 278. 1802. TYPE: Chile, Cordillera de Planchon, Nee (holotype, MA; frag., BM!; Looser, op. cit., and C. Chr. in Dansk. Bot. Ark. 9(3): 28. 1937, discuss the identity of the type). Leaves ca. 0.5-2 m long. Lamina ovate- to del- toid-lanceolate, 3-4-pinnate-pinnatifid. Axes of the penultimate segments with an herbaceous ridge on the adaxial surface, sterile vein tips, on the adaxial surface, slender, ending well away from the gla- brous margin. Pinnules glabrous or nearly so. Sori predominantly terminal on lobes, mature indusia usually purse-shaped. In moist, shrubby or rocky ravines and on banks, 2900-3700 m, Cuzco and Puno. Chile, northeast to adjacent Argentina, to Bo- livia and southern Peru. Specimens of Dennstaedtia cicutaria that are only slightly pubescent may be confused with D. glau- ca. All of the characters mentioned in the key under heading d must be employed for certain identification. Cuzco: Prov. Quispicanchi, Hacienda Chiraura, Her- rera 2623 (uc, us). Prov. Paucartambo, near Paucartam- bo. Plowman & Davis 4915 (F, GH). San Jeronimo, Var- gas 2320 (MO, uc, us). Puno: Cuyocuyo, Weberbauer 934 (B). Prov. Sandia, cerca a Cuyocuyo, Ferreyra 16614 (GH). 3. Dennstaedtia bipinnata (Cav.) Maxon, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. 61: 39. 1938. Figure 22c. Dicksonia bipinnata Cav., Descr. pi. 1 74. 1 802. TYPE: Porto Rico, Ventenat (holotype, MA; isotype, B!, Herb. mild. 20165-1; photo, GH; frag., us!). Leaves ca. 1-3 m long. Lamina ovate to lanceo- late-ovate, 3-4-pinnate-pinnatifid. Axes of the penultimate segments bordered on each side, on the adaxial surface, by a pronounced herbaceous wing perpendicular to the plane of the segment, the wing on the basiscopic side decurrent onto the axis of the next order, sterile vein tips on the adax- ial surface usually slender, ending well away from the glabrous margin. Pinnules usually slightly pu- bescent abaxially, the trichomes often nearly con- fined to the base of the tertiary segments, tri- chomes wholly clear brown to tan (rarely subopaque or whitish), rather straight and rigid. Sori mostly borne in a sinus, mature indusia cy- lindrical to rarely globular. In forests, 135-1800 m, San Martin and Loreto to Cuzco and Madre de Dios. Southern Florida; Mexico and Central America; Greater Antilles; Trinidad to Colombia, south to Peru and Bolivia. The lamina in Dennstaedtia bipinnata is usually coriaceous or firmly herbaceous and shining abax- ially, and the ultimate segments are acutely to sub- acutely dentate. In D. globulifera the lamina is usually softly herbaceous and dull abaxially, and the ultimate segments are entire to usually bluntly dentate. San Martin: Monte Campana, Tarapoto, Spruce 4690 (A, K). San Roque, LI. Williams 7/79(F). Loreto: Mouth of Rio Santiago, Mexia 6127 (BM, F, GH, K, MO, uc, us). Huanuco: Sinchono, Aguilar 940 (USM). Junin: Satipo, Aug., 1940, Ridoutt (GH, USM). Chanchamayo valley, C. Schunke 947 (F, us). Ucayali: Prov. Coronel Portillo, Bosque Nacional de Iparia, J. Schunke V. 2713 (F, GH, us). Ayacucho: Near Kimpitirki, Apurimac valley, Killip & Smith 22875 (F, us), 22957 (BM, us). Cuzco: Prov. La Convention, Dudley 10239 (GH). Madre de Dios: Prov. Tambopata, Tambopata Nature Reserve, Barbour 5331 (F, MO). Prov. Manu, Rio Palotoa, Terborgh & Foster 6796 (F). 4. Dennstaedtia globulifera (Poiret) Hieron., Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 34: 455. 1904. Figure 22d. Polypodium globuliferum Poiret in Lam., Encycl. 5: 554. 1804. TYPE: Santo Domingo, Plumier, Traite foug. Amer. /. 30. 1705. Leaves ca. 1-3 m long. Lamina deltoid, 3-pin- nate to nearly 4-pinnate. Axes of the penultimate segments bordered on each side on the adaxial surface by a pronounced herbaceous wing perpen- dicular to the plane of the segment, the wing on TRYON & STOLZE: PTERIDOPHYTA OF PERU. II. 99 the basiscopic side decurrent onto the axis of the next order, sterile vein tips on the adaxial surface usually slender, ending well away from the gla- brous margin. Pinnules more or less pubescent abaxially, the trichomes wholly clear brown or tan (rarely subopaque or whitish), rather straight and rigid. Sori borne in a sinus or at the apex of a lobe, mature indusia globular to rarely cylindrical. In forests, 1000-2800 m, Cajamarca to Cuzco. Texas; Mexico and Central America; Greater Antilles; Venezuela and Colombia south to Boliv- ia, Argentina, and southern Brazil. Additional characters, useful for the separation of Dennstaedtia globulifera and D. bipinnata are discussed under the latter species. trichomes subappressed, ascending, more or less curled. Sori borne in a sinus or at the apex of a lobe, mature indusia purse- to cup-shaped. In forests and cloud forests, 500-2100 m, Ama- zonas south to Cuzco and Madre de Dios. Mexico and Central America; Antilles; Trinidad to Colombia, south to Bolivia, Paraguay, and southern Brazil. Although Dennstaedtia obtusifolia is sometimes recognized as a distinct species, it is very similar to D. dissecta and the two are probably variations of one species. The shape of the mature indusia is from purse- to cup-shaped, and this variation in- cludes the usually cup-shaped indusia of D. ob- tusifolia. Cajamarca: Prov. Hualgayoc, Soukup 3809 (F, us). Amazonas: Prov. Bagua, Cordillera Colan, Barbour 3981 (MO). Pasco: Oxapampa, Soukup 2357 (F). Pichis Trail, Yapas, (as Junin), Killip & Smith 25473 (F, GH, us). Junin: Above San Ramon, Killip & Smith 24648 (F, us). Chanchamayo valley, C. Schunke 12 (F, us). Cuzco: Valle de Occobamba, Biies 879 (us). Prov. Urubamba, Chavez 3424 (GH). 5. Dennstaedtia dissecta (Sw.) Moore, Index fil. 305. 1861. Figure 22a-b. Polypodium dissectum Sw., Prodr. 134. 1788, not Forster, 1786. Dicksonia dissecta Sw., J. Bot. (Schrader) 1800(2): 1802. TYPE: Jamaica, Swartz (holotype, s!; frag., us!; photo, us). Dicksonia obtusifolia Willd., Sp. pi. ed. 4, 5: 483. 1810. TYPE: Venezuela, (Dist. Federal), Caracas, Bre- demeyer (holotype, B!, Herb. Willd. 20163; pho- tos, GH, us; frag., LE!). Dicksonia erosa Kunze, Linnaea 9: 88. 1834. TYPE: Peru, (Huanuco), Pampayacu, July, 1829, Poep- pig (Diar. 1127), (holotype, LZ destroyed; iso- types?, Poeppig 169, B!, P!, LE!; photo, GH of B). Dennstaedtia obtusifolia (Willd.) Moore, Index fil. 306. 1861. Dennstaedtia erosa (Kunze) Moore, Index fil. 306. 1861. Leaves ca. 2-3 m long. Lamina deltoid to lan- ceolate, 2-pinnate-pinnatifid to 4-pinnate. Axes of the penultimate segments without perpendicular herbaceous wings on the adaxial surface, or with them but the wing on the basiscopic side not de- current onto the axis of the next order, sterile vein tips on the adaxial surface clavate to punctate (rarely slender), ending well away from the gla- brous margin. Pinnules glabrate to usually pubes- cent abaxially, especially on the axes, the brownish Amazonas: Prov. Bagua, 12 km E of La Peca, Barbour 2498 (F, GH, MO, uc). San Martin: Near Tarapoto, Spruce 4246 (GH). Prov. Rioja, Pedro Ruiz-Moyobamba, Smith & Vdsquez 4693 (GH). Huanuco: Puente Durand to Exito, Mexia 8248 (F, GH, uc, us). Pasco: Pichis Trail, (as Junin), Killip & Smith 25550 (us). Junin: Near La Merced, Killip & Smith 23915 (BM, F, us). Ucayali: La Divisoria, (as Huanuco), Aguilar 851 (GH, USM). Ayacucho: Estrella, between Huanta and Rio Apurimac, Killip & Smith 22647 (F, GH, us). Cuzco: Prov. La Convention, Cordillera Vil- cabamba, Dudley 11268 (GH). Madre de Dios: Prov. Manu, Cerro de Pantiacolla, Foster et al. 10909 (F). 6. Dennstaedtia arborescens (Willd.) Maxon, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. 43: 88. 1930. Davallia arborescens Willd., Sp. pi. ed. 4, 5: 470. 1810. TYPE: Santo Domingo, Plumier, Traite foug. Amer. /. 6, 1705. Davallia concinna Presl, Reliq. haenk. 1: 66. 1825, not Schrader, 1818. SYNTYPES: "Chile", 1790, Haenke (2 sheets, PR; photos, GH, us). The species is not known from Chile, and Presl was undoubt- edly correct in later (Epim. hot. reprint 1 02) citing the Haenke collections from Peru. Deparia mathewsii Hooker, Sp. fil. 1: 85, t. 30B. 1844. TYPE: Peru, Mathews 1782 (holotype, K!; frag., P!, us!; isotypes, BM!, us!). Dennstaedtia concinna (Presl) Moore, Index fil. xcvii. 1857. Dennstaedtia mathewsii (Hooker) C. Chr., Index fil. 218. 1905. Leaves ca. 1.5-3 m long. Lamina ovate to lan- ceolate, 2-3-pinnate. Axes of the penultimate seg- ments without perpendicular herbaceous wings on the adaxial surface, or with them but the wing on the basiscopic side not decurrent onto the axis of the next order, sterile vein tips on the adaxial sur- face clavate to punctate, ending well away from the glabrous margin. Pinnules glabrate to usually 100 FIELDIANA: BOTANY pubescent beneath, the trichomes brownish, su- bappressed, ascending, more or less curled. Sori mostly borne at a nearly entire margin, often con- tiguous, mature indusia purse-shaped to usually cup-shaped. In forests, 600-2 1 50 m, Amazonas to Puno. Mexico and Central America; Greater Antilles; Venezuela to Colombia, south to Bolivia. The shape and size of the ultimate segments are quite variable in this species. Sometimes it has proliferous buds in the axils of the pinnae, a char- acter also present in Dennstaedtia dissecta. Amazonas: Prov. Bagua, Cordillera Colan, Barbour 4138 (F, MO). San Martin: Tarapoto, Spruce 4346 (BM, GH, us). Prov. Rioja, Pedro Ruiz-Moyobamba, Smith & Vdsquez 4699 (GH). Huanuco: Huacachi, near Muna, Macbride 4176 (F, us). Cushi, Macbride 4842 (F, us). Junin: Above San Ramon, Killip & Smith 24642 (F, GH, us). Cuzco: Prov. La Convencion, Amaibamba, Vargas 9805 (uc). Prou. La Convencion, Cordillera Vilcabam- ba, Dudley 10165 (GH). Madre de Dios: Prov. Manu, Atalaya. Foster & Wachter 7425 (MO). Puno: San Gaban, Lechler 2157 (B). 7. Dennstaedtia spruce! Moore, Index til. 308. 1861. TYPE: Ecuador, Spruce 5350 (holo- type, Herb. Hooker, K!; photo, us; isotypes, GH!, P!; frag., us!; photo, us of c). Leaves ca. 1-2 m long. Lamina lanceolate, pin- nate-pinnatifid to 2-pinnate-pinnatifid. Axes of the penultimate segments without herbaceous wings on the adaxial surface, sterile vein tips on the adax- ial surface clavate to punctate, nearly reaching the persistently pubescent margin. Pinnules and pin- nae pubescent abaxially, especially on the axes, the trichomes brownish, curled. Sori borne at the nearly entire margin, mostly contiguous, mature indusia purse- to cup-shaped. Dense forests, 1700-1900 m, Pasco. Ecuador and Peru. Dennstaedtia sprucei is evidently a rare species and adequate material has not been available to determine variation, if there is any, in the shape of the lamina. The persistently pubescent margin with the vein ends extending very nearly to the margin are distinctive characters of D. sprucei. This species was originally described and figured by Hooker (Sp. fil. 1: 74, /. 26 A) under the name Dicksonia pavonii. That name, however, is tech- nically a nom. nov. for Davallia arborescens Willd., not Dicksonia arborescens L 'Her. Pasco: Oxapampa, (as Junin), Soukup 1826 (GH, us). Dos de Mayo, (as Junin) Killip & Smith 25848 (BM, GH, us). Dept. Unknown: Perou (F no. 809472). 8. Dennstaedtia wercklei (Christ) Tryon, Contr. Gray Herb. 187: 50. 1960. Saccoloma wercklei Christ, Bull. Herb. Boissier, II, 4: 1 100. 1904. TYPE: Costa Rica, Werckle320(ho- lotype, P!; photo in Amer. Fern J. 48: /. 13-14. 1958). Leaves ca. 0.5-1.5 m long. Lamina lanceolate, 1 -pinnate. Pinnae entire, sometimes subauricu- late, sterile vein tips on the adaxial surface clavate to punctate, ending near the glabrous margin, slightly pubescent beneath, especially on the costa, the trichomes brownish, subappressed, ascending, more or less curled. Sori contiguous along the en- tire margin, mature indusia purse-shaped, contig- uous, and often joined. In forests and cloud forests, 1700-2040 m, Amazonas, San Martin, and Huanuco. Costa Rica, Colombia, and Peru. The 1 -pinnate lamina makes this a very dis- tinctive species. It is rarely collected and has an unusual, disjunct distribution. Amazonas: Prov. Bagua, 12 km E of La Peca, Barbour 2572 (F, MO, uc). San Martin: Prov. Rioja, Pedro Ruiz- Moyobamba, Smith & Vdsquez 45.93 (GH). Huanuco: Pozuzo, Bryan 674 (us). III. Saccoloma Saccoloma Kaulf., Berlin Jahrb. Pharm. 1820: 51. TYPE: Saccoloma elegans Kaulf. Figure 23. Terrestrial. Stem moderately stout, erect to de- cumbent, bearing scales. Leaves borne in a cluster, to ca. 2.5 m long. Lamina 1-5-pinnate, glabrous or nearly so, veins free. Sori marginal or nearly so, not paraphysate, covered or not by an abaxial indusium attached at its sides, the leaf-tissue be- yond the sorus unmodified or slightly modified. Spores tetrahedral-globose, trilete, the surface with long, nearly parallel ridges. Saccoloma is a tropical genus of about 1 species, with three of them in America, and two in Peru. TRYON & STOLZE: PTERIDOPHYTA OF PERU. II. 101 FIG. 23. Saccoloma inaequale: a, apical portion of lamina; b, portion of pinnule, abaxial side. Saccoloma elegans: c, silhouette of leaf apex; d, fertile pinna margin, abaxial side. (Adapted from Stolze, Ferns & fern allies of Guatemala, 1981.) 102 FIELDIANA: BOTANY In the 1 -pinnate Saccoloma elegans the sori are often confluent at maturity or laterally joined, the margin may be recurved and somewhat modified, and the abaxial indusium is sometimes poorly de- veloped. Reference TRYON, R. 1962. The genus Saccoloma Kaulf., in Taxonomic fern notes, III. Contr. Gray Herb., 191: 100-106. Key to Species of Saccoloma a. Lamina 2-pinnate or more complex a. Lamina 1 -pinnate, the pinnae entire 1. S. inaequale . . 2. S. elegans 1. Saccoloma inaequale (Kunze) Mett., Ann. Sci. Nat. Bot. IV, 15: 80. 1861. Figure 23a-b. Davallia inaequalis Kunze, Linnaea 9: 87. 1 834. TYPE: Peru, (Loreto), Maynas, Yurimaguas, Dec. 1830, Poeppig Diar. 2113 (holotype, LZ destroyed; is- otypes, B!, GH!; frag., ex B, us!; photo, GH of B). Microlepia inaequalis var. nigrescens Mett., Fil. lechl. 1: 22. 1856. TYPE: Peru, St. Gavan, (Rio San Gaban), Lechler 2293 (holotype, probably LZ de- stroyed; isotype, B!; photos, GH, us). Saccoloma inaequale var. caudal a Hieron., Hedwigia 47: 207. 1908. TYPE: Peru, (Loreto), near "Yqui- tos" (Iquitos) and Cocha Stubel 1 129 (holotype, B). Stem quite erect. Leaves ca. 1-1.5 m long, long- petioled. Lamina 2^4-pinnate, deltoid to long-tri- angular, the apex gradually reduced, veins more or less evident beneath. Sori distant, indusium glabrous. In woods, dense forests, and cloud forests, 1 00- 1 760 m, Amazonas to Puno. Tropical America. This is a rather commonly collected species. There is considerable variation in the size of the ultimate segments and the degree of dissection of the lamina. Amazonas: Prov. Bagua, above Cascadas de Mayasi, Wurdack 1968 (GH, us). Prov, Bagua, 12 km E of La Peca, Barbour 2626 (F, MO, uc). San Martin: Prov. Mar- iscal Caceres, Dist. Tocache Nuevo, /. Schunke V. 3925 (F, GH, us). Tarapoto, LI. Williams 6007 (F, GH). Loreto: Prov. Maynas, Dist. Iquitos, McDaniel & Rimachi 17091 (F, GH). Mishana, Rio Nanay, Solomon 3574 (F, MO). Iquitos, Killip & Smith 30687 (F, us). Huanuco: Tingo Maria, Tryon & Tryon 5223 (BM, F, GH, u, us, USM), Ferreyra 10320 (GH, USM). Pasco: Prov. Oxapampa, cer- ca de Puerto Bermudez, Leon 304 (USM). Puerto Yessup, (as Junin), Killip & Smith 26368 (F, us). Junin: Near La Merced, Killip & Smith 23988 (F, GH, us). Above San Ramon, C. Schunke A232 (GH, us). Ucayali: Prov. Co- ronel Portillo, Parque Nacional von Humboldt, Puerto Inca, Croat 51053 (MO, uc). Cerro de Canchyuaya, Rio Ucayali, (as Loreto), McDaniel 14155 (F, GH). Ayacucho: Prov. La Mar, Cordillera Central, Dudley 11940 (GH). Cuzco: Prov. La Convention, Cordillera Vilcabamba, Dudley 10604 (GH), 70/47 (GH). Prov. Quispicanchi, entre Machiche y Inambari, Vargas 16464 (GH). Madre de Dios: Prov. Manu, Cerro de Pantiacolla, Foster et al. 10700 (GH). Prov. Tambopata, Tambopata Nature Re- serve, Barbour 5169 (F, MO). Puno: Sandia, Weberbauer 1263 (B). 2. Saccoloma elegans Kaulf, Berlin Jahrb. Pharm. 1820: 51. TYPE: None cited, but in Enum. fil. 224. 1824, Kaulfuss cited Sello, Brazil, which may be accepted as the type; two sheets of this collection are at B!; photo, GH. Figure 23c-d. Stem erect to decumbent with age. Leaves ca. 1-2.5 m long, long-petioled. Lamina 1 -pinnate, ovate-oblong, apex with a conform terminal pin- na, pinnae simple, long- to oblong-elliptical, veins prominent beneath. Sori very numerous along the margin, mostly contiguous, indusium glabrous. In woods and dense forests, 100-1700 m, San Martin to Puno. Central America; Greater Antilles; tropical South America. This is a very distinctive species and not closely related to any others in the genus. San Martin: Prov. Lamas, Lamas, Belshaw 3429 (GH, us). Prov. San Martin, Dist. Tarapoto, Rimachi 5766 (F). Loreto: Iquitos, Killip & Smith 27121 (F, NY, us). Huanuco: Prov. Pachitea, Bosque Nacional de Iparia, J. Schunke V. 2856 (F, GH, us). Pasco: San Nicolas, Pichis Trail, (as Junin), Killip & Smith 26072 (F, GH, NY, us). Junin: Above San Ramon, Killip & Smith 24574 (GH, NY, us). La Merced, Soukup 1090 (F). Puno: San Gaban, Lechler 2416 (B). TRYON & STOLZE: PTERIDOPHYTA OF PERU. II. 103 FIG. 24. Pteridium aquilinum var. arachnoideum: a, portion of stem with petiole base; b, portion of pinna; c, ultimate segment, abaxial side, (a from Macbride & Featherstone 1671, F, b, c, from Macbride 4507, F.) 104 FIELDIANA: BOTANY IV. Pteridium Pteridium Scop., Fl. carniol. 169. 1760. TYPE: Pteridium aquilinum (L.) Kuhn (Pteris aquil- ina L.). Figure 24. Terrestrial. Stem slender, long-creeping, fre- quently branched, bearing trichomes. Leaves widely spaced, to ca. 7 m long, sometimes scan- dent on other vegetation. Lamina 2-pinnate-pin- natifid to 4-pinnate, pubescent to rarely glabrous, sterile margins with an indusium similar to that of the fertile ones, veins free. Sori marginal, not paraphysate, covered by a well-modified marginal indusium, the sporangia borne on a long vascular commissure connecting the vein ends, an abaxial indusium present or absent or poorly developed. Spores tetrahedral-globose, trilete, irregularly granulate. Pteridium is a genus of one species and 1 2 geo- graphic varieties, distributed nearly throughout the world. There are six of the varieties in America and two of them in Peru. A special feature of the genus is the development of a sterile indusium on the sterile margins of seg- ments. This is similar to the indusium that covers the sorus but is usually narrower. Reference TRYON, R. M. 1 94 1 . Revision of the genus Pteri- dium. Rhodora, 43: 1-31, 37-67, and Contr. Gray Herb., 134: 1-70. 1 . Pteridium aquilinum (L.) Kuhn in Decken, Re- isen Ost-Afrika 3(3): 11. 1879. Pteris aquilina L., Sp. pi. 1075. 1753. TYPE: Figure ofFilixfemina Fuchs, Hist, stirp. 596 (misprinted as 569. 1542). The two varieties in Peru may be separated by the following key. However, some specimens are rather intermediate between the varieties, while rarely others depart from the varieties in one char- acter or another. Key to Varieties a. Free lobes absent on the axis between the ultimate or penultimate segments, the base of the ultimate segments, especially toward the apex of a penultimate segment, definitely decurrent la. var. caudatum a. Free, or nearly free, lobes present on the axis between the ultimate or penultimate segments . Ib. var. arachnoideum la. Pteridium aquilinum var. caudatum (L.) Sad- ebeck, Jahrb. Hamb. Wiss. Anst. 14, Beiheft 3: 5. 1897. Pteris caudata L., Sp. pi. 1075. 1753. TYPE: LINN 1246.15!; photo, A. Pteridium caudatum (L.) Maxon, Proc. U.S. Natl. Mus. 23: 631. 1901. In woods and borders of pastures, 1250-2300 m, Cajamarca, Amazonas, and San Martin. Mexico and Central America; West Indies; Ven- ezuela, Colombia to Peru, and northern Brazil. Cajamarca: Prov. San Miguel, Niepos, Llatas 1546 (F). Amazonas: Prov. Bagua, 5 km S of La Peca, Barbour 4311 (F, MO). Prov. Chachapoyas. entre Ingenio y Po- macocha, Lopez et al. 4313 (GH). San Martin: Prov. Lamas, Dist. Lamas, Belshaw 3449 (GH, uc, us). Ib. Pteridium aquilinum var. arachnoideum (Kaulf.) Brade, Zeitschrift Deut. Ver. Wissen. Kunst, Sao Paulo 1:56. 1 920. Figure 24. Pteris arachnoidea Kaulf., Enum. fil. 190. 1824. TYPE: Brazil, Chamisso (holotype or isotype, LE!; photo, GH). Pteridium arachnoideum (Kaulf.) Maxon, J. Wash. Acad. Sci. 14: 89. 1924. Open slopes, pastures, thickets, rocky places, and cleared land, 400-3000 m, Piura to Puno. Primarily in South America; less common in Mexico, Central America, and the West Indies. The species Pteridium aquilinum is a serious weed in many parts of the world, and in Peru var. arachnoideum is often an unwelcome pioneer. It is especially a serious pest in newly cleared land intended for agricultural crops. The main stem is TRYON & STOLZE: PTERIDOPHYTA OF PERU. II. 105 usually deep in the soil, and it sends forth branches that bear the leaves. These also bear latent buds, and cutting the leaves or burning only has the effect of increasing the number of leaves. Piura: Prov. Huancabamba, Huancabamba-Cuellodel Indio, Lopez et al. 8916 (F). Cajamarca: Prov. San Miguel, Llapa-Uchuquina, Sagdstegui et al. 8887 (F, HUT, MO). NW of Hualgayoc, Stork & Morton 10027 (F, uc). Ama- zonas: Prov. Chachapoyas, alrededores de Chachapoyas, Lopez et al. 4342 (GH). La Libertad: Prov. Trujillo, Cerro Campana, Sagdstegui & Cabanillas 8352 (MO). San Mar- tin: Tarapoto, LI. Williams 5641, 5971 (F). Huanuco: Between Chinchao and Puente Durand, Coronado 92 (GH, us). 5 km NE of Acomayo, Tryon & Tryon 5224 (BM, F, MO, u, us, USM). Lima: Prov. Chancay, Lachay, Ferreyra 9767 (GH, USM). Pasco: Prov. Oxapampa, near confluence of Rio Palcazu and Rio Iscozacin, Smith & Franzen 1942 (F). Junin: Huacapistana, Ferreyra 307 (GH, USM). Carpapata, Cerrate 2796 (GH, USM). Ayacu- cho: Estrella, Killip & Smith 23095 (F, NY, us). Cuzco: Cerro de Cusilluyoc, Pennell 13936 (F, GH, NY, us). Prov. Urubamba, Machu Picchu, Ferreyra 2705 (GH, USM). Madre de Dios: Planchon, Gutte & Af tiller 8307 (USM). Puno: Prov. Sandia, San Juan del Oro, Soukup & Lopez 14699 (GH). V. Paesia Paesia St.-Hil., Voy. distr. diam. 1: 381. 1833. TYPE: Paesia viscosa St.-Hil. = Paesia glan- dulosa (Sw.) Kuhn. Figure 25. Terrestrial. Stem slender, long-creeping, bear- ing trichomes. Leaves well spaced, to 2.5 m long, sometimes scandent on other vegetation. Lamina to 4-pinnate-pinnatifid, essentially glabrous, glan- dular-pubescent, or pubescent, veins free. Sori marginal, not paraphysate, the sporangia borne on a short to long vascular commissure connecting the vein ends, covered by a well-modified mar- ginal indusium, an abaxial indusium also present. Spores ellipsoidal, monolete, somewhat to coarse- ly rugose. Paesia is a mostly tropical genus of about 1 2 species, with two of them in America and one in Peru. The other American species is Paesia an- fractuosa (Christ) C. Chr. of Costa Rica. 1. Paesia glandulosa (Sw.) Kuhn, Festschrift 50 jahr. jub. Real. Berlin 347 (Chaetopt. 27). 1882. Figure 25. Cheilanthes glandulosa Sw., Kongl. Vetensk. Akad. Handl. 1817: 77. TYPE: Brazil, (Minas Gerais), Villa Rica, Freyreis (holotype, s!; photo, GH; is- otype, s!; photo, GH). Paesia viscosa St.-Hil., Voy. distr. diam. 1:381.1833. TYPE: Brazil, Minas Gerais, Serra da Piedade, St. Hilaire 2260 (holotype, P!; isotype, GH!). Pteris amazonica Christ, Hedwigia 44: 364. 1905. TYPE: Peru, Loreto, Cerro "Vonasa", (Ponasa), Ule 6899 (holotype, Herb. Christ, P!; isotypes, B!, K.!; photos, GH, us of B, K; frag., us!, ex B). Paesia amazonica (Christ) C. Chr., Index fil. 476. 1 906. Stem trichomes rigid, terete or flattened in age. Leaves 0.5 to ca. 2.5m long, long-petioled. Lamina elongate-elliptic to long-triangular, the rachis flex- uous, pinnules with the basal segment on the ac- roscopic side, usually rather abundantly, some- times sparsely, glandular-pubescent. Adaxial indusium thin, very well-modified. Shrubby slopes, edge of forests, rocky places in woods, elfin forests and cloud forests, 1400-3600 m, Amazonas to Puno. Uncommon in tropical America. The identity of Cheilanthes glandulosa Sw. has been in doubt, and erroneously determined as a species of Hypolepis. A careful study of the par- tially fertile holotype at s clearly indicates that it is the species previously called Paesia viscosa. Amazonas: Prov. Chachapoyas, Rio Ventilla, W of Molinopampa, Wurdack 1466 (F, GH, us). San Martin: Prov. Rioja, Pedro Ruiz-Moyobamba, D. Smith 4797 (GH). Tarapoto, Spruce 4666 (GH, K, NY, P, us). Huanuco: SW slope of Rio Llullapichis watershed, Dudley 13374 (GH). Playapampa, Macbride 4501 (F, GH, us). Pasco: Prov. Oxapampa, Cordillera Yanachanga, van der Werff et al. 8472 (MO, uc). Prov. Oxapampa, Cordillera San Gutardo, Leon 518 (USM). Cuzco: Prov. La Convention, Cordillera Vilcabamba, Dudley 10714 (GH). Puno: Ta- tanara, Lechler 2536 (B). VI. Hypolepis Hypolepis Bernh., J. Bot. (Schrader) 1(2): 34. 1806. TYPE: Hypolepis tenuifolia (Forster) Presl (Lonchitis tenuifolia Forster). Figure 26. Terrestrial. Stem rather slender, long-creeping, bearing trichomes. Leaves well spaced, to ca. 7 m long, sometimes scandent on other vegetation. Lamina 2-4-pinnate-pinnatifid, nearly glabrous to usually pubescent, veins free. Sori marginal or nearly so, not paraphysate, served by 1 vein, cov- ered by a poorly to well-modified marginal in- dusium, or exindusiate and the leaf-tissue beyond the sorus not modified. Spores more or less ellip- 106 FIELDIANA: BOTANY FIG. 25. Paesia glandulosa: a, portion of rachis and pinna; b, fertile pinnule; c, laminar trichomes. (From Wurdack 1466, F.) TRYON & STOLZE: PTERIDOPHYTA OF PERU. II. 107 4 mm FIG. 26. Hypolepis parallelogramma: a, portion of stem with petiole base; b, pinna; c, fertile ultimate segment, abaxial side. (From Mexia 8149, F.) 108 FTELDIANA: BOTANY soidal, monolete, somewhat reticulate-echinate to echinate. Hypolepis is a tropical and extratropical genus of perhaps 40 species, with about 1 5 in America and six in Peru. It has the general habit and mode of growth ofPteridium, although it rarely becomes a serious weed. The American species are in need of a modern taxonomic revision. a. Key to Species of Hypolepis a. Indusium long-ciliate with few-celled trichomes; petiole, rachis, and pinna-rachises aculeolate or very sparingly so 1 . H. stuebelii Indusium glabrous, smooth on the edge to erose-fimbriate b b. Ultimate segments, or many of them, squarish or very bluntly obtuse; abaxial surface of the segments glabrous or very slightly pubescent; rachis and pinna-rachises aculeolate, especially abaxially 4. H. parallelogramma b. Ultimate segments rounded at the apex c c. Axis of the penultimate segments grooved adaxially, with an herbaceous wing on each side nearly perpendicular to the segment surface, the groove connecting to that of the next axis 2. H. nigrescens c. Axis of the penultimate segments not grooved adaxially, or grooved but either lacking her- baceous perpendicular wings or the groove not connecting to that of the next axis d d. Abaxial surface of the segments very slightly to densely pubescent, the trichomes various but some gland- or clavate-tipped; rachis and usually the pinna-rachises aculeolate 3. H. hostilis d. Abaxial surface of the segments with multicellular, often long, tortuous and moniliform trichomes with a pointed apex, these sometimes forming a tomentum; rachis and pinna- rachises not aculeolate e e. Rachis flexuous with alternate pinnae, especially at the base of the lamina; lamina nearly deltoid; basal pinnae 3-pinnate-pinnatifid, or more complex, much larger than those above, inequilateral 5. H. bogotensis e. Rachis straight, the basal pinnae often opposite or nearly so; lamina usually elongate to lanceolate (very rarely deltoid); the basal pinnae 1-2-pinnate-pinnatifid, not or not much larger than those above, equilateral 6. H. obtusata 1 . Hypolepis stuebelii Hieron., Hedwigia 48: 230, /. 10 J. 8. 1909. TYPE: Ecuador, Prov. Man- abi, near San Florencia, Stubel 796 (holotype, B!; frag., us!; isotype, GH!). Leaves to 2 m (or more?) long, more or less erect. Lamina 3-pinnate-pinnatifid to 4-pinnate, rachis straight, it and the pinna-rachises aculeolate or sparingly so. Segments pubescent abaxially with mostly moderately long, rigid, terete, pointed tri- chomes, a few shorter gland-tipped ones may also be present, ultimate segments broadly rounded to subacute. Indusium long-ciliate. In pastures, disturbed sites, rocky open places, and in rocky woods, 1450-2300 m, Pasco, Junin, and Cuzco. Greater Antilles; Venezuela and Colombia, south to Peru. The long-ciliate indusium provides a distin- guishing character for this species. Pasco: Prov. Oxapampa, Villa Rica, van der Werff el al. 8297 (MO, uc). Junin: Chanchamayo valley, C. Schunke 689 (F), 942 (F, us). Cuzco: Cerro de Cusilluyoc, Pennell 14025 (F, GH). Prov. La Convention, Chaquel- louanca, Vargas 12936 (GH). Prov. Paucartambo, Pil- lawata. Vargas 16694 (GH). 2. Hypolepis nigrescens Hooker, Sp. fil. 2: 66, /. 90C. 1852. LECTOTYPE (designated by Proctor, Ferns of Jamaica 179. 1985): Ja- maica, N. Wilson, (holotype, K; ISOLEC- TOTYPE: BM). Leaves to 5 m long, erect to scrambling. Lamina 3-4-pinnate-pinnatifid, rachis straight, it and the pinna-rachises aculeolate. Segments slightly pu- TRYON & STOLZE: PTERIDOPHYTA OF PERU. II. 109 bescent abaxially, with few, mostly moniliform trichomes, ultimate segments broadly rounded. Indusium entire to somewhat lobed. Disturbed areas in ceja de la montana, 2400 m, Huanuco. Mexico and Central America; Greater Antilles; Venezuela and Colombia, south to Bolivia. This species often has a lamina architecture sim- ilar to that ofPaesiaglandulosa. It is distinguished in the genus by the herbaceous wings on the adax- ial side of the penultimate segments and the groove that connects with the groove of the next axis. Huanuco: Huanuco-Tingo Maria road, Gentry et al. 1 9308 (F, MO). 3. Hypolepis hostilis (Kunze) Presl, Tent, pterid. 162. 1836. Cheilanthes hostilis Kunze, Linnaea 9: 86. 1 834. TYPE: Peru, (San Martin), Mission Tocache, upper Huallaga, July, August, 1 830, Poeppig (Diar. 1957) (holotype. presumably destroyed at LZ; Peru, 1 829, Poeppig, K!; photo and frag., us!, is probably au- thentic. Leaves to ca. 2 m long, erect or nearly so. Lam- ina 4-pinnate to 4-pinnate-pinnatifid, rachis straight, it and usually the pinna-rachises aculeo- late. Segments very slightly to densely pubescent abaxially, mostly with short, more or less moni- liform, gland- or clavate-tipped trichomes, or sometimes a few trichomes with pointed tips, ul- timate segments rounded to subacute at the apex. Indusium nearly smooth on the edge to definitely erose-fimbriate. In dense forests or along forest borders, or in cut-over or cultivated areas, 100-2100 m, Loreto to Puno. Costa Rica; Venezuela and Colombia, south to Bolivia; Brazil. The ultimate segments of Hypolepis hostilis are usually quite small, ca. 1.5-2 mm long. The usually numerous gland- or clavate-tipped trichomes on the abaxial surface of the segments are also char- acteristic. Loreto: Mishuyacu. near Iquitos, Klug 469. 1389 (F, us). Valseca-Rudolpho, McDaniel& Marcos 1 1059 (GH). Huanuco: Tingo Maria, Tryon & Tryon 5240 (BM, F, GH, u, us, USM). Fundo San Miguel, Ferreyra 12774 (GH, USM). Junin: Chanchamayo valley. C Schunke 48 (F, us). Carpapata. Kunkel 550 (GH). Ucayali: La Divisoria, Ferreyra 1048 (BM, us). Puno: Prov. Sandia, cerca de San Juan del Oro, Ferreyra 16691 (GH, USM). 4. Hypolepis parallelogramma (Kunze) Presl, Tent, pterid. 162. 1836. Figure 26. Cheilanthes parallelogramma Kunze, Linnaea 9: 85. 1834. TYPE: Peru, (Huanuco), Pampayacu, July, 1 829, Poeppig (holotype, presumably destroyed at LZ; frag, ex Kunze, LE!; photos, GH, us). Leaves to 7 m long and scandent. Lamina 3- pinnate to 3-pinnate-pinnatifid, rachis more or less straight, it and the pinna-rachises aculeolate. Seg- ments glabrous abaxially, to somewhat pubescent with rigid, terete, or moniliform trichomes with a pointed or rarely gland-tipped apex, ultimate seg- ments squarish or very bluntly obtuse, or many of them so. Indusium glabrous, smooth on the edge, somewhat lobed, or slightly fimbriate. In forests, at the border of forests, and in cloud forests, 550-2100 m, San Martin to Cuzco and Madre de Dios. Venezuela and Colombia, south to Bolivia; Bra- zil. This species often has an exceptionally long leaf that is scandent on shrubs or small trees, or the apical portion may be pendent from the lower branches of trees. The numerous squarish or bluntly obtuse and usually glabrous ultimate segments serve to distinguish this species. San Martin: Prov. Rioja, Pedro Ruiz-Moyobamba, Smith & Vdsquez 4694 (GH). Huanuco: Prov. Huanuco, Dist. Churubamba, Mexia 8149 (BM, F, GH, MO, uc, us, USM). Pasco: Prov. Oxapampa, Chequitavo, D. Smith 5186 (GH). Enenas, Pichis Trail, (as Junin), Killip & Smith 25760 (F, GH, us). Junin: Above San Ramon, C. Schunke A 182 (GH, us). Prov. Chanchamayo, Mina Pichita, van der Werff et al. 8669 (MO, uc). Ayacucho: Cordillera Central, Dudley 11955 (GH). Cuzco: Prov. Paucartambo, entre Piliopata y Villa Carmen, Vargas 13356 (GH). Prov. La Convention, Biies 2086, 2092 (us). Madre de Dios: Prov. Manu, Shintuya, Chavez 858 (MO). 5. Hypolepis bogotensis Karsten, Fl. Columb. 2: 91, f. 147. 1865. TYPE: Colombia, (Cundi- namarca), "Cordillerae Bogotensis," 2900- 3000 m, Karsten (holotype or isotype, LE!, B!; photo, GH of LE). Hypolepis flexuosa Sodiro, Crypt, vase. quit. 634. 1 893. TYPE: Ecuador, (Pichincha), Volcan el Corazon, 2900 m, Sodiro (holotype or isotype, P!; photo, GH). 110 FIELDIANA: BOTANY Leaves to 3 m (or more?) long, erect or some- what scandent. Lamina to 4- or 5-pinnate-pin- natifid, rachis flexuous, subdichotomous toward the base, it and the pinna-rachises not aculeolate. Segments densely tomentose to slightly pubescent abaxially with multicellular, usually long and tor- tuous, moniliform, pointed trichomes, these shorter and straighter when the segment is slightly pubes- cent, ultimate segments mostly rounded to nar- rowly rounded. Indusium entire to slightly lobed to moderately and irregularly erose-fimbriate. At the edge of woods, in dense forests, and in cloud forests, 2400-4060 m, San Martin, Ancash, Huanuco, and Pasco. Costa Rica; Jamaica; Venezuela and Colombia, south to Bolivia. The flexuous rachis which is subdichotomous, especially toward the base of the lamina, is char- acteristic of this species. A discussion of it in re- lation to Hypolepis obtusata is provided under that species. San Martin: Bagazan, Stiibel 1071 (B). Dist. Huallaga, 30 km above Jucusbamba, Hamilton & Holligan 547 (us). Ancash: Prov. Huari, Huascaran National Park, Smith et al. 12655 (F, GH). Huanuco: Tambo de Vaca, Macbride 4381 (F, us). 15 miles NE of Huanuco, Mac- bride & Featherstone 2199 (F, NY, us). Pasco: Prov. Ox- apampa, Cordillera de Yanachaga, van der Werffet al. 8443 (MO, uc). segments rounded at the apex. Indusium nearly smooth on the edge to moderately lobed or erose- fimbriate. Among rocks and in moss in open places, 2800- 4600 m, Ancash to Puno. Colombia to Peru. The elongate, mostly narrowly lanceolate, lam- ina of Hypolepis obtusata with a straight rachis is readily distinguished from the rather deltoid lam- ina of H. bogotensis with a flexuous rachis espe- cially toward the base. In addition, the lamina of H. obtusata is 2-pinnate-pinnatifid at the base, while that of H. bogotensis is usually 4-pinnate- pinnatifid at the base. However, there are some collections of H. ob- tusata (Saunders 1075 and Smith et al. 12676) that have a broad lamina that is 3-pinnate or 3- pinnate-pinnatifid at the base. These may be in- termediates between H. obtusata and H. bogoten- sis and the relationship of the two (or one) species needs further study. Ancash: Prov. Yungay, Huascaran National Park, Smith et al. 10404 (GH). Prov. Huaylas, Huascaran Na- tional Park, Smith & Valencia 9974 (GH). Prov. Huari, Huascaran National Park, Smith et al. 12676 (F, GH). Pasco: Prov. Oxapampa, Cordillera San Gutardo, Leon 535 (USM). Junin: Prov. Concepcion, Dist. Comas, Saun- ders 1075 (GH). Cuzco: Prov. La Convention, paso Pan- ticalla, Vargas 23310 (GH). Ccaocco, Bites 1399 (us). Puno: Prov. Carabaya, Achopampa, Vargas 6976 (uc). Tabina, Lechler 2094 (B). 6. Hypolepis obtusata (Presl) Kuhn, Festschrift 50 jahr. jub. Real. Berlin. 347 (Chaetopt. 27). 1882. Cheilanthes obtusata Presl, Reliq. haenk. 1: 64, t. 11, / /. 1825. TYPE: Mountains of Peru, Haenke, PR. Polypodiumfulvescens Hooker & Grev., Bot. Misc. 2: 239. 1831. TYPE: Peru, (Pasco), near Pasco, Huaylluay, Cruckshanks (holotype, K; photo and frag., us!; isotype, GH!). Plecosorus peruvianus Fee, (Mem. foug. 5) Gen. fil.: 151. 1852. TYPE: Peru, Pavon (holotype, not lo- cated; isotype, K!; photos, GH, us). Hvpolepis pteroides Mett., Fil. lechl. 1: 17, /. 3. / 7- 13. 1856. TYPE: Peru, St. Gavan (Rio San Ga- ban). Lechler 2152 (holotype, B!; photo, GH; frag., us!; isotype, K!; photos, GH, us). Leaves ca. 8-100 cm long, erect. Lamina 2-3- pinnate-pinnatifid, rachis straight, it and the pin- na-rachises not aculeolate. Segments moderately to rather densely pubescent abaxially with tor- tuous, moniliform, pointed trichomes, ultimate VII. Blotiella Blotiella Tryon, Contr. Gray Herb. 1 9 1 : 96. 1 962. TYPE: Blotiella glabra (Bory) Tryon (Lon- chitis glabra Bory). Figure 27. Terrestrial. Stem erect to decumbent, stout, bearing trichomes. Leaves borne in a crown or cluster, to 6 m long, sometimes scandent on other vegetation. Lamina 1 -2-pinnate-pinnatifid, more or less pubescent, veins partially to usually wholly anastomosing, without included free veinlets. Sori marginal, paraphysate, the sporangia borne on a vascular commissure connecting the vein ends, covered by a well-modified marginal indusium. Spores ellipsoidal, monolete, granulate to usually echinate. Blotiella is an American and African-Madagas- caran genus of about 15 species. There is a single species in America and Peru. The distinction of TRYON & STOLZE: PTERIDOPHYTA OF PERU. II. Ill FIG. 27. Blotiella lindeniana: a, pinna; b, fertile ultimate segments, abaxial side; c, stem trichome. (a, b from Maguire 28554, F, c from Maguire 59851, F.) 112 FIELDIANA: BOTANY Blotiella from Lonchitis, with which it was con- fused, is mentioned in Tryon (1962). Reference TRYON, R. 1962. The genera Lonchitis and Blo- tiella, in Taxonomic fern notes, III. Contr. Gray Herb., 191: 93-100. 1. Blotiella lindeniana (Hooker) Tryon, Contr. Gray Herb. 191: 99. 1962. Figure 27. Lonchitis lindeniana Hooker, Sp. fil. 2: 56, /. 89A. 1851. Venezuela, (Dist. Federal), Caracas, Linden 543 (holotype, K.!; photos, GH, us; isotypes, BR, us!; photos, GH of BR). Lonchitis lindeniana var. decomposita Christ, Bull. Herb. Boissier, II, 6: 190. 1906. TYPE: Costa Rica, valle del Rio Navarro. Werckle (not locat- ed). Stem trichomes long, multicellular. Leaves to ca. 5 m long. Lamina to 2-pinnate-pinnatifid, pin- nae (with rare exceptions) sessile or short-stalked, the basal pinnules usually reduced, especially on the lower pinnae, pinnules entire to pinnatifid, ob- tuse to acute, all parts of the lamina more or less pubescent with long, acicular trichomes that may be gland-tipped or not. Indusium more or less pu- bescent. Wet rain forests and cloud forests, 1280-2080 m, Huanuco and Cuzco. Widely distributed in tropical America but un- common. This is the only American species of a predom- inantly African genus. Long leaves are scandent on other vegetation. The fully anastomosing veins are distinctive for this species. Huanuco: SW slope of Rio Llullapichis watershed, Dudley 13203 (GH), 13219 (GH, us). Between Huanuco and Pampayacu, Kanehira 140 (GH, us). Cuzco: Prov. La Convention, Cordillera Vilcabamba, Dudley 11247 (GH). VIII. Lonchitis Lonchitis L., Sp. pi. 1078. 1753; Gen. pi., ed. 5, 485. 1754. TYPE: Lonchitis hirsuta L. Figure 28. Terrestrial. Stem rather stout, more or less short- creeping, bearing flattened trichomes. Leaves rath- er closely spaced, to ca. 2.5 m long. Lamina 2-3- pinnate-pinnatifid, more or less pubescent, veins free or partially anastomosing without included free veinlets. Sori marginal, sometimes paraphy- sate, the sporangia borne on a vascular commis- sure connecting the vein ends, covered by a well- modified marginal indusium. Spores spheroidal, trilete, somewhat granulate. Tryon (1962) indicated the type of the genus Lonchitis as L. hirsuta L.; a more definitive choice of the same species is presented by Lellinger ( 1 977). Lonchitis is unusual in having a fleshy stem with large, strongly flattened trichomes. There is one species of the genus in tropical America and another, L. occidentalis Baker, in tropical Africa and Madagascar. References LELLINGER, D. B. 1977. The identity of Lonchitis aurita and the generic names Anisosorus and Lonchitis. Taxon, 26: 578-580. TRYON, R. 1962. The genera Lonchitis and Blo- tiella, in Taxonomic fern notes, III. Contr. Gray Herb., 191: 93-100. 1. Lonchitis hirsuta L., Sp.pl. 1078. 1753. TYPE: Martinique, Plumier, Traite foug. Amer. /. 20, 1705. Figure 28. Pteris lonchitoides Desv., Mem. Soc. Linn. Paris 6: 301. 1827. TYPE: Peru, Herb. Desv., p. Stem trichomes large, mostly flattened. Leaves ca. 1-2.5 m long, long-petioled. Lamina with the pinnae and pinnules often subopposite, most pin- nules adnate, larger ones sessile or short-stalked, pubescent with scattered, whitish, soft, large, mul- ticellular trichomes. Indusium membranous, spar- ingly pubescent, usually erose-crenulate. In forests, 500-2000 m, Amazonas, San Martin, Pasco, and Junin. Mexico and Central America; Venezuela and Colombia, south to Bolivia. This species is widely distributed but uncom- mon in tropical America. Amazonas: Rio Maranon, above Cascadas de Mayasi, Wurdack 1889 (us). San Martin: Tarapoto, Spruce 4667 (GH, K.). Prov. Mariscal Caceres, N of Pulcache, Plowman & Schunke 11629 (F). Pasco: Yapas, Pichis Trail, (as TRYON & STOLZE: PTERIDOPHYTA OF PERU. II. 113 2mm 5mm FIG. 28. Lonchitis hirsuta: a, apical portion of lamina; b, portion of fertile pinnule, abaxial side; c, portion of rachis with trichomes. (Adapted from Stolze, Ferns & fern allies of Guatemala, 1981.) 114 FIELDIANA: BOTANY Junin), Killip & Smith 25438 (GH, us). Junin: La Merced, Macbride 5652 (us). Prov. Tarma, Perene, Esposto (USM). IX. Histiopteris Histiopteris(Agardh) John Sm., Hist. fil. 294. 1875. Figure 29. Pteris seel. Histiopteris Agardh, Recens. spec. pter. 76. 1839. TYPE: Pteris vespertilionis Labill. (His- tiopteris vespertilionis (Labill.) John Sm.) = His- tiopteris incisa (Thunb.) John Sm. Terrestrial. Stem slender to rather stout, long- creeping, bearing scales and sometimes also tri- chomes, or only trichomes. Leaves widely spaced, to 1 2 m long, sometimes scandent on other vege- tation. Lamina 2-4-pinnate essentially glabrous, veins free to usually anastomosing without in- cluded free veinlets. Sori marginal, paraphysate, sporangia borne on a vascular commissure con- necting the vein ends, covered by a well-modified marginal indusium. Spores ellipsoidal, monolete, prominently tuberculate or rugose. Histiopteris is a pantropical and temperate ge- nus of one, or perhaps a few, species. There is a single species in America and in Peru. 1 . Histiopteris incisa (Thunb.) John Sm., Hist. fil. 295. 1875. Figure 29. Pteris incisa Thunb., Prodr. fl. cap. 171.1 800. TYPE: Cape of Good Hope, 1775, Thunberg (holotype, not located; isotype, s!). Stem scales brown, more or less clathrate, tri- chomes (when present) brownish, long, and rather soft. Leaves ca. 0.5-3 m long, rarely to 12 m long and scandent on other vegetation. Lamina ovate- to long-triangular, pinnae opposite, the basal pin- nules reduced, especially toward the base of the lamina of large leaves, where they become stipule- like, pinnules often opposite, glaucous abaxially and glabrous or with scattered, brownish, large trichomes. Indusium membranous, glabrous, en- tire to crenulate. Shrubby slopes and dense forests, 1000-3750 m, Cajamarca to Puno. Tropical and south temperate America; Old World. The venation as well as the stem indument are unusually variable in this species. The veins are usually partly anastomosing, but sometimes may be wholly anastomosing or wholly free. Cajamarca: Prov. Contumaz, Cascas-Contumaz, Lo- pez el al. 9105 (F, HUT, MO). Amazonas: Prov. Bongara, Pomacochas-Vilcaniza, Sagdstegui 6007 (GH, HUT). An- cash: Prov. Huari, Huascaran National Park, Smith el al. 12742 (GH). Huanuco: Carpish, Gentry & Smith 44862 (F). Panao, Macbride 3603 (F, us). Pasco: Prov. Oxa- pampa, 19 km W of Oxapampa, D. Smith 2701 (MO). Prov. Oxapampa, Cordillera San Gutardo, Leon 509 (USM). Junin: Villa Amoreti, G. Kunkel 637 (GH). Cuzco: Valle de Pillahuata, Herrera 3337. 3341 (us). Puno: San- dia, Weberbauer 714 (B). X. Lindsaea Lindsaea Sm., Mem. Acad. Roy. Sci. (Turin) 5: 413.1 793. TYPE: Lindsaea trapeziformis Dry. = Lindsaea lancea (L.) Bedd. (Adiantum lan- cea L.). Figure 30. Terrestrial, rupestral or epiphytic. Stem decum- bent and moderately stout to slender, to long- creeping and slender, bearing scales that usually intergrade to rigid trichomes. Leaves borne in a cluster or at intervals, to ca. 1 m long. Lamina simple to 4-pinnate, glabrous, veins free or anas- tomosing without included free veinlets. Sori mar- ginal, not paraphysate, but often with trichomes similar to those on the lamina, served by 2-many veins, sporangia borne on a vascular commissure connecting the vein ends (in Peruvian species), covered by an abaxial indusium, the leaf-tissue beyond the sorus not modified. Spores usually spheroidal and trilete, sometimes ellipsoidal and monolete, smooth to granulate or with irregular surface strands. Lindsaea is a large pantropical and extratropical genus of about 150 species, with only 1 1 of them in Peru. The American species have been mono- graphed by Kramer (1957), and this treatment is based on that work, on the treatment of Lindsaea for Peru in Tryon ( 1 964) which was prepared with the aid of Kramer, and on a review of the present treatment by Kramer. References KRAMER, K. U. 1957. A revision of the genus Lindsaea in the New World. Acta Hot. Neerl., 6: 97-290. TRYON, R. 1964. The ferns of Peru. Contr. Gray Herb., 194: 1-253. TRYON & STOLZE: PTERIDOPHYTA OF PERU. II. 115 5cm FIG. 29. Histiopteris incisa: a, pinna; b, rachis and bases of 2 fertile pinnae, abaxial side; c, stem and base of petiole. (Adapted from Stolze, Ferns & fern allies of Guatemala, 1981.) 116 FIELDIANA: BOTANY Key to Species of Lindsaea a. Lateral ultimate segments (pinnules) dimidiate only about in the basal half, the apical half equilateral, with a definite central midvein; son on the upper and lower edges of the pinnules; lamina 2-pinnate 3. L. taeniata a. Lateral ultimate segments (pinnae or pinnules) wholly dimidiate, with a basal vein; sorus only on the upper edge or also continuous onto the outer edge b b. The apical portion of the pinnae of a 2-pinnate lamina, or the apical portion of the lamina of a 1 -pinnate lamina, gradually and much reduced, with small segments or lobes c c. Lamina 2-pinnate and the pinna-rachises with lateral wings or angles on the abaxial side that are lighter in color than the pinna-rachis proper d d. Pinna-rachises with abaxial wings that are usually continuous beyond the base of the pinna- rachis; indusium ca. 0. 10-0. 1 5 mm wide 4. L. divaricate d. Pinna-rachises with abaxial wings that are irregularly interrupted toward the base of the pinna-rachis; indusium ca. 0.3 mm wide 6. L. portoricensis c. Lamina 1 -pinnate, or 2-pinnate and the pinna-rachises lacking wings or angles on the abaxial side, or with them and they are then concolorous with the pinna-rachis proper e e. Ultimate segments (pinnae or pinnules) mostly 3 or more times as long as broad f f. Largest ultimate segments 15-35 mm long and 5-1 1 mm broad 1. L. arcuata f. Largest ultimate segments 6-9 mm long and 2-2.5 mm broad 2. L. spruceana e. Ultimate segments (pinnae or pinnules) mostly 2'/4 times, or less, as long as broad g g. Indusium 0.15-0.20 mm wide; segments herbaceous, the veins evident abaxially, the lower edge mostly herbaceous or very narrowly thickened; 1 -pinnate pinnae, when pres- ent, spreading 5. L. guianensis g. Indusium 0.3-0.5 mm wide; lower edge of the segments definitely thickened; 1 -pinnate pinnae, when present, strongly ascending h h. Segments firmly herbaceous to chartaceous; veins usually evident abaxially; indusium ca. 0.3 mm wide 6. L. portoricensis h. Segments usually coriaceous, veins obscure abaxially; indusium 0.3-0.5 mm wide 7. L. stricta b. The apical portion of the pinnae of a 2-pinnate lamina, or the apical portion of the lamina of a 1 -pinnate lamina, abruptly and not or hardly reduced, with rather large segments or lobes . . . i i. Petiole rounded on the abaxial side; lamina 2-pinnate 4. L. divaricata i. Petiole angular or winged on the abaxial side, at least toward its apex, rarely only slightly so j j. The terminal segment of the lamina, and of the pinnae in a 2-pinnate lamina subacute to acuminate; if the lamina 2-pinnate, the pinnules not or hardly narrowed toward their apex 8. L. lancea j. The terminal segment of the lamina very obtuse to concave, or if the lamina 2-pinnate and the terminal segment of the lamina and of the pinnae subacute to acuminate, then the pinnules strongly narrowed toward their apex which is often turned upward k k. Terminal segment of the lamina flabellate; petiole mostly dark reddish brown to atro- purpureous; lamina 1 -pinnate; pinnae coriaceous 9. L. schomburgkii k. Terminal segment of the lamina, and of the pinnae in a 2-pinnate lamina triangular- cuneate to crescent-shaped; segments herbaceous 1 1. Lamina 1- or 2-pinnate, when 1 -pinnate the pinnae usually many, 10-30 or more, the broader ones mostly ca. 3-6 times as long as broad and the petiole mostly stra- mineous to reddish brown 10. L. hemiglossa 1. Lamina 1 -pinnate, pinnae few, 4-15, the broadest ones 2 or 2'/2 times, or less, as long as broad; petiole mostly dark reddish brown to atropurpureous 11. L. ulei 1 . Lindsaea arcuata Kunze, Linnaea 9:86. 1 834. pig 1133 (holotype, LZ destroyed; isotype?, B). TYPE: Peru, (Huanuco), Pampayacu, Poep- Figure 30c. TRYON & STOLZE: PTERIDOPHYTA OF PERU. II. 117 Petiole stramineous to pale reddish brown, the abaxial side rounded to usually angular or sulcate. Lamina 1- or 2-pinnate, apical pinna (or apical pinnules of a 2-pinnate lamina) reduced to the small, terminal segment which is more or less con- fluent with the lateral segments adjacent to it. Rachis of a 1 -pinnate lamina abaxially angular, sulcate, pinna-rachises abaxially rounded at the base, becoming concolorously angled beyond. Ul- timate segments mostly 3 or moce times as long as broad, herbaceous, the veins evident to rather obscure abaxially. Indusium ca. 0.2 mm wide, sub- entire. Dense forests and somewhat open elfin forests, rarely on rocks, 100-1600 m, Amazonas to Cuzco. Mexico to Costa Rica; Greater Antilles; Vene- zuela to Colombia south to Bolivia; Brazil. Amazonas: Mendoza, Woytkowski 8214 (MO, uc). San Martin: Prov. Mariscal Caceres, 50 km N of Tocache Nuevo, Plowman & Schunke 1 1667 (F). Loreto: Tierra Doble, alto Rio Nanay, LI. Williams 1071 (F, us). Huan- uco: Pampayacu, Kanehira 177 (GH, us). SW slope of Llullapichis watershed, Dudley 13302 (GH, us). Pasco: Yapas, Pichis Trail (as Junin), Killip & Smith 25522 (F, NY, us). Junin: Villa Amoretti, Kunkel 578 (GH). Cuzco: Rio locate, Bues 1739 (us). 2. Lindsaea spruceana Kuhn, Linnaea 36: 79. 1869. TYPE: Peru (San Martin), Mt. Guayrapuri- ma, Tarapoto, Spruce 4023 (holotype, B; is- otypes, BM, BR, F, G, GH!, K, LE, w; photos, us of BM, BR). Lindsaea tarapotensis C. Chr., Index fil. 398. 1906, based on Lindsaea spruceana Kuhn (not Lindsaea sprucei Hooker, which is not an earlier hom- onym) and with the same type. Petiole stramineous to reddish brown, the abax- ial side rounded to sulcate. Lamina 1- or 2-pin- nate, apical pinna (or apical pinnules of a 2-pin- nate lamina) reduced to the small terminal segment which is more or less confluent with the lateral segments adjacent to it. Rachis of a 1 -pinnate lam- ina abaxially angular, sulcate, pinna-rachis abax- ially rounded at the base, becoming concolorously angled beyond. Ultimate segments mostly 3 times as long as broad, herbaceous, the veins rather ob- scure abaxially. Indusium ca. 0.2 mm wide, sub- entire. Dense forests, one collection on rocks, 600-800 m, San Martin. This species differs from Lindsaea arcuata in its generally smaller size, and the small ultimate segments have a rounded apex. In the larger L. arcuata the ultimate segments have the apex truncate or acute to caudate. While this may be a small form of L. arcuata, a second collection from the same Department as the type implies that it is a taxon and it is here treated as a species. Endemic to Peru. San Martin: Lamas, upper slopes of Cerro Isco, Knapp et al. 8539 (MO, z). 3. Lindsaea taeniata Kramer, Acta Bot. Neerl. 6: 208. 1957. TYPE: Colombia, Antioquia, Dos Quebradas, Kalbreyer 1345 (holotype, B; is- otype, K). Petiole wholly or mostly stramineous, the abax- ial side rounded to obtusely angled. Lamina 2- pinnate, the apical pinnules not much reduced, the rather large terminal segment more or less con- fluent with the lateral segments adjacent to it. Pin- na-rachises abaxially concolorously winged or ridged, or with paler wings. Ultimate segments mostly 3-5 times as long as broad, herbaceous to subcoriaceous, the lateral veins evident or obscure abaxially. Indusium 0. 1 5-0.20 mm wide, entire. In forests, 600-700 m, San Martin and Loreto. Colombia and Ecuador, Peru and adjacent Bra- zil. This species is characterized by the only partly dimidiate ultimate segments, the apical half being equilateral and with a definite midvein. The pet- ioles are stramineous to pale brown, or sometimes darker at the base. San Martin: Prov. Mariscal Caceres, Tocache Nuevo, J. Schunke V. 5697 (F, us). Loreto: Rio Ampiyacu, Pu- caurquillo, Davis et al. 849 (F, uc). 4. Lindsaea divaricata Klotzsch, Linnaea 18: 547. 1845. TYPE: "British Guiana," Schomburgk 368 (holotype, B). Figure 30d. Petiole castaneous to nearly black, the abaxial side rounded. Lamina 2-pinnate, apical pinnules reduced, or not, to the small to moderately large, terminal segment which is more or less confluent with, or free from, the lateral segments adjacent to it. Pinna-rachises abaxially with continuous pale wings beyond the base. Ultimate segments ca. 2'/2 times as long as broad, herbaceous, the veins usu- 118 FIELDIANA: BOTANY FIG. 30. Lindsaea lancea: a, habit. Lindsaea stricta: b, habit. Lindsaea arcuata: c, fertile ultimate segment, abaxial side. Lindsaea divaricata: d, portion of rachis and pinna base, abaxial side. (Adapted from Stolze, Ferns & fern allies of Guatemala, 1981.) TRYON & STOLZE: PTERIDOPHYTA OF PERU. II. 119 ally obscure abaxially. Indus! urn 0.10-0.15 mm wide, entire or subentire. Dense forests, hillside forests, and partly cleared forests, 100-750 m, Amazonas and Loreto to Madre de Dios. Mexico and Central America; Lesser Antilles; generally distributed in South America south to Bolivia and Paraguay. This species is often characterized by the crenate apex of the sterile segments or the outer sterile edge of partly fertile segments. The narrow indu- sium and usually continuous abaxial wings of the pinna-rachis separate it from L. portoricensis. In addition, this species usually has spreading pinnae while L. portoricensis most often has strongly as- cending pinnae. Amazonas: Prov. Bagua, Chiriaco to Puente Venezue- la, Barbour 4421 (MO). Loreto: Above Pongo de Man- seriche, Mexfa 6133b (uc, us). Near Iquitos, Klug 69, 1337 (F, NY, us). Huanuco: Tingo Maria, Tryon & Tryon 5339 (F, u, USM). E of Tingo Maria, J. Schunke V. 5166 (F, us). Pasco: Prov. Oxapampa, Valle de Palcazu, Leon 686 (F). Prov. Oxapampa, Palcazu valley, D. Smith 3738 (GH). Ucayali: Vicinity of Aguaytia, Croat 20923 (MO). Madre de Dios: Prov. Tambopata, Tambopata Nature Reserve, Barbour 5180 (F). Prov. Manu, Cerro de Pan- tiacolla, Foster et al. 10698, 10819 (F). 5. Lindsaea guianensis (Aublet) Dry., Trans. Linn. Soc. London 3: 42. 1797, ssp. guianensis. Adiantum guianense Aublet, Hist. pi. Guiane 2: 963. 1775. TYPE: French Guiana, Aublet (holotype, P?). Petiole stramineous to rarely castaneous beyond the dark brown to blackish base, the abaxial side rounded. Lamina usually 2-pinnate, rarely 1 -pin- nate, apical pinnules (or apical pinna of a 1 -pin- nate lamina) reduced to the small terminal seg- ment which is more or less confluent with the lateral segments adjacent to it. Rachis of a 1 -pin- nate lamina concolorously angled or winged, pin- na-rachises abaxially rounded (always so at the base) to concolorously angled or sulcate. Ultimate segments ca. 2 times, or less, as long as broad, herbaceous, the veins evident abaxially. Indusium ca. 0. 1 5-0.20 mm wide, entire to usually minutely erose-denticulate. Hillside forests and forest borders, 550-1 250 m, Amazonas, Huanuco, and Pasco. Nicaragua; Lesser Antilles; Guianas to Colom- bia, south to Peru; northern Brazil. There are two geographically distinct elements in Lindsaea guianensis. One is ssp. guianensis in Peru and northern South America. It has the pin- nae long-acuminate (caudate) with minute apical segments. The other, ssp. lanceastrum Kramer, occurs in central, eastern, and southeastern Brazil and Paraguay. It has the pinnae acute to somewhat acuminate. The pinna-rachis of L. guianensis is abaxially terete toward the base to angular or subterete be- yond. In L. portoricensis it has paler, more or less interrupted angles or wings, except at the very base which is terete. Also the spreading pinnae of ssp. guianensis aid in separating it from L. portoricen- sis with usually strongly ascending pinnae. Amazonas: Rio Maranon, near Cascadas de Mayasi, Wurdack 1942 (us). Huanuco: Tingo Maria, Tryon & Tryon 5275 (F, u, USM), 5289 (BM, F, GH, MO, u, us, USM). Pasco: Prov. Oxapampa, Cordillera San Matias, Leon et al. 325 (USM). Prov. Oxapampa, vicinity of Chequitavo, D. Smith 5181 (GH). 6. Lindsaea portoricensis Desv., Ges. Naturf. Freunde Berlin Mag. Neuesten Entdeck. Ges- ammten Naturk. 5: 326. 1811. TYPE: Herb. Desvaux, p. Petiole brownish red to dark brown, the abaxial side rounded. Lamina 1 - or 2-pinnate, apical pin- nules (or apical pinna of a 1 -pinnate lamina) re- duced to the small terminal segment that is more or less confluent with the lateral segments adjacent to it. Rachis of a 1 -pinnate lamina and pinna- rachises abaxially with pale angles or wings that are irregularly interrupted toward its base. Ulti- mate segments ca. 2 times as long as broad, firmly herbaceous to chartaceous, the veins usually evi- dent abaxially. Indusium ca. 0.3 mm wide, usually repand-erose. In forests and in open woods, especially in sandy soil, 100-900 m, San Martin, Loreto, and Ucayali. Mexico to Guatemala; Greater Antilles; Guian- as to Colombia, south to Bolivia; Brazil. In leaves with a 2-pinnate lamina, the pinnae of L. portoricensis are usually strongly ascending, while in other somewhat similar species such as L. divaricata and L. guianensis they are usually spreading. Other differences from L. guianensis are noted under that species. 120 FIELDIANA: BOTANY San Martin: Soritor, Woytkowski 6247 (MO, us). Lor- eto: Near Iquitos, Tryon & Tryon 5180 (BM, F, MO, u, us, USM). Bersalles, Vargas 11455 (GH). Ucayali: Bosque Nacional von Humboldt, Gentry et al. 36222 (MO). 7. Lindsaea stricta (Sw.) Dry., Trans. Linn. Soc. London 3: 42. 1797. Figure 30b. Adiantum strictum Sw., Prodr. 135. 1788. TYPE: Ja- maica, Swartz (holotype, s). Petiole stramineous to pale brown or reddish brown, the abaxial side rounded. Lamina 1- or 2- (rarely 3-)pinnate apical pinnules (or apical pinna of a 1 -pinnate lamina) reduced to the small, ter- minal segment that is more or less confluent with the lateral segments adjacent to it. Rachis of a 1- pinnate lamina and pinna-rachises abaxially rounded to concolorously angled or sulcate. Ul- timate segments roundish or to 1 '/2 times as long as broad, herbaceous to usually coriaceous, the veins mostly obscure abaxially. Indusium 0.3-0.5 mm wide, usually strongly erose to lacerate. Three varieties are recognized by Kramer (1957), with var. stricta (f. stricta) and var. parvula (Fee) Kramer cited from Peru. In rocky woods, in wet sand, and in rocky sand- stone areas, 840-2400 m, Amazonas to Puno. Mexico and Central America; Greater Antilles; Trinidad and Guianas to Colombia, south to Bo- livia; Brazil. Lindsaea stricta is especially distinguished by its rather broad indusium and short, usually co- riaceous ultimate segments. Amazonas: Prov. Chachapoyas, just E of Chachapoy- as, Wurdack 728 (F, GH, us). San Martin: Zepelacio, near Moyobamba, Klug 3418 (B, F, G, GH, K, MO, NY, s, us). San Roque, LI. Williams 7760 (F, GH). Ucayali: Prov. Corone! Portillo, Obenteni basin, Chrostowski ; (uc). Cuz- co: Beatriz, Maranura, Bites 894 (us). Puno: Sandia, Var- gas 11850(GH). at least at its apex. Lamina 1 - or 2-pinnate, apical pinnules (or apical pinna of a 1 -pinnate lamina) not or not much reduced, the large, or rather large, terminal segment free or nearly so from the lateral segments adjacent to it. Rachis of a 1 -pinnate lam- ina and pinna-rachises abaxially with often pale ridges or wings (the pinna-rachises abaxially rounded at the base). Ultimate segments ca. 2-3 times as long as broad, herbaceous, the veins rath- er evident abaxially. Indusium 0.2-0.3 mm wide, entire. Dense forests, hillside forests, rocky woods, moist, shrubby areas, and cloud forests, 100-1600 m, Amazonas and Loreto to Cuzco and Madre de Dios. Tropical America. Five varieties are recognized by Kramer ( 1 957), with two of them in Peru: var. lancea and var. falcata (Dry.) Rosenst. These varieties do not have strong geographic correlations. As in several species, var. lancea has either a 1 - or a 2-pinnate lamina. In plants with a 1 -pinnate lamina, the upper pinnae are about half as long as the lower ones, which are more or less straight. In plants of var. falcata, the lamina is 1 -pinnate, with the up- per pinnae hardly reduced and the basal ones mostly strongly falcate. Amazonas: Rio Maranon, near Cascadas de Mayasi, Wurdack 1941 (F, GH, uc). Prov. Bagua, Chiriaco to Puente Venezuela, Harbour 4325 (MO). Loreto: Prov. Re- quena, Jenaro Herrera, Vdsquez et al. 2095 (MO). Near mouth of Rio Santiago, Mexia 6207 a (GH, uc, us). Huan- uco: Tingo Maria, Tryon & Tryon 5291, 5296 (BM, F, MO, u, us, USM). Pasco: Prov. Oxapampa, Puerto Laguna, D. Smith 8423 (MO). Junin: Prov. Satipo, Pichanaki, Leon 209 (F, USM). Above San Ramon, Killip & Smith 24698 (NY, us). Ucayali: Bosque Nacional von Hum- boldt, Gentry et al. 36223 (MO). Cuzco: Prov. Paucar- tambo, Cosnipata valley, Wachter et al. 219 (F). Madre de Dios: Prov. Tambopata, Tambopata Nature Reserve, Barbour 4964 (F). Prov. Manu, Cerro de Pantiacolla, Foster et al. 10695, 10696 (F). 8. Lindsaea lancea (L.) Bedd., Suppl. ferns Brit. Ind. 6. 1876. Figure 30a. Adiantum lancea L., Sp. pi. ed. 2, 1557. 1763. LEC- TOTYPE (designated by Kramer, 1957): Suri- nam; Seba, Locupl. nat. thes. 2: t. 64, f. 7-8. 1 735. Petiole stramineous to nearly black, the abaxial side with sharp angles or wings, or obtusely angled, 9. Lindsaea schomburgkii Klotzsch, Linnaea 18: 545. 1845. TYPE: "British Guiana," Schom- burgk 278 (holotype, B). Petiole mostly reddish brown to atropurpu- reous, the abaxial side sharply angled or with pro- truding paler angles. Lamina 1 -pinnate, apical pin- nae not or slightly reduced, the large, flabellate terminal segment free. Rachis abaxially with often pale angles to sulcate. Ultimate segments ca. 2'/2 TRYON & STOLZE: PTERIDOPHYTA OF PERU. II. 121 times as long as broad, firmly herbaceous to co- riaceous, veins evident abaxially. Indusium 0.2 mm wide, entire to minutely erose-sinuate. In wet, open sand, 1 50-1 400 m, San Martin and Loreto. Guyana southwest to Peru; Amazonian and cen- tral Brazil. The lamina of this species is 1 -pinnate, with the lateral pinnae usually coriaceous with prominu- lous veins and the terminal segment flabellate. The dark petiole is angled or winged abaxially. San Martin: Rio Negro, Woytkowski 6206 (GH, MO, us). Between Moyobamba and Chachapoyas, Croat 58159 (F, MO). Loreto: 5 km from Rio Nanay, on road to Ar- bolada de Peritos Forestales, Croat 18558 (MO, uc). 10. Lindsaea hemiglossa Kramer, Acta Bot. Neerl. 6: 257. 1957. TYPE: Peru, (Junin), above San Ramon, Schunke Hacienda, Schunke A234 (not A 324) (holotype, uc; isotypes, GH!, us!). Lindsaea latifrons Kramer, Acta Bot. Neerl. 6: 256. 1957. TYPE: Peru, Loreto, Balsapuerto, Klug2890 (holotype, us!; isotypes, B, BM, F, o, GH!, K, MO, NY, s). Petiole stramineous to reddish brown, the abax- ial side angled to palely ridged. Lamina 1- or 2- pinnate, apical pinna (or apical pinnules of a 2- pinnate lamina) little reduced, the large, triangu- lar-cuneate to crescent-shaped terminal segment free. Rachis and pinna-rachises abaxially angled or ridged, often palely so. Ultimate segments 3-6 times as long as broad, firmly herbaceous, the veins mostly obscure abaxially. Indusium ca. 0. 1-0.2 mm wide, entire. Dense forests and borders of forests, cloud for- ests, 100-1800 m, San Martin and Loreto to Pas- co and Junin. Ecuador and Peru. Lindsaea latifrons is treated as the same species as L. hemiglossa as tentatively suggested by Kra- mer (1957). Recent collections fail to support the differences of the two in color and altitude. The former species was originally characterized by growing at ca. 1 200-1 800 m and with the dry pin- nae dark olivaceous to brown, while the latter species grew at 1 50-350 m and had the dry pinnae bright green. The adopted name L. hemiglossa is chosen over L. latifrons because it is more appro- priate and originally the species had a wider range and was represented by more collections. Some of the 1 -pinnate specimens are similar to Lindsaea ulei but have more and longer pinnae and a lighter petiole, as mentioned in the key to species. Some of the leaves with a 2-pinnate lam- ina may be confused with L. lancea; these are also separated in the key. San Martin: Tarapoto, Spruce (K). Loreto: Near mouth of Rio Napo, Croat 20201 (MO, uc). Pena Negra, 25 km SW of Iquitos, Croat 18663 (F, MO). Tierra Doble, alto Rio Nanay, LI. Williams 1068 (F). Prov. Maynas, Mis- hana, Lopez et al. 8663 (HUT). Huanuco: SW slope of Rio Llullapichis watershed, Dudley 13006 (GH, us), 13061 (GH). Pasco: Prov. Oxapampa, vicinity of Chequitavo, D. Smith 5189 (GH). Junin: Schunke Hacienda, above San Ramon, Killip & Smith 24571 (F, NY, us). Chan- chamayo valley, Schunke 102, 806 (F, us). 1 1 . Lindsaea ulei Christ, Hedwigia 44: 365. 1 905. TYPE: Brazil, Amazonas, Rio Jurua, Ule 5756 (holotype, B; isotypes, G, K, L; photo, GH of L). Petiole mostly dark reddish brown to atropur- pureous, the abaxial side winged or angled, at least toward its apex. Lamina 1 -pinnate, the large apical segment free, very obtuse to crescent-shaped or concave. Rachis abaxially with pale wings. Ulti- mate segments ca. 2'/z times, or less, as long as broad, especially the broadest ones, more or less herbaceous, veins evident to obscure abaxially. Indusium ca. 0.2 mm wide, entire or nearly so. Primary upland forests, ca. 1 50 m, Loreto. Northern South America and Peru. Plants of Lindsaea hemiglossa with a 1 -pinnate lamina have more and longer pinnae than L. ulei and a lighter petiole. Loreto: Prov. Maynas, Rio Ampiyacu, Plowman et al. 7097 (F, GH, us). 122 FIELDIANA: BOTANY Colombia 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. 21. 22. 23. 24. Tumbes Piura Lambayeque Cajamarca Amazonas La Libertad San Martin Loreto Ancash Hufhuco Lima Pasco JunTh Ucayali lea Huancavelica Ayacucho Apurfmac Cuzco Madre de Dios Arequipa Puno Moquegua Tacna Chile DEPARTMENTS OF PERU 124 FIELDIANA: BOTANY Index to Names Accepted names are in roman type, synonyms are in italics, and new names are in boldface. A page number is provided for the principal place, or the only place, where the name occurs. Acrostichum 81 sect. Anetium 92 aureonitens 48 a u re urn 83 bonariense 28 calomelanos 18 chrysoconium 20 chrysophyllum 16 citrifolium 92 danaeifolium 83 ebeneum 18 lanuginosum 32 rufum 47 scariosum 32 sinuatum 34 tartareum 19 tereticaulon 40 thalictroides 50 trifoliatum 21 Adiantopsis 34 chlorophylla 36 paupercula 34 radiata 36 ternata 36 Adiantum 52 alarconianum 67 amabile 56 anceps 68 capillus-veneris 58 cayennense 64 ceciliae 63 ch ilen so 57 var. chilense 58 var. hirsutum 58 concinnum 58 crenatum 57 cuneatum 56 decorum 56 deflectens 62 delicatulum 62 digitatum 61 dolabriforme 62 filiforme 62 flagellum 62 fructuosum 64 fuliginosum 64 guianense 120 henslovianum 59 var. macrosorum 59 hirtum 64 humile 66 imbricatum 60 incisum 67 kalbreyeri 63 kaulfussii 66 killipii 66 laetum 59 lancea 121 Adiantum latifolium 66 x petiolatum 66 lobatum 60 lucidum 69 var. poeppigianum 69 lunulatum 62 macrocladum 64 macrophyllum 70 mathewsianum 67 mexiae 64 microsorium 62 moorei 56 obliquum 57 orbignyanum 60 palmatum 61 patens 6 1 pauperculum 34 pectinatum 62 pedatum 61 peruvianum 68 petiolatum 66 phillipense 62 phyllitidis 70 pilosum 63 platyphyllum 68 poeppigianum 69 poiretii 57 var. hirsutum 58 pulverulentum 65 raddianum 56 radiatum 36 rhizophyllum 62 ruizianum 62 scalare 69 serratodentatum 65 sessilifolium 59 speciosum 61 steer ei 62 strictum 121 subaristatum 62 subvolubile 59 sulphureum 58 terminatum 65 tetraphyllum 64 thalictroides 57 tinctum 56 tomentosum 63 urophyllum 63 x variopinnatum 66 veitchianum 62 villosissimum 64 villosum 64 Aleuritopteris 23 farinosa 23 peruviana 30 Ananthacorus 89 angustifolius 89 Anetia 92 Anetium 92 citrifolium 92 Anogramma 22 chaerophylla 23 leptophylla 23 Antrophyum 84 subg. Antrophyum 84 subg. Polytaenium 84 brasilianum 87 cajenense 87 ensiforme 85 guayanense 87 lanceolatum 87 lineatum 86 plantagineum 84 Argyrochosma 37 nivea 38 stuebeliana 38 Asplenium tomentosum 46 Blotiella 1 1 1 glabra 1 1 1 1 i n den i an a 1 1 3 Ceratopteris 50 pteridoides 50 richardii 50 thalictroides 50 Ceropteris adiantoides var. peruviana 1 9 Cheilanthes 23 andina 27 arequipensis 33 bonariensis 28 x fraseri 28 borsigniana 37 buchtienii 34 cantangensis 32 chlorophylla 36 concolor 3 1 var. concolor 31 var. kirkii 31 elegans 3 1 farinosa 30 fasciculata 27 fractifera 25 fraseri 28 glandulosa 106 glauca 30 host His 110 hypoleuca 34 incarum 33 intramarginalis 23 TRYON & STOLZE: PTERIDOPHYTA OF PERU. II. 125 Cheilanthes lonchophylla 33 macleanii 27 marginata 30 mathewsii 27 micropteris 23 mollis 29 moritziana 25 myriophylla 31 notholaenoides 25 obducta 29 obtusata 1 1 1 orbignyana 29 ornatissima 32 parallelogramma 110 peruviana 32 pilosa 27 x pruinata 27 poeppigiana 30 pruinata 27 radiata 36 rigida 34 rufopunclata 29 saundersii 25 scariosa 32 sinuata 34 var. sinuata 34 squamosa 34 tripinnata 32 Davallia arbor escens 100 concinna 100 glauca 99 inaequalis 103 Dennstaedtia Bernh. 95 Dennstaedtia Moore 95 arborescens 100 hipinnata 99 cicutaria 98 concinna 100 dissecta 100 distenta 95 erosa 100 flaccida 95 glauca 99 globulifera 99 mathewsii 100 obtusifolia 100 punctilobula 95 rubiginosa 98 sprucei 101 wercklei 101 Dennstaedtiaccae 94 Deparia mathewsii 100 Dicksonia bipinnata 99 cicutaria 98 dissecta 100 erosa 100 obtusifolia 100 polypodioides 95 rubiginosa 98 Doryopteris 43 concolor 3 1 Doryopteris crenulans 44 lomariacea 44 lorentzii 44 palmata 44 pi-data var. palmata 44 Eriosorus 3 accrescens 6 aureonitens 6 brasiliensis x cheilanthoides 4 cheilanthoides 6 x Eriosorus sp. 8 x Jamesonia sp. 8 elongatus 8 flabellatus 8 flexuosus 7 lechleri 8 orbignyanus 7 ruizianus 20 rufescens 4 scandens 1 stuebelii 6 warscewiczii x Jamesonia scammanae 4 wurdackii 7 Grammitis cheilanthoides 6 flexuosa 1 ruiziana 1 Gymnogramma aureonitens 1 calomelanos var. denudata 18 elongata 8 ferruginea 20 flabellata 8 flexuosa 1 var. peruviana 1 goudotii 12 jamesonii 20 tecA/eri 8 mathewsii 4 mohriaeformis 4 ochracea 19 orbignyana 1 pearcei 2 1 peruviana 19 pumila 84 reniformis 15 rufescens 4 stuebelii 6 tartarea var. aurata 20 Gymnopteris 46 rw/a 47 tomentosa 46 Hecistopteris 84 pumila 84 Hemionitis 46 brasiliana 87 cajenensis 87 lanceolata 87 lineal a 86 palmata 48 pinnata 48 plantaginea 84 rufa 47 tomentosa 46 var. subrufa 46 Histiopteris 1 1 5 incisa 1 1 5 vespertilionis 1 1 5 Hypolepis 106 bogotensi s 1 1 flexuosa 1 10 hostilis 1 10 nigrescens 109 obtusata 110 parallelogramma 1 1 pteroides 1 1 1 stuebelii 109 tenuifolia 106 Jamesonia 8 alstonii 12 blepharum 14 boliviensis 12 cinnamomea 14 glutinosa 13 goudotii 12 imbricata 13 var. glutinosa 1 3 var. imbricata 13 var. meridensis 13 peruviana 11 pulchra 1 1 rotundifolia 10 scalaris 12 scammanae 1 1 Lindsaea 1 1 5 arcuata 117 di varicata 1 1 8 guianensis 120 ssp. guianensis 120 ssp. lanceastrum 120 hemiglossa 122 lancea 121 var. falcata 121 var. lancea 121 latifrons 122 portoricensis 120 schomburgkii 121 spruceana 1 1 8 sprucei 118 stricta 121 var. parvula 121 var. stricta 121 f. stricta 121 taeniata 1 1 8 tarapotensis 118 126 FIELDIANA: BOTANY Lindsaea trapeziformis 1 1 5 ulei 122 Litobrochia horizontalis 77 Lonchitis 1 1 3 glabra 1 1 1 hirsuta 1 1 3 lindeniana 1 1 3 var. decomposed 1 1 3 pedata 80 tenuifolia 106 Microlepia 95 flaccida 95 inaequalis var. nigrescens 103 polypodioides 95 speluncae 95 Mildella 23 intramarginalis 23 Notholaena 37 sect. Argyrochosma 37 sect. Notholaena 37 arequipensis 33 aurea 28 bonariensis 28 brackenridgei 32 buchtienii 34 Candida var. /u/z 37 cantangensis 32 chrysophylla 40 fraseri 28 lonchophylla 33 marantae 37 nivea 38 var. flava 40 var. nivea 39 var. oblongata 39 var. tenera 40 obducta 29 peruviana 32 sinuata 34 var. bipinnata 32 stuebeliana 33 sulphurea 37 var. ytova 37 tectaria 34 tenera 40 tomentosa 34 trichomanoides 37 Paesia 106 amazonica 106 an Tract uosa 106 glandulosa 106 viscosa 106 Paraceterach marantae 37 Parkeria pteridoides 50 Pellaea 40 sect. Ormopteris 40 sect. Pellaea 40 atropurpure 40 cordifolia 4 1 crenulans 44 dealbata var. stuebeliana 38 lorentzii 44 m'mz 38 ovata 43 peruviana 4 1 sagittata 4 1 var. cordata 4 1 var. sagittata 4 1 tenera 40 ternifolia 4 1 var. ternifolia 4 1 var. wrightiana 41 weddelliana 4 1 wrightiana 4 1 Pityrogramma 16 austroamericana 18 calomelanos 16 var. aureoflava 18 var. austroamericana 18 x trifoliata21 var. calomelanos 18 x trifoliata 21 var. ochracea 19 x trifoliata 2 1 var. peruviana \ 9 chrysoconia 20 chrysophylla 18 ebenea 18 ferruginea 20 x trifoliata 2 1 ochracea 19 pearcei 21 perelegans 19 peruviana 19 presliana 20 tartarea 19 var. aurata 20 var. jamesonii 20 var. tartarea 19 trifoliata 2 1 Plecosorus peruvianus 1 1 1 Polypodium dissectum 100 fulvescens \ 1 1 globuliferum 99 leptophyllum 23 speluncae 95 Polytaenium 84 brasilianum 87 cajenense 87 guayanense 87 lanceolatum 86 Psilogramme 8 Pteridaceae 2 Pteridanetium 92 citrifolium 92 Pteridium 105 aquilinum 105 var. arachnoideum 105 var. caudatum 105 arachnoideum 105 caudatum 105 Pteris 70 sect. Histiopteris 1 1 5 altissima 76 amazonica 106 ampla 78 angustifolia 90 aquilina 105 arachnoidea 105 atropurpurea 40 aurra 28 bakeri 80 biaurita 77 var. P. edentula 75 concolor 3 1 consanguinea 77 coriacea 74 cretica 8 1 decomposita 80 decurrens 77 deflexa 74 edentula 75 farinosa 30 fraseri 78 grandifolia 79 var. campanae79 haenkeana 78 horizontalis 77 imbricata 13 /nora 1 1 5 intramarginalis 23 fc////p/7 78 kunzeana 76 lechleri 78 //ea/a 90 livida 80 lonchitoides 1 1 3 longifolia 70 /wc/Wa 69 muricata 74 M/vea 38 notholaenoides 25 orbiculata 13 palmata 44 pedata 80 peruviana 4 1 petiolulata 79 podophylla 80 po//7a 74 propinqua 75 pungens 75 quadriaurita 75 reticulata 76 reticulatovenosa 76 34 sagittata 4 1 speciosa 76 splendens 79 sulphurea 37 TRYON & STOLZE: PTERIDOPHYTA OF PERU. II. 127 Pteris ternifolia 4 1 transparens 76 trichomanoides 37 tripart ila 8 1 vespertilionis 1 1 5 vest it a 78 vittata 81 Pteroideae 2 Pteropsis vittarioides 9 1 Pterozonium 14 brevifrons 15 reniforme 15 Saccoloma 101 elegans 103 inaequale 103 var. caudata 103 wercklei 101 Saffordia 48 induta 50 Sitobolium 95 punctilobulum 95 Syngramma brevifrons 15 Trachypteris 48 aureonitens 48 induta 50 pinnata 48 Trichomanes flaccida 95 Trismeria 16 aurea 16 microphylla 2 1 trifoliata 21 Vittaria 89 angustifolia 90 costata 90 yi/l/b/ia 90 filiformis 90 gardneriana 9 1 graminifolia 90 lanceolata 86 Iatifolia91 lineata 90 moritziana 9 1 remota 9 1 ruiziana 9 1 stipitata 9 1 vittarioides 9 1 Vittariaceae 83 Vittarieae 83 128 FIELDIANA: BOTANY Other Fieldiana: Botany Titles Available llus. Publication 1246, SI 0.50 llus. Publication 13 I Publication 1349. norm !la M. "I Publication 1397, $18.00